考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.

Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayeatawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!

Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.

Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.

1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif（）.

2.Areallyfearlesssoldier（）.

3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause（）.

4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand

B.theyhadneverburntthemselves

C.theyhadnosenseofpain

D.theywerefearfulofthefire

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isoflittleusetothearmy

B.iswithoutequal

C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier

D.easilygetskilledinabattle

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse

B.youmaygetcancer

C.fearcanbeusedasaservantandguide

D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavegainedexperience

B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime

C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger

D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful.

B.Toomuchfearisharmful.

C.Fearoughttobeusedasaservantandguide.

D.Fearissomethingunprofitable

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.”如果火在燃燒時沒有傷到孩子，他們就會一直玩到火燒到自己的手為止。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“fearlesssoldier”定位到第一段第四句“Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;”一個無畏的士兵不是一個好士兵,因?yàn)樗芸炀蜁粴?。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.”重要的是不要讓恐懼支配你，而是要把恐懼當(dāng)作你的仆人和向?qū)?。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題第三段的二三句“Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.”恐懼會警告你有危險(xiǎn)；然后你必須決定采取什么行動。在大多數(shù)情況下，你可以采取快速和成功的行動來避免危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.推斷題。選項(xiàng)A中always表述錯誤；選項(xiàng)C是原文已經(jīng)闡明的觀點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)D不符合原文。只有選項(xiàng)B正確且符合原文。

2.單選題

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】11.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“2011年，他們發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)具有里程碑意義的研究，題為《學(xué)術(shù)上的漂泊》，記錄了許多上大學(xué)的人缺乏智力增長的經(jīng)歷。特別是，阿魯姆和洛克薩發(fā)現(xiàn)，大學(xué)生沒有培養(yǎng)出批判性思維、分析推理和其他更高層次的技能，而這些技能是在當(dāng)今以知識為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)中茁壯成長、在一個充滿復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)和動態(tài)變化的時代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們國家所必需的”，由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“它沒能讓學(xué)生做好面對現(xiàn)代挑戰(zhàn)的準(zhǔn)備”。

A選項(xiàng)“它旨在激發(fā)大學(xué)生的求知欲”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“近年來，它經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校努力滿足學(xué)生的各種需求”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

12.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第二段第一句話ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards“阿魯姆和洛克薩將學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)不足歸咎于大學(xué)課程的淡化和本科學(xué)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”，由此可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“摻水的大學(xué)課程”。

B選項(xiàng)“枯燥的課堂活動”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“缺乏嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“過時的教育方法”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

13.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段第一句話LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents“勞拉?漢密爾頓是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)的家長的研究的作者，她將在即將出版的一本書中指出，大學(xué)管理部門過于關(guān)注學(xué)生的社交和體育活動”，由此可知答案選D“他們優(yōu)先考慮非學(xué)術(shù)活動”。

A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有給貧困學(xué)生足夠的幫助”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“他們往往提供太多缺乏挑戰(zhàn)性的課程”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“他們似乎與社會脫節(jié)了”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

14.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段最后一句話Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate“通過批準(zhǔn)這種弱化版的大學(xué)，大學(xué)是在“以犧牲其他人的利益來滿足富裕學(xué)生的社會和教育需求”，而這些人一旦畢業(yè)，就無法享受富裕學(xué)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持或社會關(guān)系”，從這里可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“為了享受生活，他們可以選擇更容易的專業(yè)”。

A選項(xiàng)“他們往往比同齡人有一種優(yōu)越感”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“他們花大量時間與企業(yè)建立牢固的聯(lián)系”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“即使沒有學(xué)位，他們也能爬上社會的階梯”，定位到第三段第五句Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse“當(dāng)然，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生仍然比那些只有高中學(xué)歷的人要好得多”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)錯誤。

15.推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段最后一句話Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover“對于那些在大學(xué)里過得很輕松的學(xué)生，以及對工作要求更少、提供更多吸引力、收取更高學(xué)費(fèi)的美國大學(xué)來說，這場派對可能很快就要結(jié)束了”，從文章的關(guān)鍵詞maysoonbeover可以看出，作者認(rèn)為美國大學(xué)這種狀態(tài)很快會消失，由此可以推斷C選項(xiàng)“美國高等教育的現(xiàn)狀可能不會持續(xù)太久”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“美國高等教育已經(jīng)失去了其全球競爭力”，文章雖然在批判美國現(xiàn)在的教育制度但是沒有提到美國的高等教育失去競爭力了，這里屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“人們不應(yīng)該對美國的高等教育期望過高”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“要改變目前高等教育的趨勢需要很長時間”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

3.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對應(yīng)第四個選項(xiàng)，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過去的癌癥，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項(xiàng)；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說明過去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒稱為焦點(diǎn)，排除B選項(xiàng)；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項(xiàng)；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個選項(xiàng)是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說RoyPorter將其說成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說明人們對癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因?yàn)開____。文中最后一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”，在此提到癌癥和神經(jīng)衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似，因此也就是在說神經(jīng)衰弱和糖尿病都與心理壓力有關(guān)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：如文章所述，作者最可能同意下列哪一種說法？由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”與全文，可知對于癌癥的護(hù)理管理是一直發(fā)展的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B和D選項(xiàng)是作者飲用的他人觀點(diǎn)，不不能代表作者自身。癌癥由之前的不是焦點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在人人恐懼，身份自然有改變，C選項(xiàng)由此可排除。

4.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因?yàn)?；由于，既然”，because“因?yàn)椤?；when“當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)句子意思推斷選項(xiàng)A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關(guān)于治療的最精準(zhǔn)的方法仍處于測試階段。

5.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perfect“使完美”；hinder“隱藏，藏起來”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“排出，耗盡”；interest“引起的興趣”；C選項(xiàng)prolong“延長，拖延”；necessitate“使成為必需”；D選項(xiàng)vote“投票”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經(jīng)很完善了，它們不再需要專家?！疉選項(xiàng)正確。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.

Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.

Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.

Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.

Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.

Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseisused.Evenwhenstatementslikethisarealreadyfamiliar,theyaremadewithadifferentkindofauthorityinthisbook.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.

2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.

3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.

4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.

5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofadvancedtechnology

B.thequalityofinformation

C.thequalityofprinting

D.theuseofmeasurableevidence

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.collectrelevantdata

B.countwordfrequencies

C.readaswidelyaspossible

D.refertoexistingdictionaries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheexistingwords

B.frequentlyusedwords

C.modernusageofwords

D.awidecoverageofwords

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.collecting

B.presenting

C.preserving

D.processing

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.auser’sguideto

B.anintroductionto

C.aresearchessayon

D.anadvertisementfor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了在______之外，這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典。

A.theuseofadvancedtechnologyA.在使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面

B.thequalityofinformationB.信息的質(zhì)量

C.thequalityofprintingC.印刷質(zhì)量

D.theuseofmeasurableevidenceD.使用可衡量的證據(jù)

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“編寫這本詞典所使用的是新的和先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)。對于使用者來說，信息的種類不同，信息的質(zhì)量不同，信息的呈現(xiàn)方式也不同?！笨芍?，這本詞典在信息種類、質(zhì)量、呈現(xiàn)方式以及編纂時使用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面與其他詞典不同；然后根據(jù)第三段第二句“這意味著，除了傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外（包括廣泛的英語閱讀和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，其他詞典，當(dāng)然還有眼睛和耳朵），這本詞典還基于確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù)”可知，這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典還在于其確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù)，只有C項(xiàng)“印刷質(zhì)量”在文章中是沒有提到的，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“在使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面”、B項(xiàng)“信息的質(zhì)量”和D項(xiàng)“使用可衡量的證據(jù)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都是這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典的地方，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.2.這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典的不同之處在于它的編纂者_(dá)_____。

A.collectrelevantdataA.收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)

B.countwordfrequenciesB.計(jì)算詞頻

C.readaswidelyaspossibleC.盡可能廣泛地閱讀

D.refertoexistingdictionariesD.參考的是現(xiàn)有的詞典

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段二三句“這意味著，除了傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外（包括廣泛的英語閱讀和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，其他詞典，當(dāng)然還有眼睛和耳朵），這本詞典還基于確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù)。沒有遺漏任何主要的用法，并且一種用法出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)（thenumberoftimes）對詞目的組織方式有很大的影響?！笨芍?，與傳統(tǒng)詞典不同，這本詞典除了使用傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外，還基于大量確鑿的證據(jù)，并且沒有遺漏詞匯的任何主要用法，而且其用法頻率對編輯詞目的結(jié)構(gòu)有影響，也就是說這本詞典計(jì)算了詞匯的用法頻率，但傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者沒有這樣計(jì)算，故B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算詞頻”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)”和C項(xiàng)“盡可能廣泛地閱讀”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)都是這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用到的方法，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“參考的是現(xiàn)有的詞典”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.3.這本詞典并沒有聲稱包括______。

A.alltheexistingwordsA.所有現(xiàn)存的單詞

B.frequentlyusedwordsB.常用詞匯

C.modernusageofwordsC.詞匯的現(xiàn)代用法

D.awidecoverageofwordsD.廣泛的詞匯

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至第四段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)第二三句“我們回到了基礎(chǔ)，收集了數(shù)百萬個單詞，并把它們放進(jìn)一個非常大容量的電腦里，詞典編撰團(tuán)隊(duì)每天可以接觸到大約2000萬個單詞，還有更多的單詞在專門的儲存庫里。這些詞匯來自書籍、雜志、報(bào)紙、小冊子、傳單、對話、廣播和電視廣播?！笨芍?，這本詞典收集了數(shù)百萬個單詞，這些詞匯都是平常人們能夠接觸到、聽到或用到的，包括書籍、雜志、報(bào)紙、電視廣播等，也就是說這本詞典包括了廣泛的詞匯，且詞匯來自于人們?nèi)粘Ｖ兴佑|到的事物中，綜合理解推斷這本詞典包括廣泛的常用詞匯即它的現(xiàn)代用法，只有A項(xiàng)“所有現(xiàn)存的單詞”在文中并沒有提到，且該項(xiàng)表述太絕對，但符合題干。所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“常用詞匯”、C項(xiàng)“詞匯的現(xiàn)代用法”和D項(xiàng)“廣泛的詞匯”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)是這本詞典聲稱包括的內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.4.在文章中，作者主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)據(jù)______的差異。

A.collectingA.收集

B.presentingB.呈現(xiàn)

C.preservingC.保存

D.processingD.處理

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】第二段第三句指出“編寫這本詞典所使用的是新的和先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)”可知，這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典不同的地方在于使用的是先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)；接著第三段三四五句提到“沒有遺漏任何主要的用法，并且一種用法出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)對詞目的組織方式有很大的影響。同樣，被稱為語料庫的大量文本給我們提供了合理的理由，可以省略許多不在其中出現(xiàn)的用法和詞形。在缺乏證據(jù)的情況下，傳統(tǒng)詞典很難決定刪去哪些信息，因此許多極具誤導(dǎo)性的信息在詞典編纂的傳統(tǒng)中被保留了下來。”可知，這本詞典使用的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)能夠計(jì)算詞頻，且省略了許多沒有出現(xiàn)過的用法和詞性，但傳統(tǒng)詞典卻做不到這樣；綜合理解我們可以推斷，作者在這里主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典之間數(shù)據(jù)處理的差異，所以D項(xiàng)“處理”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“收集”，文中沒有對比這本詞典和傳統(tǒng)詞典收集數(shù)據(jù)的不同，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“呈現(xiàn)”和C項(xiàng)“保存”在文中沒有具體依據(jù)，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.5.整篇文章都是詞典的______。

A.auser’sguidetoA.使用者指南

B.anintroductiontoB.介紹

C.aresearchessayonC.研究論文

D.anadvertisementforD.廣告

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，前兩段先介紹這本詞典與其他詞典的不同之處，后面四段主要講述這本詞典是如何使用可靠和確鑿的文本證據(jù)，文章最后一句指出“即使像這樣的陳述已經(jīng)很熟悉了，但在這本書中，它們被賦予了不同的權(quán)威”；綜合理解可知，整篇文章主要內(nèi)容是介紹這本詞典不同于其他傳統(tǒng)詞典之處，所以B項(xiàng)“介紹”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“使用者指南”，原文沒有提到教我們?nèi)绾问褂眠@本詞典，該項(xiàng)無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“研究論文”，原文沒有表達(dá)任何研究成果，通篇都是介紹這本詞典的特別之處，該項(xiàng)無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“廣告”，原文并沒有表達(dá)讓讀者購買這本詞典的依據(jù)，該項(xiàng)無中生有。

7.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanprovide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardto

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inlinewith“與…一致”；intermsof“根據(jù)，按照”；inregardto“關(guān)于，對于”；bymeansof“憑借”。句意：一個國家的富有程度，應(yīng)根據(jù)國家能提供的商品以及國民的健康和幸福來衡量。由bemeasured可知B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B

8.單選題

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis（）home.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡陋的”，B項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，晦澀的”，C項(xiàng)inferior“自卑的，下等的”，D項(xiàng)lower“下方的，下級的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞home（家，住宅）可知，空格處填入“簡陋的”最合適。句意：在信中，我的朋友說他很愿意我在他簡陋的家里做客。因此，該題A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itcanbearguedthatmuchconsumerdissatisfactionwithmarketingstrategiesarisesfromaninabilitytoaimadvertisingatonlythelikelybuyersofagivenproduct.Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First,thereisthemarketsegment—peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second,thereistheprogramtarget—peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe“bestfit”characteristicsforaspecificproduct.Lotsofpeoplemayneedtrousers,butonlyafewqualifyaslikelybuyersofveryexpensivedesignertrousers.Finallythereistheprogramaudience—allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogramwithoutregardtowhethertheyneedorwanttheproduct.

Thesethreegroupsarerarelyidentical.Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget,forexample,allcompanieswithaparticularapplicationoftheproductinquestion,suchashigh-speedfillersofbottlesatbreweries.Insuchcircumstances,directselling(marketingthatreachesonlytheprogramtarget)islikelytobeeconomicallyjustified,andhighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.

Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.Eachrepresentsarelativelysmallpercentageofpotentialsales.Rarelydomembersofaparticularmarketsegmentgroupthemselvesneatlyintoameaningfulprogramtarget.Therearesubstantialdifferencesamongconsumerswithsimilardemographiccharacteristics.Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhaveno