考研考博-英語-安徽商貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽商貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。seekfor“尋求，追求”；accountfor“對…做出解釋”；turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；resortto“依靠，求助于，訴諸”。句意：如果我沒到如此絕望的地步，我是不會訴諸法律的。根據(jù)前后句意可知D項(xiàng)符合，答案D

2.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項(xiàng)是這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時(shí)沒有做過的？”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.（這些組織在氣候變化問題上的立場是一致的：科學(xué)是矛盾的，科學(xué)家是分裂的，環(huán)保主義者是騙子或瘋子，如果政府采取行動阻止全球變暖，他們將在沒有充分理由的情況下危害全球經(jīng)濟(jì)），由此可知A項(xiàng)“破壞環(huán)保主義者的聲譽(yù)”、B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)家之間缺乏共識”和C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的不必要傷害”都屬于這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時(shí)的說辭，只有D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不被濫用”沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.（這并不是說這些團(tuán)體支持的所有科學(xué)都是bogus）可知，這句話是上文的承接句，上文最后一句話指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.（這些商業(yè)組織不喜歡的研究結(jié)果被貼上了“垃圾科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽，他們歡迎的發(fā)現(xiàn)被貼上了“可靠科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽），后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.（總的來說，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明），由此可推測并不是這些組織支持的所有的科學(xué)都是假的，故B項(xiàng)“虛假的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“合理的”、C項(xiàng)“無限制的”和D項(xiàng)“不一致的”都不與bogus的含義相近。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是為了表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.（總的來說，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明；他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)相互矛盾的研究，比如對流層冷卻的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并堅(jiān)持不懈地挖掘它），由此推斷，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是為了說明這些組織出于自己的目的選擇科學(xué)研究課題，故B項(xiàng)“這些組織如何為他們自己的目的選擇科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這些組織與科學(xué)家的合作有多密切”，內(nèi)容不符合原文；C項(xiàng)“正確的數(shù)據(jù)對于科學(xué)家做出可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么重要”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的錯(cuò)誤可能會阻礙科學(xué)的進(jìn)步”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“由?？松澲慕M織……”。文章最后一句話提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.（在本應(yīng)舉行緊急國際談判的七八年關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，通過主導(dǎo)媒體有關(guān)氣候變化的辯論，通過不斷播撒對科學(xué)的懷疑，就像它應(yīng)該是最有說服力的一樣，他們已經(jīng)證明了贊助商在他們身上花費(fèi)的金錢是合理的），由此可推斷，?？松澲慕M織最終還是兌現(xiàn)了他們的承諾，和公司在應(yīng)對氣候變化問題上處于一致的立場，故A項(xiàng)“履行了他們諾言”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“幾乎引起了世界范圍的混亂”和D項(xiàng)“誤解了主辦者的要求”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到他們原來的目標(biāo)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于……”。本文主要講在應(yīng)對全球變暖等環(huán)境問題上，大公司?？松龅囊磺写胧﹣砭S護(hù)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?（多年來，一個(gè)由公民團(tuán)體和科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直聲稱全球變暖的科學(xué)是不確定的，但是誰資助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…（雖然他們這一招在美國是最有效的……），由此可以推斷，埃克森美孚公司在解決全球變暖的問題上發(fā)揮了作用，故C項(xiàng)“?？松谕涎尤蜃兣鉀Q方案方面的作用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“?？松砣肟茖W(xué)丑聞”和D項(xiàng)“?？松苿痈嗫茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的努力”文中沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“?？松瓕夂蜃兓瘑栴}的貢獻(xiàn)”，文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.（為了保護(hù)自己的利潤，?？松梨谛枰⒉岩?，是否需要對氣候變化采取嚴(yán)格的行動），由此可知，?？松梨跒榱吮Ｗo(hù)自己的利益，而散播謠言阻止氣候變化措施的實(shí)行，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inthepastfortyyears,weatherforecastinghasbecomealmost（）computerized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.centrally

B.totally

C.nationally

D.extremely

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)centrally“在中心”；B選項(xiàng)totally“完全地”；C選項(xiàng)nationally“全國性地”D選項(xiàng)extremely“非常，極其”。句意：在過去的四十年里，天氣預(yù)報(bào)已經(jīng)幾乎完全計(jì)算機(jī)化了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Yourimproperwordswillgive（）todoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rise

B.reason

C.suspicion

D.impulse

【答案】A

【解析】giveriseto為固定搭配,

表示“使...發(fā)生,

引發(fā)”。句意：不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑捳Z會使人對你的真實(shí)意圖產(chǎn)生懷疑。

5.單選題

Youdon’thavetotakeallthecoursesifyouhavenointerestinthem.Theyare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.optical

C.elementary

D.critical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)optical“光學(xué)的；視覺的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“基本的；初級的”；D選項(xiàng)critical“至關(guān)重要的”。句意：如果你對這些課程不感興趣的話，那么你不必全部都上。它們是……。不必上所有的課程，因?yàn)樗鼈兪强梢赃x修的。故選A。

6.單選題

Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.diagnose

C.assess

D.manipulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項(xiàng)diagnose“診斷；斷定；判斷”；C選項(xiàng)assess“評定；估價(jià)；對……征稅”；D選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱；操作；巧妙地處理；篡改”。句意：健康有助于緩解抑郁跡象，如優(yōu)柔寡斷和對日?；顒尤狈崆椤Ｒ虼薃選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Formerly,calciumandvitaminDwerefrequentlyaddedtoenrichedbread,but______consumerdemandandquestionablenutritionalbenefitledtogradualphasingoutoftheseenrichments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.lackingof

C.lackedof

D.lack

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和lack的用法。lack作動詞時(shí)，后面直接加賓語，作名詞通常和of連用。句意：以前，鈣和維他命D常常被加入面包豐富其營養(yǎng)，但由于缺乏消費(fèi)者需求和令人可疑的營養(yǎng)益處導(dǎo)致這些面包逐漸被淘汰。根據(jù)句意A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thedictatorreliedonabuseofitsopponents（

）onsoundingreasoning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.betterthan

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。morethan不僅僅；ratherthan而不是；otherthan除了...不同于...；betterthan超過，好于...。句意：這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者依靠的是辱罵反對者，而不是有力的說服。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

9.單選題

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap（

）me.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我下班回家的時(shí)候累極了，但半小時(shí)的小睡又使我振作起來。

動詞辨析。revive（使）蘇醒，復(fù)活;release釋放;relieve緩解，減輕;recover康復(fù)。A項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

TheareawhereconventionalmicroeconomicswouldraiseeyebrowsifnotringalarmbellsishowcapitalistdevelopmentofInternet-relatedindustrieshas（）generatedconsiderablemarketconcentrationatalmosteverylevel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexorably

B.yearningly

C.placably

D.relentingly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。inexorably“無情地，不可阻擋地”；yearningly“思念地，渴望地”；placably“易安撫地”；relentingly“仁慈地”。句意：該地區(qū)的微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會引人側(cè)目，如果不敲響警鐘，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的資本主義發(fā)展如何在幾乎所有層面上不可阻擋地產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)大的市場集中度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thehelicopterisanincrediblyversatilemachine.Itcanfly,straightupordown,hoverlikeafly,andgoforwards,backwards,orsideways.Itthereforeneedsnolong,preparedrunwaylikeanormalairplanedoes.Itcanoperatefromaflatroofinthecityorfromaclearinginthejunglewithequalease.However,helicoptersarenowherenearasfastasnormalfixed-wingairplanesandhaveatopspeedofonlyabout200milesanhour.

Thehelicopterhasoftenbeencalledthe'flyingwindmill'becauseofthelong,rotatingblades,orrotor,ontopofitsbody.Thismainrotorservesasbothpropellerandwingstoprovidethethrusttodrivethehelicopteralongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.Therotorbladeshavethesameaero-foilshapesasairplanewingsandpropellerstogeneratetherequiredliftandthrust.

Whenthemainrotorrotates,thebodyofthehelicopterlendstospinbyreactionintheoppositedirection.Tocounteractthiseffect,asmallrotorismountedsidewaysonthetail.Thethrustproducedbythistailrotorinnormalflightjustbalancestheturningtendencyofthehelicopterbodywhichthereforeremainssteady.Boththemainandthetailrotorsaredrivenbythehelicopterenginethroughthesamegearbox.Anotherwayofmaintainingstabilityintheairistohavetwinmainrotorswhicheachrotateinoppositedirections.Then,the"spinning"tendencyofonecancelsthatoftheother.

Movementofthehelicopterinadirection-forwards,backwards,sideways,upordown-isachievedsimplybyvaryingthepitchoftherotorblades.Thepitchistheangleatwhichthebladesslicethroughor'bite'theair.Toflystraightupwardsallthebladesaresetatthesamesharppitch.Inthispositiontheyachievemaximumlift.Todescend,thepitchofthebladesisreducedsothattheliftisinsufficienttosupportthehelicopter'sweight.

Thepilotadjuststhepitchforupordownmovementbymovingthecollective-pitchstick.Thisisalsolinkedtotheenginethrottlessothatmorepowerisappliedasthepitchincreases.Thisistoovercomethegreaterairresistancewiththesharperpitch.Conversely,theengineisthrottledbackwhenthepitchisreducedfordescentbecausethereislessairresistance.

Toflyforwards,thepitchoftherotorbladesisvariedastheyrotate.Forforwardmotion,thepitchismadeleastatthefrontandgraduallyincreasedastheblademovesbackwards.Thishastheeffectofsweepingtheairbackwards,andthereforepushingthehelicopterforwards.Thesamegoesforanyhorizontalmovement——thepitchismadeleastinthedesireddirectionoftravel.Thecyclic-pitchstickcontrolsthepitchoftherotorforhorizontalflight.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat（）.

2.What'sthebasicfunctionofthemainrotorofahelicopter?

3.Themovementofthehelicopterinanydirectioniscontrolledby（）.

4.Toflyforwards,ahelicopterhasto（）.

5.Theword"descend"inline4ofparagraph4canbebestreplacedby（）.

6.Thephrase"Thisposition"inline4ofparagraph4refersto（）.

7.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingisperfect

B.generallyspeaking,helicoptersarebetterthanotherairplanes

C.fixed-wingairplaneshaveatopspeedofabout200milesperhour

D.helicoptersarenotatallversatile

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tocounteractthespinningofahelicopter.

B.Tomaintainstabilityintheair.

C.Torotateinoppositedirection.

D.Toproducetheforcetodriveitalongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asmallrotor

B.itstail

C.varyingthepitchoftherotorblades

D.counteractingmaximumlift

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.supportthehelicopter'sweight

B.sweeptheairbackwardsandpushthehelicopterforwards

C.belinkedtotheenginethrottle

D.slicethroughtheair

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.settle

B.come

C.godown

D.decrease

問題6選項(xiàng)

A."Toflystraightupwards"

B."thesamesharppitch"

C."Thepitch"

D.''achievemaximumlift”

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.TheHelicopter

B.ThePitch

C.RotatingBlades

D.TheflyingHelicopter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段講述了直升機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),也就是說沒有什么是完美的。選項(xiàng)A最能概括本段。

2.根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thismainrotorservesasbothpropellerandwingstoprovidethethrusttodrivethehelicopteralongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.”這個(gè)主旋翼既充當(dāng)螺旋槳又充當(dāng)機(jī)翼,提供推動直升機(jī)前進(jìn)的推力,也提供使直升機(jī)離開地面的升力。選項(xiàng)D與原文描述一致。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Movementofthehelicopterinadirection—forwards,backwards,sideways,upordown—isachievedsimplybyvaryingthepitchoftherotorblades.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Thishastheeffectofsweepingtheairbackwards,andthereforepushingthehelicopterforwards.”為了向前飛行,直升機(jī)需要向后掃空氣。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)原文句意：葉片的節(jié)距減小,使升力不足以支撐直升機(jī)的重量,這樣直升機(jī)就會下降,所以“descend”指的是下降,選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.根據(jù)原文句意：為了垂直向上飛行,所有的葉片都設(shè)置在相同的間距。在這個(gè)位置,他們達(dá)到最大的升力。由此可知,“thisposition”指的是上一句提及的相同的間距,選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講的直升機(jī)是如何運(yùn)作的,選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。原文并沒有說是飛行中的飛機(jī),所以選項(xiàng)D不正確。

12.單選題

Iamsurethatwithyourremarkableabilityandrichexperience,thecurrentsessionyou______overwillbeasuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presume

B.propel

C.preside

D.prick

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)presume“假定；推測；擅自；意味著”；B選項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)；驅(qū)使；激勵(lì)；驅(qū)策”；C選項(xiàng)preside“負(fù)責(zé)；主持”；D選項(xiàng)“戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛”。根據(jù)固定搭配presideover“主持；執(zhí)掌；負(fù)責(zé)；管理”可知句意為：我相信，以你卓越的能力和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你主持的本屆會議將取得成功。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講學(xué)者們在美國社會中不同種族和民族的融合問題上存在分歧。所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，美國猶太人不愿意融入美國社會，主要是由于幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來歐洲國家的迫害，其中一些國家幸存下來，與歐洲的基督徒一起來到了美國。由此可以推斷，歐洲后代中最有可能歧視美國猶太人的是基督教徒，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“saladbowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“variousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.”不同的群體雖然在同一社會中工作和生活，但仍然彼此獨(dú)立。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Jewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericanculture...”可知選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

14.單選題

Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionto（

）initsbody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precede

B.proceed

C.progress

D.practice

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從太陽獲取的能量能在夜間被用來使必要的化學(xué)反應(yīng)在體內(nèi)進(jìn)行。

考查動詞辨析。Precede領(lǐng)先，在……之前;proceed開始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,發(fā)生;progress前進(jìn),進(jìn)步;practice練習(xí),實(shí)習(xí),實(shí)行。故B符合句意。

15.單選題

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesroom為……留出空間；B選項(xiàng)leavesnoroom沒有空間；沒有余地；C選項(xiàng)sparesnoefforts不遺余力；D選項(xiàng)takesnopains沒有費(fèi)力氣，沒有痛苦。根據(jù)前文可知，他已經(jīng)列舉出了確鑿的證據(jù)，沒有必要進(jìn)一步爭論。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護(hù),避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識是我們老年時(shí)舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時(shí)不準(zhǔn)備,年老時(shí)就得不到它的庇護(hù)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者說“人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)正在推動這一趨勢”是什么意思？’根據(jù)第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963歲之間的人--嬰兒潮一代--將占美國人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這一受過教育、有健康意識、叛逆和相對富裕的隊(duì)伍符合傳統(tǒng)的素食主義?！贝_定題目中此話的意思是指C選項(xiàng)“素食主義者的增長趨勢是由于老年人人數(shù)的增加”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問“為什么南希?羅伯茨會生??？”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53歲的資深雜志編輯南希?羅伯茨，發(fā)現(xiàn)她做了很多人在假期會做的事：過度沉迷于吃豐富的食物。”確定A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗粤颂嘭S富的食物”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘南希?羅伯茨是如何從病中康復(fù)的？根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，羅伯茨在同一命期被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了。”確定B選項(xiàng)“在家吃些素食”正確。

18.單選題

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趨勢，傾向；mainstream主流；agenda議程，日程表。句意：這些跡象表明，總統(tǒng)將試圖把環(huán)境問題提上議程。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

19.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】句意:逃跑的小偷后面緊跟著當(dāng)?shù)氐木臁?/p>

考查固定搭配。on（at）one'sheels緊跟某人后面。

20.單選題

Otherfactors（

）tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causing

B.giving

C.contributing

D.resulting

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。cause“成為…的原因，導(dǎo)致”；give“提供，給予”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力，通常和介詞to連用”；result“導(dǎo)致，發(fā)生”；根據(jù)空格后的介詞to和句意‘（

）經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的其他因素是先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和更好的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查語義。前面部分說到“兩者都并非非理性的”，相應(yīng)的空格這部分的修飾詞也應(yīng)選擇否定意義。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用說瘋狂的”。

22.翻譯題

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代博物館屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果，這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己動手去操作，自己細(xì)心體察。這樣。他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧秘。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsisnaturemuseumintheworld,whichshowspeopletheevolutionoftheearthandthelivingthingswithfossilsandsamplesspecimen.Thesecondgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsofindustrialtechnology,whichshowthestageeffectsofindustrialcivilization.Thes