考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Inthepastcastleswerenormallyclassifiedas"militaryengineering"andbanished(1)___thearchitecturalsceneatonce.Today,architectsandengineers(2)___farmorecloselylinked(3)___inthepast;wearethereforereadyto(4)___theidea,becauseacastlewasdesigned(5)___awell-protectedhome(6)___itsoccupants(7)___qualitieswhichwecanrecognize(8)___essentiallyarchitectural.Oncethesite(9)___thecastlehadbeenchosen(10)___formwouldbedictated(11)___thematerialswithwhichit(12)___tobebuiltandthemanyservices(13)___hadtoprovideforthose(14)___itswalls.(15)___itschiefrolewasadefensive(16)___,intimesofpeaceit(17)___beexpectedtoact(18)___thecentreoflocalgovernment,ahall(19)___justiceorperhaps(20)___aprison.

【答案】1.from

2.are

3.than

4.develop

5.as

6.for

7.with

8.as

9.for

10.the

11.by

12.ought

13.which

14.within

15.While

16.building

17.can

18.as

19.of

20.as

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。bebanishedfrom...“放逐；把……從……驅(qū)逐、趕出”。結(jié)合句意得知正確答案為from。

2.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文today表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)，architectsandengineers為復(fù)數(shù)，因此填入are。

3.考查固定搭配。由前文farmore+adj.可知此處表示比較級(jí)，因此填入than。

4.考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文theidea可知此處大意為：我們會(huì)形成一種想法。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，develop最為合適。

5.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)該填入介詞，并且表示一種方式，因此為as。

6.考查固定搭配。designsth.forsb/sth.“設(shè)計(jì)；制圖；構(gòu)思”。

7.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知此處是修飾城堡的特點(diǎn)，with有“有，用……屬性的”含義。

8.考查固定搭配。recognize...as...“承認(rèn)；（正式）認(rèn)可，接受，辨別”。

9.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知此處表示“用于……的選址”，for最為合適。

10.考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境可知此處缺少冠詞修飾名詞，因此填入the。

11.考查搭配。根據(jù)上下文，上文表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合下文，此處應(yīng)填入by。

12.考查固定搭配。oughtto“應(yīng)該”。

13.考查定語(yǔ)從句?？崭窈笫莿?dòng)賓搭配，缺少主語(yǔ)，空格前為名詞，判斷出此處是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾空格前的名詞并做主語(yǔ)。

14.考查介詞。結(jié)合上下文及語(yǔ)境，此處用介詞作狀語(yǔ)，后文itswall表示地點(diǎn)。within為最佳答案。

15.考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)上下文可知，前后文的邏輯關(guān)系為：雖然……但是……，因此while最符合。

16.考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前defensive可知空格處為名詞，根據(jù)前文談及城堡，因此此處填入building合適。

17.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意，空格后為系動(dòng)詞的原型be，則空格處填入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞合適。

18.考查固定搭配。actas“充當(dāng)；作為”。

19.考查固定搭配。結(jié)合上下文，此處為ahallofjustice“法院”。

20.考查介詞?？崭袂暗膐r表示此處與前文的短語(yǔ)actas并列。

2.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(擁擠).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸縮的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鳴器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不應(yīng)該由汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“能量來(lái)源”正確。B選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”，C選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“載客人數(shù)”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未來(lái)的汽車的主要問(wèn)題仍在城市交通擁擠），可知作者最關(guān)心交通擁擠的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合下文對(duì)如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開設(shè)想，所以C選項(xiàng)“如何解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題”正確，A選項(xiàng)“如何使汽車無(wú)污染”和B選項(xiàng)“如何制造更小更安全的汽車”：這是未來(lái)汽車發(fā)展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最關(guān)心的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“如何開發(fā)自動(dòng)化地鐵系統(tǒng)”：文章沒有提到開發(fā)地鐵系統(tǒng)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦連接到軌道上，汽車將由該系統(tǒng)提供電力，汽車的控制將通過(guò)中央計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行。），汽車接到鐵軌上以后就有了電力，所以A選項(xiàng)“鐵軌”正確，計(jì)算機(jī)控制器控制汽車，故D選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)控制器”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可伸縮的機(jī)械臂”：根據(jù)第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一個(gè)可伸縮的機(jī)械臂從自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)向下和鐵軌連接），可知機(jī)械臂不提供電力，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司機(jī)就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鳴器提醒他到下一個(gè)出口。），可知司機(jī)需要聽從系統(tǒng)的提示，按照提示操作，所以D選項(xiàng)“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確，B選項(xiàng)“等待到達(dá)他的目的地”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“保持在右車道行駛”和C選項(xiàng)“與計(jì)算機(jī)中心保持聯(lián)系”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲觀的專家認(rèn)為汽車注定會(huì)被淘汰。），結(jié)合作者下文提出未來(lái)汽車的發(fā)展方向，可知作者不贊同悲觀的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（據(jù)估計(jì)，自動(dòng)化公路每小時(shí)將能夠處理1萬(wàn)輛汽車，而現(xiàn)在的公路只能運(yùn)送1500到2000輛汽車。），在文章最后作者大膽預(yù)料未來(lái)汽車的情況，可知作者看好未來(lái)汽車的發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀”正確，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀”和D選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“熱情”不明顯。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Youcannotexpectpeopletoworkhardunlessyougivethemsomekindof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascination

B.incentive

C.provocation

D.temptation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fascination意為“魅力，著迷”；incentive意為“激勵(lì)，刺激，鼓勵(lì)”；provocation意為“挑釁，挑撥”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”。

句意：你不能指望人們努力工作，除非你給他們一些激勵(lì)。

4.單選題

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpractice

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproducts

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsales

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvain

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.admirable

B.encouraging

C.unconvincing

D.deplorable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesociety

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantage

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-known

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoal

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporations

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibility

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibility

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-making

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.第一段引用了麥當(dāng)勞和美體小鋪的例子來(lái)表明____。

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighqualityA.名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivityB.當(dāng)更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時(shí)，它們只是一種假象

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibilityC.許多公司并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待它們的社會(huì)責(zé)任

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporationsD.社會(huì)責(zé)任從來(lái)不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問(wèn)題

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞McDonald’sandtheBodyShop定位到原文第1段。本段第3句提到“但在本質(zhì)上，對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)，企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任仍然只是一個(gè)品牌問(wèn)題?！本o接著就引用了麥當(dāng)勞和美體小鋪的例子。這兩個(gè)例子的內(nèi)容為“前者雖然推出了更健康的食品，但仍然是消費(fèi)者嘲笑和訴訟的對(duì)象”、“另一方面，美體小鋪的環(huán)保聲譽(yù)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了它在環(huán)保工藝方面的實(shí)際投資?！庇纱丝芍?，作者這么做，是想說(shuō)明許多公司并不是真的要承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任，它們只是想給自己的品牌打造良好的聲譽(yù)。C選項(xiàng)“許多公司并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待它們的社會(huì)責(zé)任”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好”，原文這部分的話題是“社會(huì)責(zé)任”，該選項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時(shí)，它們只是一種假象”，只是麥當(dāng)勞的例子涉及的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，并且原文并沒有提到“損害生產(chǎn)力”的問(wèn)題；

D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)責(zé)任從來(lái)不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”，原文并不是說(shuō)知名企業(yè)完全不關(guān)心社會(huì)責(zé)任，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.KevinJackson教授認(rèn)為____。

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpracticeA.承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任是一種有益的實(shí)踐

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproductsB.許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsalesC.建立聲譽(yù)資本并不會(huì)增加銷售額

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvainD.社會(huì)責(zé)任的努力往往是徒勞的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ProfessorKevinJackson定位到原文第2段。本段第1句提到KevinJackson教授在《建立聲譽(yù)資本》指出“企業(yè)需要對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)（needtobesociallyresponsible），以建立自己的‘聲譽(yù)資本（reputationalcapital）’?！弊詈笠痪涮岬健皳碛写罅看祟愘Y金的（withlotsofsuchcapital）公司將能夠吸引更好的（better）員工，收取更高的（higher）價(jià)格，達(dá)成更好的（better）交易，并吸引更多的（more）投資者?！庇纱丝芍琄evinJackson教授認(rèn)為企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任以建立聲譽(yù)資本，這些資本能給企業(yè)帶來(lái)很多好處，A選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任是一種有益的實(shí)踐”符合原文內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“建立聲譽(yù)資本并不會(huì)增加銷售額”，與原文“收取更高的（higher）價(jià)格，達(dá)成更好的（better）交易”矛盾，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)責(zé)任的努力往往是徒勞的”，與原文提到的很多好處相矛盾，該教授認(rèn)為承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任并不是徒勞的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.作者認(rèn)為Jackson引用的例子____。

A.admirableA.令人欽佩的

B.encouragingB.鼓舞人心的

C.unconvincingC.令人懷疑的

D.deplorableD.令人憤慨的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theexamplescitedbyJackson定位到原文第3段第2句，該句提到“Jackson給出的例子并不完全令人鼓舞（notentirelyencouraging）。”本段最后一句提到“但他的例子并沒有（donot）像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的必要性?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為Jackson引用的例子缺乏說(shuō)服力，C選項(xiàng)“令人懷疑的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“令人欽佩的”，不符合原文，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“鼓舞人心的”，與原文“并不完全令人鼓舞（notentirelyencouraging）”矛盾，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“令人憤慨的”，不符合原文，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.第四段暗示____。

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesocietyA.自愿捐贈(zèng)往往不受社會(huì)的歡迎

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantageB.在社會(huì)責(zé)任方面的聲譽(yù)很可能是一種劣勢(shì)

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-knownC.承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任可以讓一個(gè)公司出名

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoalD.公司的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是利潤(rùn)，而不是社會(huì)責(zé)任

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefourthparagraph定位到原文第4段。本段的行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“總分總”。本段第1句提到“事實(shí)上，如果一家公司開始實(shí)施企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的計(jì)劃，它的聲譽(yù)可能會(huì)變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）?！弊詈笠痪涮岬健耙患覉?jiān)定致力于企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的公司可能會(huì)招致同樣的偽善指責(zé)（chargesofhypocrisy），類似的公司可能會(huì)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任帶來(lái)的麻煩（moretrouble）可能大于它的價(jià)值。”由此可知，第4段暗示的是承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任也可能使聲譽(yù)變差，甚至帶來(lái)麻煩，B選項(xiàng)“在社會(huì)責(zé)任方面的聲譽(yù)很可能是一種劣勢(shì)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“自愿捐贈(zèng)往往不受社會(huì)的歡迎”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任可以讓一個(gè)公司出名”，與原文“它的聲譽(yù)可能會(huì)變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）”矛盾，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“公司的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是利潤(rùn)，而不是社會(huì)責(zé)任”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.本文最佳的標(biāo)題是____。

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporationsA.企業(yè)全球化的目標(biāo)

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibilityB.社會(huì)責(zé)任的負(fù)擔(dān)

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibilityC.企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的必要性

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-makingD.企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤(rùn)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】

1）梳理各段核心句：

第一段：本段第1句，該句提到“盡管企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任（corporatesocialresponsibility）迅速流行起來(lái)，但它的好處尚未得到證實(shí)（itsbenefitsremainunproven）?！笨傤I(lǐng)全文，引出關(guān)于企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任的話題。

第二段：本段第1句，該句提到“Jackson教授在《建立聲譽(yù)資本》提出企業(yè)需要承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任（besociallyresponsible）以建立自己的‘聲譽(yù)資本’（buildtheir‘reputationalcapital’）?！币肑ackson教授的例子，點(diǎn)明企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的好處。

第三段：本段最后一句，該句提到作者認(rèn)為Jackson教授的例子“并沒有（donot）像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的必要性（thenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibility）?！狈治鯦ackson教授的例子，引出關(guān)于企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任是否有必要的思考。

第四段：本段第1句，該句提到“事實(shí)上，如果一家公司開始實(shí)施企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任（corporatesocialresponsibility）的計(jì)劃，它的聲譽(yù)可能會(huì)變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）?！秉c(diǎn)明企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的劣勢(shì)。

第五段：本段第2-3句，這兩句提到“但也有許多人質(zhì)疑企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該以可能的利潤(rùn)為代價(jià)投資于社會(huì)倡議（investinginsocialinitiatives），《建立聲譽(yù)資本》這本書雖然寫得很好，也很嚴(yán)肅，但并不會(huì)讓他們信服?！敝赋鋈藗儗?duì)企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任存在質(zhì)疑。

2）提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞：Corporatesocialresponsibility/besociallyresponsible

綜上所述，本文的最佳標(biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的必要性”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)全球化的目標(biāo)”，沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任”；

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)責(zé)任的負(fù)擔(dān)”，“負(fù)擔(dān)”是劣勢(shì)的一方面，只是本文3-4段的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤(rùn)”，沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任”。

5.單選題

Themanagerthought______theproblemforthreedaysbeforehefinallymadethedecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……上B.in在……里

C.over關(guān)于，翻轉(zhuǎn)D.down向下

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由forthreedays（三天）可知，這個(gè)經(jīng)理是“仔細(xì)考慮”，thinkover為固定搭配，表示“仔細(xì)考慮”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)和think不構(gòu)成搭配；

A選項(xiàng)thinkon（考慮，思量）程度不夠深，排除。

【句意】在最后做出決定之前，經(jīng)理對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題仔細(xì)考慮了三天。

6.單選題

WhileIcouldnot（）thewordsoutsidethethickglasswindows,theirmiddlefingersspokeloudly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wearout

B.setout

C.makeout

D.findout

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)wearout“耗盡、疲乏”；B選項(xiàng)setout“動(dòng)身、出發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)makeout“理解、辨認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)findout“查明、找出”，句意為：厚厚的玻璃窗外的話我聽不清，但他們的中指豎了起來(lái)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.寫作題

Writeashortsummary(about60-80words)ofthefollowingarticle.Thesummaryrestatesthemainideawithoutaddinganycommentsthatexpresspersonalfeelingorresponsestothedetailspresented.Keepinmindthatthepurposeofasummaryofconciserestatementoftheauthor’sideasinyourownwordsistotestyourunderstandingofthearticle.PleasewriteyoursummaryontheAnswerSheet

WhattheU.S.andChineseSchoolSystemsHaveinCommon

02/22/2012BySarahCarr

AmericanswhovisitChineseschoolsquicklyrealizethatmanyofourbeliefsandassumptionsabouteducationholdlittlewaterinChina:IntheUnitedStates,oururbanpublicschoolsperformrelativelypoorly,butinChinatheurbansystemsrateamongthenation’sbest.Hereweoftenregardprivateschoolsasacutabovepublicones(thoughthetruthisfarmurkier),butmostChineseconsiderpublicschoolstobesuperior.Americansviewpubliceducationasacrucialequalizerforademocraticsociety,intheoryatleastbuttheChineseseeitpartlyasameanstosorttheirmassivepopulationinadistinctlyundemocraticfashion.

Despitethesedifferencesofconceit,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemsshareonecommon,definingcharacteristic:theyarebothplaguedbygrossinequalitiesandrampantsegregation.IntheUnitedStates,theseinjusticesfalllargelyalongracialandclasslines:poor,minoritystudentsaremorelikelytoattendhighlysegregatedschools;theirschoolsaremorelikelytosufferfromalackofresources;andtheirteachersaremorelikelytobeinexperienced.

TheChineseeducationsystem,too,featuresethnicandclassinequities.ButevenmoresothanintheUnitedStates,geographyandbirthplaceequaleducationaldestiny.AsSarahButrymowiczofTheHechingerReportdocumentedinarecentarticle,millionsofschoolchildrenhavemigratedtocitiesinrecentyearswiththeirjob-huntingparents.Oncethere,theyoftenfindthemselvesineligibletoattendgovernment-runschools,particularlythebestones.Anunknownnumberwindupinsub-par,pseudo-privateschoolcateringtothemigrantpopulation.

HenanChang,anassistantprofessorinLoyolaUniversityChicago'sSchoolofEducationwhohasstudiedtheoutcomesofmigrantschoolchildreninKunming,saidmostofthem“havenointeractionwhatsoeverwiththelocalresidents.Theyliveintheirownbubbles.Theirplaymates,theirschoolmatesthey'reallmigrantsthemselves.”

ButrymowicznotesthatthesedisparitiestaintedChina'srecentdomineeringperformanceoninternationalassessmentsinreading,mathandsciencebecausemanypublicschoolsdonotadmitmigrantstudents.WhenShanghai15-year-oldsoutperformedtherestoftheworldin2010,observerswonderediftheirsuccessstemmedatleastinpartfromexclusionary,segregationistpractices.AfterItoldafriendofminewhogrewupinChinaabouttheinternationalrankings,hequippedthatpublic-schoolstudentsinShanghaiarecomparabletoprivate-schoolstudentsonManhattan'sUpperEastSideintermsoftheirwealthandprivilege.Shakinghishead,henotedthatnoonewouldtakeDaltonorBrearley—twooftheBigApple'smosteliteprivateschools—asrepresentativeofthewholeUnitedStates.

In2006,IspentseveralweeksinChinarepottingonthecountry’sschools,focusinginparticularontheeducationofmigrantchildrenlivinginBeijing.InAmerica,everyoneaskedmeifChineseschoolshadleftusinthedust,whileinChinaeveryoneaskedmeifAmericanschoolshadlefttheminthedust.AmericansreveredtheChinesemasteryofbasicsubjectssuchasmathandgeography,whiletheChineseextolledtheAmericanemphasisoncreativityandnurturingindividualtalent.

AmericanstalkedaboutthestrikingdisciplineofChinesestudents,whiletheChinesewonderedwhytheyhadnotyetwonmoreNobleprizes.Nobodyineithercountryframedtheirfearsaboutinternationalcompetitivenessintermsofinequality,however.

Bothnationsdowellbytheirmostprivilegedandfortunatestudents.InChina,theyattendwell-resources,state-of-the-artgovernmentschoolsthatemploysomeofthecountry’sbestteachers.InAmerica,theirfamiliespossessthemoneyandfreedomtomovetoregionswherepublicschoolsexcel,ortoenrollinanynumberofwealthyprivateschools.

Foreithercountry,winningtheglobalcompetitionwilldependlessonchangesmadefortheelitesthechildrenofthe1percent.Ultimately,successwilldependontheirleaders’interestandfortitudeinaddressingtheopportunitygapsthatpersistthroughouttheirschools.Whenitcomestoeducation,that’sthesingle,indelibletraitthatbothcountrieshavelongshared.

【答案】【參考范文】

AmericansandChineseholddifferentviewsoneducationsystem.InAmerica,peoplethinkprivateschoolsisthebestchoice,whileChinesehaveadifferentopinion.Despitethedifferences,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemshavesomethingincommon—unfairofeducation.InAmerica,theseinjusticesisreflectedinracialandclass;inChina,itshowsmoreinregionaldifference.Thehigh-qualityeducationcanonlybenefittheminorityinbothcountries.

Inordertowintheglobalcompetition,theirleadersshouldpaymoreattentiontoclosetheopportunitygaps.

8.單選題

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause（

）

4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anewregulationforallairlines

B.thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems

B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding

C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers

D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

D.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane

B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith

C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethatsameeffectsinlabs

D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassenger’useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C.hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開篇第一句話點(diǎn)明主旨:Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass(如今航空公司面臨的最大的安全威脅可能不是持槍的恐怖分子，而是商務(wù)艙里帶著便攜式電腦的乘客)。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference(在過(guò)去的15年中，飛行員報(bào)告說(shuō)100多起事故可能由電磁干擾引起的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights(由于許多乘客想在飛行期間工作，多數(shù)航空公司不愿意執(zhí)行全面禁令)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第三段給出了原因:But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.(由于他們無(wú)法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中重現(xiàn)這些效應(yīng)，他們無(wú)法知道干擾是否有危險(xiǎn))。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章大意，可以看出作者的態(tài)度。

9.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敵人”；rival“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”；opponent“反對(duì)者”。句意：雖然他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)球賽場(chǎng)上是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，但是他們私底下是好朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generatenewseeds

B.newseedsgenerated

C.generatesnewseeds

D.newseedsaregenerated

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。本句的that用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞seeds，定語(yǔ)從句中有三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作：fall，takeroot，generate；三個(gè)動(dòng)作形式保持一致，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenwespeakofprogressinconnectionwithourindividualendeavorsoranyorganizedhumaneffort,wemeananadvancetowardaknowngoal.Itisnotinthissensethatsocialevolutioncanbecalledprogress,foritisnotachievedbyhumanreasonstrivingbyknownmeanstowardafixedaim.Itwouldbemorecorrecttothinkof