考研考博-英語-威海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-威海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

都市寸土千金，地價炒得越來越高，今后將更高。擁有一個小小花園的希望，對尋常之輩不啻一種奢望，一種夢想。

我想，其實誰都有一個小小的花園，這便是我們的內(nèi)心世界。人的智力需開發(fā)，人的內(nèi)心世界也是需要開發(fā)的，人和動物的區(qū)別，除了眾所周知的諸多方面，恐怕還在于人有內(nèi)心世界，心不過是人的一個重要臟器，而內(nèi)心世界是一種景觀，它是由外部世界不斷作用于內(nèi)心漸漸形成的，每個人都無比關(guān)注自己及至親至愛之人心臟的健損，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可終日。但并非每個人都關(guān)注自己及至親至愛人的內(nèi)心世界的陰晴。

【答案】參考譯文：

Urbanspaceishighlyratedandthepricekeepssoaring.Thehopeforasmallgardenisluxuryforthecommonpeople.

However,Ithinkeveryonehasasmallgardenwithinourminds.Ourintelligenceneeddevelopment,sodoourinnerworld.Thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimals,inadditiontothewell-knownaspects,liesinourinnerworlds.Thephysicallyheartisonlyanimportantorganofhumanbeings,whiletheinnerworldisakindoflandscape,whichisgraduallyformedbythecontinuousactionoftheouterforces.Everyoneisextremelyconcernedaboutthehealthoflovedone’sheart,sothataslightdiseasewillmakehimanxiousalldaylong.Butnoteveryonepaysattentiontotheinnerworldoftheirbeloved.

2.單選題

Thecompanyhas（

）itsoperationsinStamfordbyopeninganewbranchofficethere.

問題1選項

A.enlarged

B.expanded

C.extended

D.contracted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通過開設(shè)分公司，這家公司擴大了其在斯坦福德的運營規(guī)模。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。Enlarge使增大，擴展（主要指面積或體積等的擴大）;expand擴張,使膨脹（指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴大或增加）;extend延伸，擴大，推廣（指時間或空間的延長）;contract訂約,使縮短。由關(guān)鍵詞operations可知這里指擴大運營規(guī)模。故選B。

3.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說，隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來越重要。

他告訴記者：“對身體機能正常運轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說：“有強有力的證據(jù)表明，一個人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對那些50歲以上的人來說尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

4.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

問題1選項

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

問題2選項

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

問題3選項

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

問題4選項

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

問題5選項

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村莊都設(shè)有自己的防衛(wèi)。每個家族都有自己的仇恨，每個部落都有宿仇。無數(shù)部落和部落聯(lián)合體都有自己的理由與其他部落清算。人們不會忘記任何事情，并且有仇必報。所以這里的債務(wù)是指宿仇和仇殺。選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地豐饒，只要些許勞作就足以供養(yǎng)稀少人口的物質(zhì)需求。所以人口并不多。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步槍的便捷受到了前所未有的歡迎。這個在1500碼遠(yuǎn)的地方可精確殺死對手的武器給每一個能擁有它的家庭或家族帶來了新的希望。所以帕坦人是歡迎步槍這種武器的引入的。選項A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他們通過威脅恐嚇、堡壘、補助等方式來確保這些道路的安全。所以沒有減少補貼，可排除選項C。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英國政府要求沿路周圍的人們保持安靜，不許相互射殺，所以帕坦部落并沒有過著安靜的生活，可排除選項D。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗爭都源于這些道路的修建，一系列的爭吵并沒有結(jié)束，排除選項A。選項B符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段主要介紹了印度邊境的環(huán)境和活動，第二段提到了步槍引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了歡迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人對英國政府的不滿，并且講到了帕坦部落對英國政府的修路意圖尤其憎恨，這也是一切斗爭的根源。由此可見，本文主要介紹了帕坦部落的生活環(huán)境，對步槍的喜愛以及對英國政府的憎惡等各方面的內(nèi)容。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

問題1選項

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

問題2選項

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

問題3選項

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

問題4選項

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

問題5選項

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在強調(diào)change。所以選項D改變是必不可少的為正確答案。選項A和C在文章中沒有提及,選項D包含了選項B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段農(nóng)民的例子是為了說明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以選項C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以選A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)有好也有壞,所以選項A和D錯誤,選項C中must太絕對,并不是所有傳統(tǒng)的向?qū)Ф际钦_的。選項B過度的推崇傳統(tǒng)可能會給我們帶來麻煩,所以選項B正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要是講change,第二段主要是講tradition,所以文章主要討論的是傳統(tǒng)和變革的關(guān)系。

6.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問題1選項

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問題2選項

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會集中支持基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究？），具體介紹基礎(chǔ)研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實際問題而進行的，它具有吸引力，因為可以直接看到和享受成果。），具體講述應(yīng)用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進行對比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究”。因此D選項正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，因此D選項正確。

排除干擾項

A選項“基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性”：基礎(chǔ)研究僅僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項“對X射線的不了解”：關(guān)鍵詞X-rays對應(yīng)第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個例子用來支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無法預(yù)料基礎(chǔ)研究的實際應(yīng)用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項“應(yīng)用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結(jié)了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因為這些能迅速帶來利益），可知工業(yè)界因為應(yīng)用研究帶來的好處而關(guān)注它，B選項“立刻帶來利益”正確。

排除干擾項

A選項“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項“排斥基礎(chǔ)研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應(yīng)用研究往往會排斥基礎(chǔ)研究。），這里指出的是基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的關(guān)系，沒有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項“解決實際問題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實際問題而進行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應(yīng)用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應(yīng)用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

7.翻譯題

人類文明——任何形式的人類文明，都可以說是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個階段是語言，有了語言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識。然后便是記寫，記寫提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強的方法，來收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒有給能源或稀少的材料造成負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價格越來越便宜。只需要看袖珍計算器，微型計算機，電子表和電子游戲機，便可知道確實是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

8.單選題

Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadchance?

問題1選項

A.washegoingtodo

B.hewoulddo

C.hehaddone

D.hehadtodo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：他有沒有告訴你如果有機會他會怎么做？What到句尾是賓語從句，其中if引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。根據(jù)if引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句采用一般過去時態(tài)，確定do的動作有過去的含義；根據(jù)語境可知是在將來做do的動作，確定do的動作有將來的含義，所以用過去將來時，B選項hewoulddo符合題意。A選項washegoingtodo語序錯誤，was應(yīng)該在he后面。C選項hehaddone和D選項hehadtodo時態(tài)錯誤。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Asenseofsmellissomethingwearebornwith.Orisit?

Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatthecommonsenseviewwaswrong:researchhadsuggestedthatwelearntodistinguishbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsbyexperience.Fromearlyexperimentsthatinvolvedaskingchildrenbetweenthreeandfiveyearsoldwhattheythoughtofcertainsmells,researchersconcludedthatchildrenmustlearntheirappreciationofpleasantandunpleasantsmellsastheygetolder,ratherthanbeingbornwithit.Oneofthemostsurprisingresultsofthesetestswasthatthechildrensaidtheylikedthesmelloffaecesnearlyasoftenastheysaidtheylikedbanana.

PsychologistHilarySchmidtunderstandablyfoundthisresearchhardtoaccept.Shelookedatthewaythetestswereconducted,andappliedlessonsfromotherworkonchildpsychologytodesignherownexperiments.Shenotedthatchildrenyoungerthanfivewilloftenanswer‘Yes’toleadingquestionseveniftheanswersarecontradictory.Shethereforedecidedtosetherexperimentupasagame.SheaskedthechildreniftheywouldgiveaparticularsmellythingtoOscartheGrouch,apopulartelevisioncharacterwholivesinadustbinandlikes‘smelly’things,ortoBigBird,anothertelevisioncharacterwholikes‘nice’things.Shefoundthatthechildrendistinguishedbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsinmuchthesamewayasanadult.Withthehelpofyoungerandyoungersubjects,shehopestoshedlightontheimportanceoftheinheritedcomponentofthesense.

Childrenyoungerthansevenoreightarenotoriouslybadatrecognizingwhatanobjectisfromitsshapealone.Schmidtpointstoanexperimentshehascarriedoutwithchildrenunderfivewhoweregivenalargestyrofoamballandasmall,butheavy,leadballtocompare.Aftertheyhadachancetofeelthetwo,shetooktheballsaway,andshowedthemanotherpairofStyrofoamandleadball.Whensheaskedthemwhichofthetwowouldbetheheavier,theyinvariablypointedtotheStyrofoamballjustbecauseitwasbigger.Despitetheirearlierexperience,theyhadnotgraspedtheideaofwhatanobjectismadeof—itssubstance—aswellassizeandshape.Butinotherexperimentswhensheintroducedodors,shefoundthatchildrenunderfiveunderstoodthatsmellwasanimportantcharacteristicofsubstance,andchildrencoulduseascenttorecognizesubstanceirrespectiveoftheshapeorsizeinwhichitwaspresentedtothem.

Schmidthasalsofoundthatgirlsaremoresensitivetosmellthanboys.Thesexdifferenceiswellknowninadults,butnotinchildren.Explainingthedifferenceinadultshascenteredonthesuggestionthatasgirlsgetolder,theytendtotakepartinactivitiessuchascooking,whichtrainthemtodistinguishbetweensmells.Anothersuggestionwasthatafterpuberty,femalehormonesbringaboutsomechangeintheolfactoryequipment.ButSchmidt’sobservationsthatthesexdifferenceexistsinchildrendoesnotfitinwitheitherexplanation.

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.

問題1選項

A.acquired

B.trained

C.inherent

D.tested

問題2選項

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.

問題3選項

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobject

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshape

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballs

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeof

問題4選項

A.pupils

B.adults

C.children

D.researchers

問題5選項

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmelling

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayarole

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildren

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurtured

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項釋義】

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.31.根據(jù)文章，眾所周知，我們的嗅覺是______。

A.acquiredA.后天習(xí)得的

B.trainedB.訓(xùn)練出來的

C.inherentC.與生俱來的

D.testedD.被測試的

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“研究表明，我們通過經(jīng)驗（byexperience）學(xué)會區(qū)分令人愉悅的和令人不快的氣味”，從中我們可知，嗅覺是后天通過經(jīng)驗獲得的。所以，A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項與文章相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項只是實驗內(nèi)容，屬于出處錯位。

32.【選項釋義】

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?32.希拉里?施密特最有可能同意哪一個？

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.A.孩子們相互矛盾的回答讓人難以理解。

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.B.游戲中的孩子對提示性問題的反應(yīng)更快。

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.C.小一點的孩子的嗅覺比大一點的孩子強。

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.D.在實驗中，孩子們的答案有時是不可靠的。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第三句“她指出，五歲以下的孩子通常會回答‘是’，即使答案是矛盾的”，從中可知，即便答案可能是矛盾的，孩子們在回答時通常都會回答“是”，從而推斷，孩子們的答案并不是可靠的。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位第三段第一句“心理學(xué)家希拉里?施密特認(rèn)為這項研究難以接受是可以理解的（understandably）”可知，該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項在文中并沒有進行比較，屬于無中生有。

33.【選項釋義】

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.33.施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒灡砻?，更小的孩子______。

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobjectA.在判斷物體時依賴于早期的經(jīng)驗

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshapeB.對大小、重量和形狀不敏感

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballsC.無法識別聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球的大小

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeofD.能夠理解球是由什么制成的

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管他們有過早期的經(jīng)驗，但他們并不了解物體是由什么物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，也不了解物體的大小和形狀”，從中我們可知，施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒灡砻?，更小的孩子在判斷物體時對物體的大小、重量和形狀都不了解。因此，B項最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的早期經(jīng)驗并不是孩子們判斷物體的依據(jù)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

34.【選項釋義】

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.34.第三段的subjects一詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.pupilsA.小學(xué)生

B.adultsB.成年人

C.childrenC.孩子

D.researchersD.研究員

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句“在越來越年輕的研究對象的幫助下，她希望闡明嗅覺的遺傳成分的重要性”，結(jié)合上一句“她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們能像成年人一樣區(qū)分好聞和壞聞”，從中我們可知，這項研究的對象是children；綜合理解，第三段的subjects指的就是孩子。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項文中沒提到，屬于無中生有；

B、D選項并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項釋義】

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.35.從文章的最后一句話，我們可以推斷施密特可能______。

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmellingA.推翻了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于性別差異的嗅覺理論

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayaroleB.支持荷爾蒙起作用的第二種解釋

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildrenC.認(rèn)為成熟的女孩對氣味的敏感性不如兒童

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurturedD.同意兒童嗅覺的敏感度是后天培養(yǎng)的

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，定位至文章最后一句“但施密特關(guān)于兒童存在性別差異的觀察并不符合這兩種解釋”，其中的兩種解釋是指上文提到的關(guān)于性別差異對于嗅覺敏感度的影響在兒童中并不明顯的原因：一種認(rèn)為女孩參加諸如烹飪之類的活動可以訓(xùn)練她們分辨氣味；另一種認(rèn)為女性荷爾蒙會使嗅覺器官發(fā)生一些變化。綜合理解可知，施密特對于兒童性別差異的觀察研究推翻了女孩比男孩對氣味更敏感這兩種解釋，A選項意思與之相近。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B、C選項與原文不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項與該段沒有聯(lián)系，屬于出處錯位。

10.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationofthe