考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblankasanticipation（）nothingness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashesinto

B.squeezesinto

C.fadesinto

D.jamsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)smashinto表示“猛撞在……”；B選項(xiàng)squeezeinto表示“擠入；硬塞進(jìn)……”；C選項(xiàng)fadeinto表示“漸漸融入于……，逐漸變成……”；D選項(xiàng)jaminto表示“擠進(jìn)”。根據(jù)Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblank（個(gè)人的未來變得渺茫，成為空白）可知，期望應(yīng)當(dāng)是逐漸變成虛無，故C項(xiàng)fadeinto符合語境。句意：當(dāng)期望逐漸變得虛無，個(gè)人的未來也會(huì)變得渺茫，成為空白。

2.單選題

Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour（

）orcarloan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complication

B.revenue

C.mortgage

D.chasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥；混亂；復(fù)雜化”；B選項(xiàng)revenue“稅收收入；收益”；C選項(xiàng)mortgage“抵押；按揭”；D選項(xiàng)chasm“峽谷；分歧”。句意：當(dāng)你嘗試開立一個(gè)新的銀行或信用卡賬戶時(shí)，你可能已經(jīng)看到了這一點(diǎn)。你會(huì)被問到一些選擇題，要求核實(shí)你的汽車貸款或……是從哪里來的。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Newparentsareannoying.Theythinkyouwanttohearabouteverygurgleandbaby-step.Butitcouldbeworse.Whenyourbosshasasprog,watchyourwallet.

AstudytobepublishednextmonthinAdministrativeScienceQuarterlylooksatwhathappenstoworkers’paywhenamalebosshasachild.ResearcherstrackedsalariesateveryfirminDenmarkwithmorethantenemployeesbetween1996and2006.(Theyconfinedthemselvestomalebossespartlybecausethesampleoffemalebosseswastoosmall.)

Malebosses,itturnsout,paythemselvessignificantlymoreoncetheybecomefathers.Evenaftercontrollingforfactorssuchasage,lengthoftenureandtheperformanceofthefirm,thestudyfoundthatbosseswithdaughterspaythemselves3.5%morethanchildlessones.Iftheyhaveason,thatincreasestoahefty6.4%.DavidRossofColumbiaBusinessSchool,oneoftheauthors,saysallfathersfeeladutytosupporttheirfamilies.Forgruntsthismeansworkingharder.Bosseshavethemoreagreeableoptionofraisingtheirownwages.

Thisisbadnewsforunderlings.Thatextramoneycomesoutofworkers’pockets,thestudyfinds.Staffemployedbyafatheristypicallypaidless.Theamountdependsonsuchthingsasthesexofthebabyandwhetheritishisfirstchild.Maleemployeesbearthegrunt:iftheboss’schildisason,forexample,theycanexpect0.5%lesssalarythanifhehadn’treproduced.

Femalestafffarebetter.Aftertheirboss’sfirstchild,theycanexpecttobepaidalittlemore.Mr.Rossspeculatesthatthismightbebecause,havingseentheirwivesgothroughchildbirth,theystarttorespectwomenmore.Alas,suchgoodwilldoesn’tlast.Oncethebosshasasecondchild,femaleworkers’wagesarelikelytofall,justlikemen’s.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdescribesthestudyCORRECTLY?

2.Accordingtothepassage,oncetheybecomefathers,malebossestendto______.

3.Thestudyrevealsthatuponsteppingintofatherhood,______.

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Maleemployeesbearthegrunt”inparagraph4mean?

5.Aftertheboss’sfirstchild,comparedwithmales,femaleworkersare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasconductedbyaDenmarkfirm.

B.Itwasalarge-scaleandlongitudinalstudy.

C.Itwasasystematicandtime-consumingstudy.

D.Ittrackedthesalariesoftenemployeesfromeveryfirm.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.paymoretothosewithsons

B.makethefirmearnmoremoney

C.differduetofactorssuchasageetc.

D.takemoremoneyfromtheirunderlings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.employeesneedtoworkharderthanbosses

B.bossesandemployeesdifferintheiroptionsofduty

C.bothbossesandemployeesneedtoearnmoremoney

D.bossesaremoreagreeablethanemployees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Maleemployeesareangry.

B.Maleemployeessuffermost.

C.Maleemployeesdifferfromothers.

D.Maleemployeescomplainaboutthesituation.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inadifferentsituation

B.paidalittlebitmore

C.morerespected

D.justlikemen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdescribesthestudyCORRECTLY?1.根據(jù)文章，關(guān)于這項(xiàng)研究下列哪項(xiàng)描述是正確的？

A.ItwasconductedbyaDenmarkfirm.A.它是由一家丹麥公司進(jìn)行的。

B.Itwasalarge-scaleandlongitudinalstudy.B.這是一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的縱向研究。

C.Itwasasystematicandtime-consumingstudy.C.這是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)而耗時(shí)的研究。

D.Ittrackedthesalariesoftenemployeesfromeveryfirm.D.它跟蹤調(diào)查了每家公司十名員工的工資。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“下月即將在《行政管理學(xué)季刊》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告顯示，當(dāng)男性雇主有了孩子之后，員工的薪水會(huì)發(fā)生怎樣的變化。1996年至2006年間，研究人員在丹麥對(duì)所有雇員人數(shù)十人以上的公司的員工薪水進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查（調(diào)查范圍限于男性雇主，部分原因是由于女性雇主的樣本過?。??！笨芍?，這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)丹麥所有雇員超過十人的公司都進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，目的是比較員工的薪水在男性雇主有孩子之后有什么變化規(guī)律，這是一種縱向分析的調(diào)查，所以推斷這項(xiàng)研究是一項(xiàng)大型的縱向研究，縱向研究(longitudinalstudy)也叫追蹤研究，是指在一段相對(duì)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)同一個(gè)或同一批被試進(jìn)行重復(fù)的研究。B項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的縱向研究”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它是由一家丹麥公司進(jìn)行的”文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)而耗時(shí)的研究”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這項(xiàng)研究跨度十年，是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)的研究，但是文中并沒有依據(jù)能推斷這項(xiàng)研究是系統(tǒng)的，所以該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“它追蹤了每家公司十名員工的工資”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查的是員工超過十人的公司的員工薪水，不是每家公司十名員工的工資，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,oncetheybecomefathers,malebossestendto______.2.根據(jù)這篇文章，男性老板一旦成為父親，他們往往會(huì)______。

A.paymoretothosewithsonsA.給那些有兒子的人更多的錢

B.makethefirmearnmoremoneyB.讓公司賺更多的錢

C.differduetofactorssuchasageetc.C.因年齡等因素而不同

D.takemoremoneyfromtheirunderlingsD.從下屬那里拿走更多的錢

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“事實(shí)證明，男性雇主在成為父親之后，會(huì)對(duì)自己的薪酬更加慷慨”，以及第四段第二句“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超出的這部分錢來自員工的口袋”，綜合理解可知，男性雇主一旦成為父親，他們會(huì)給自己加薪，但是這部分錢卻是來自于員工，所以D項(xiàng)“從下屬那里拿走更多的錢”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“給那些有兒子的人更多的錢”根據(jù)第四段第三句“已為人父的老板手下員工的工資通常相對(duì)較低”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“讓公司賺更多的錢”沒有提及，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“因年齡等因素而不同”根據(jù)第三段第二句“盡管此項(xiàng)研究對(duì)年齡、任職時(shí)間、公司業(yè)績(jī)等因素進(jìn)行了控制，但還是發(fā)現(xiàn)，生女兒的老板付給自己的薪酬比沒有孩子的老板高出百分之三點(diǎn)五”可知，即便進(jìn)行了年齡等因素的控制，研究還是發(fā)現(xiàn)男性雇主成為父親之后就會(huì)給自己加薪，也就是說這不受年齡等因素的影響，所以該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Thestudyrevealsthatuponsteppingintofatherhood,______.3.研究顯示，當(dāng)成為父親后，______。

A.employeesneedtoworkharderthanbossesA.員工需要比老板更努力工作

B.bossesandemployeesdifferintheiroptionsofdutyB.老板和雇員的職責(zé)選擇不同

C.bothbossesandemployeesneedtoearnmoremoneyC.老板和員工都需要賺更多的錢

D.bossesaremoreagreeablethanemployeesD.老板比員工更討人喜歡

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“該研究報(bào)告的作者之一哥倫比亞商學(xué)院的DavidRoss表示，所有父親都會(huì)感到有掙錢養(yǎng)家的責(zé)任”可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)男性成為了父親，不管是老板還是普通員工都需要賺更多的錢養(yǎng)家，C項(xiàng)“老板和員工都需要賺更多的錢”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“員工需要比老板更努力工作”根據(jù)解題思路可知，老板和員工都一樣要努力賺錢，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“老板和雇員的職責(zé)選擇不同”和D項(xiàng)“老板比員工更討人喜歡”沒有提及，這兩項(xiàng)無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Maleemployeesbearthegrunt”inparagraph4mean?4.第四段中“Maleemployeesbearthebrunt”這句話是什么意思？

A.Maleemployeesareangry.A.男員工很生氣。

B.Maleemployeessuffermost.B.男性員工遭受的損失最大。

C.Maleemployeesdifferfromothers.C.男性員工與其他員工不同。

D.Maleemployeescomplainaboutthesituation.D.男員工抱怨這種情況。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段最后一句“男性雇員bearthebrunt：譬如說，如果老板的孩子是兒子，預(yù)計(jì)男員工的工資可能會(huì)比老板沒有孩子的情況少0.5%”，從中可知，如果男性雇主的孩子是兒子，那么雇主將增加自己的薪酬，而這部分額外的薪酬來自于員工，男性員工的工資會(huì)比沒有孩子的男性雇主少，也就是說男性員工將承受損失，故推斷Maleemployeesbearthebrunt表達(dá)的意思是“男性首當(dāng)其沖地受到工資低的待遇”，故B項(xiàng)“男性員工遭受的損失最大”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“男員工很生氣”、C項(xiàng)“男性員工與其他員工不同”和D項(xiàng)“男員工抱怨這種情況”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Aftertheboss’sfirstchild,comparedwithmales,femaleworkersare______.5.老板生完第一個(gè)孩子后，與男性相比，女性員工_____。

A.inadifferentsituationA.所處境遇不同

B.paidalittlebitmoreB.工資要稍微高一些

C.morerespectedC.更受尊重

D.justlikemenD.和男性員工一樣

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“女性員工要好過一些。老板有了第一個(gè)孩子以后，預(yù)計(jì)她們的工資可能會(huì)提高一點(diǎn)?！笨芍?，老板生完第一個(gè)孩子后，與男性相比，女性員工的待遇會(huì)好一點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)“所處境遇不同”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“工資要稍微高一些”，文中只提到女性工資會(huì)有所增加，并沒有說明是否比男性員工的工資高，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“更受尊重”根據(jù)最后一段第三句“羅斯先生猜測(cè)，這可能是因?yàn)閯倓偪吹狡拮咏?jīng)歷分娩，老板開始更加尊重婦女的原因”可知，受到尊重只是羅斯的個(gè)人猜測(cè)，該項(xiàng)出處錯(cuò)位；

D項(xiàng)“和男性員工一樣”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.單選題

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。。innovate“改革”；inhabit“棲息”；integrate“使融人”；inherit“繼承”。句意：作為一名優(yōu)秀的攝影師，你必須形成一種意識(shí)，留意你所處的世界和棲息在這世界上的人們。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.寫作題

Directions:“GoWest,YoungMan”wasapopularsayingofthe19centuryintheUnitedStates,referringtoopportunitiesonthefrontier.TodayinChina,thereisalsoagreatneedforpatrioticandenergeticyoungpeopletogowestandmakecontributionstothewesternregiondevelopment.WriteontheAnswerSheetanessayofabout150wordstodiscussthesignificanceofthedevelopmentofWestChina.ThesuggestedtitleisGoWest,RevitalizeOurNation.

【答案】GoWest,RevitalizeOurNation

ThewesternregiondevelopmentisakeymovetheStateCouncilhastaken,toachievethebalanceandco-ordinatedevelopmentofeconomyinthedifferenceregionalloverChina.Itcancontributetonationalemploymentaswellaseconomicgrowthofthewesternregion.Therefore,thewesternregionisingreatneedforanarmyoftalentswhowillbededicatedtotheiryouthandblood,inparticular,earlierstageofdevelopment.

Forthewesternprogressandprosperity,youngpeopleshouldcatchthechancetobecomepioneersthereandtoachievetheirownvalueratherthanenjoygoodlivingconditionincities.Thereexistavarietyofresourcestoberequiredforexploitingandutilizing.Thereitisfullofbusinessopportunitiestodemonstrateyourabilityandmakeyourdreamcometrue.

Ifyouareafreshgraduate,ifyouaspiretodobigthings,ifyoucommityourselftorevitalizingournation,gotothewesternregionwhereitsdevelopmentcan4carryonwithoutyourknowledge,enthusiasmanddevotion.Thewestcallsforyou!Youngpeople.

6.單選題

Shegetsalongverywellwitheveryone,sosheisthemost（

）memberofourfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rusty

B.impetuous

C.congenial

D.imperious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rusty意為“生銹的，腐蝕的”；impetuous意為“魯莽的，沖動(dòng)的，輕率的”；congenial意為“意氣相投的，情趣相投的，合得來的”；imperious意為“專橫的，蠻橫的，盛氣凌人的”。由前面的Shegetsalongverywellwitheveryone（她和大家相處得很好）可知她是個(gè)容易相處的人，因此選C。

句意：她和大家相處得很好，所以她是我們家最容易相處的人。

7.單選題

Researchersinthesocialsciencesmayoftenhave（）theirscopetothosenarrowlycircumscribedtopicsthatarewellsuitedtoquantitativemethods.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diminished

B.enlarged

C.limited

D.expanded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；B選項(xiàng)enlarge“擴(kuò)大，增大”；C選項(xiàng)limit“限制”；D選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張”。根據(jù)下文的“narrowlycircumscribedtopics”可推測(cè)，這里填入選項(xiàng)C符合語境。句意：社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究人員可能經(jīng)常將他們的研究范圍限制在那些非常適合定量方法的狹窄限定的課題上。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)purpose“目的（經(jīng)過考慮而要做某事的意圖）”；B選項(xiàng)view“風(fēng)景；視野”；C選項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)（想要通過一段時(shí)間的努力而在未來實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的意圖）”；D選項(xiàng)reason“理由，原因”。句意：他們買那塊地的______是要建一座新的辦公大樓。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是現(xiàn)在買地，買地是為了以后建辦公大樓，A選項(xiàng)purpose符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”；B選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”；C選項(xiàng)productivity“生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)能力”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)，而更多地是一種責(zé)任，這一觀點(diǎn)引起了公眾更多的關(guān)注。本句關(guān)鍵詞liability在句中表示“責(zé)任”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A選項(xiàng)最合適，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto（）togetherinresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。specialize“使專門化”；participate“參與”；consist“由…組成”;involve“包含，牽涉”。句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)特色是學(xué)生和老師都有機(jī)會(huì)一起參與研究活動(dòng)。B項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案B。

11.單選題

AUNreportsaysthatmalnutritionisoneofthecommon______ofthepoorinAfrica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affections

B.appeasements

C.afflictions

D.attainments

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情，影響”，B項(xiàng)appeasement“緩和，平息，姑息”，C項(xiàng)affliction“苦難，苦惱，折磨”，D項(xiàng)attainment“達(dá)到，成就，學(xué)識(shí)”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少一個(gè)表語修飾主語malnutrition“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“苦難，折磨”符合語境。句意：一份聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告稱，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良是非洲窮人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.regardlessof

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Inlinewith“符合，與······一致”；intermsof“依據(jù)，根據(jù)，在······方面”；regardlessof“不顧，不管”；bymeansof“借助于，憑借”。根據(jù)句意“一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富應(yīng)該依據(jù)人民的健康和幸福以及它所生產(chǎn)的商品來衡量”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國(guó)人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道，奧運(yùn)和中國(guó)有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

14.單選題

Inthe1700sNorthAmericancolonistsproclaimedtheirwealthandsocial（）bywearingelaboratestockings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.events

C.organization

D.status

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任；職責(zé)”，B選項(xiàng)events“事件；大事”，C選項(xiàng)organization“組織；機(jī)構(gòu)”，D選項(xiàng)status“地位；狀態(tài)”；根據(jù)句意我們知道穿長(zhǎng)筒襪是殖民者炫耀自己地位的一種手段，因此答案為D。句意為：在18世紀(jì)，北美殖民者通過穿著精心制作的長(zhǎng)筒襪來展示他們的財(cái)富和社會(huì)地位。

15.單選題

JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausetherelationshiphasbecome（

）tohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears’association.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integral

B.unilateral

C.rational

D.hierarchical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:日本依然和西方保持著關(guān)系，因?yàn)檫@層關(guān)系是他40年社交出來經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的不可分割的一部分。

integral構(gòu)成整體所必需的，完整的。unilateral單邊的；［植］單側(cè)的；單方面的。rational合理的；理性的。hierarchical分層的；等級(jí)體系的。

16.單選題

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.

WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes23-27onyourAnswerSheet.

1.Adevelopedsystemofnumbering（）.

2.Anadditionalhandsignal（）.

3.Inseventh-centuryEurope,theabilitytocounttoacertainnumber（）.

4.Thinkingaboutnumbersasconceptsseparatefromphysicalobjects（）.

5.Expressingnumberdifferentlyaccordingtoclassofitem（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:E

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段，“Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.”，可知當(dāng)他們開始定居、種植植物和放牧動(dòng)物時(shí)，對(duì)復(fù)雜的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的需求變得至關(guān)重要?？膳袛喑鲆环N發(fā)達(dá)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)對(duì)于開始農(nóng)作的人們來說是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在實(shí)際情況中，數(shù)字和單詞往往伴隨著手勢(shì)，以幫助解決任何困惑?？膳袛喑鲱~外的手勢(shì)信號(hào)也是有必要的，當(dāng)數(shù)字有限時(shí)，可以幫助解除困惑。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.”，可知在數(shù)字單詞和表達(dá)有限的情況可追溯到歐洲的語言的早期版本。可判斷出當(dāng)數(shù)字單詞的范圍被限制時(shí)，可以使用手勢(shì)信號(hào)，這種情況可以追溯到早期的歐洲語言。選項(xiàng)E符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!”，可知七世紀(jì)歐洲的普通人對(duì)數(shù)字并不像我們今天這樣熟悉。事實(shí)上，要想成為法庭上的證人，一個(gè)人必須能夠數(shù)到九?？膳袛喑鲈谄呤兰o(jì)的歐洲，一定的數(shù)數(shù)能力是履行公民角色的必要條件。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.”，可知當(dāng)數(shù)字4在大腦中被看作一個(gè)獨(dú)立于引用對(duì)象的特定概念時(shí)，就邁出了發(fā)展數(shù)字符號(hào)系統(tǒng)的第一步，然后開始發(fā)展成為算術(shù)?？膳袛喑霭褦?shù)字看作是獨(dú)立于物理對(duì)象的概念對(duì)于算術(shù)的發(fā)展是必要的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted.”，可知今天，我們可以在幾種現(xiàn)存的語言中看到記數(shù)發(fā)展的最初階段的痕跡。不列顛哥倫比亞省的Tsimshian語言的記數(shù)系統(tǒng)包含7組不同的單詞，根據(jù)被計(jì)數(shù)物品的類別來表示數(shù)字?？膳袛喑龈鶕?jù)物體類別不同而用不同的數(shù)字表示是早期記數(shù)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

17.單選題

Whiletherehavebeencountlessattemptsatcorrelatingsunspotcycleswithsuchdiversephenomenaastheeconomy,cropyields,andtheweather,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosupportthesecorrelations.Thepastfewdecadeshaveseenarenewedinterestinthesun-climaterelationshipwithacomprehensiveanalysisofmanydifferenthistoricalrecordsofsolarobservation.Lateintheseventeenthcentury,aperiodknownastheMaunderMinimum,therewerevirtuallynosunspotsobserved,indicatinga“quiet”periodinthesun’sactivitycoincidingwiththeheightofatimeknownastheLittleIceAge,aperiodoflowertemperaturesinEurope.Oncethisevidencehadbeensynthesized,ithasbecomemuchclearerthatthereareindeedrobustcorrelationsbetweentheEarth’stemperatureandsunspots.Perhapsthemostimportantdevelopmentinthesolar-climatelinkcamewhensatellitesweredevelopedtomeasure,inroughterms,theTotalSolarIrradiance（TSI）,afactorshowntobedirectlyrelatedtothese“activity”cycles.Atthemaximaofthesecycles,therearemoresunspots（magneticphenomenathatattenuatelocalirradiance）,butnewinstrumentsshowthatthesedarksunspotsaremorethancompensatedforbybrightareasonthesuncalledfaculae;therefore,theoverallirradianceincreasesincorrespondencewithhighernumbersofsunspots.

Unfortunatedly,identifyingthisevidentincreaseinminimumvaluesasatrendprovokesconcern,astherehavebeenonlytwominimaevermeasuredinthisway.Wemustbeawarethatthewarmingtrendinthesurfacetemperaturegoesfarbeyondthelasttwodecades,andthatanextensionofthesolarrecordisnecessarytoassesswhethersolaractivityandirradianceisindeedincreasingattheminimaofthecyclesandwhatthepotentialeffectontheclimatemaybe.Thesolarrecordhasbeenextendedbytheuseofthehistoricalsunspotrecordsalreadymentionedandcorrelationshavebeendrawnbetweensolarirradianceandthetemperaturecurvesince1610,suggestingapredominantsolarinfluenceinthepre-industrialperiod.Butsince1860onlyhalftheobservedwarmingcouldbeattributabletotheirradianceincrease,indicatingthatsomeotherinfluenceisbecomingmoreinfluentialincontrollingthetemperaturechange:mostlikelyindustrialcarbon-dioxide.

Recentstudiesofglobalwarminghavenecessitatedamorecomprehensiveefforttoquantifythenaturalclimatevariabilitysothattheresidualchangemaybeattributedtotheanthropogenicemissionsofgreenhousegases.Thisattemptatquantificationofthemanydifferentforceseffectontheclimatehasre-emphasizedthecomplexityoftheclimatesystemandthesimultaneousinteractionofmanyinfluences.Solarirradiancemayindeedaccountforsomeofthetemperatureincreasesrecordedoverthelastseveraldecades,butastheatmosphericCO2rises,duetotheexponentialincreaseinemissionsfromindustrialsources,theinfluenceofsolarvariabilityontheEarth’sclimatewillmostlikelydecrease,anditsrelativecontributionwillbefarsurpassedby“greenhouse”gases.

31.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（）.

32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecomparisonbetweenpreindustrialandpost-industrialclimatechange,asdescribedinthepassage,isaccurate?

33.Accordingtothepassage,extendingsolarrecordisimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

34.Accordingtothepassage,sunspotcycleshavewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorregardsthecorrelationsdrawninrecentdecadesbetweensunspotsandterrestrialphenomenaas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointingoutthesuccessofacertainlineofscientificinquiryintotheterrestrialeffectsofsolaractivitywhilequalifyingitssuccesseswithregardtoclimatechange

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandexplainingtheirpossibleimplicationsforfutureresearch

C.discussingthesuccessesinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowtheymayhaveanimpactonpreventingfurtherclimatechange

D.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesforthecauseofpost-industrialcli