考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that（）welltohumanneeds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。adheres堅(jiān)持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies滿(mǎn)足，使?jié)M意；reflects反射，考慮。句意：電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介，它（）人們的需求。從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)說(shuō)，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以,但是satisfy是及物動(dòng)詞，排除。conformto意為“符合，遵照，順應(yīng)”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Henrylookedverymuch（）whenhewascaughtcheatinginthebiologyexam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discouraged

B.embarrassed

C.disappointed

D.bewildered

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析。discouraged“氣餒的”;embarrassed“尷尬的”;disappointed“失望的,沮喪的”,bewildered“困惑的”。句意:當(dāng)Henry在生物考試中因?yàn)樽鞅妆蛔r(shí),他顯得非常尷尬。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

WehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgaron-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley'shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought,1.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’tandthelesstheyknew,themoreanetworklikeCBScouldchargefora30-secondspot.Artwasfarmoreprofitablethanscience.

Adecadelater,someonefinallyseemstobe,well,messingwithGoogle'sownbagoftricks.Lastyear,agroupofeconomistsworkingwitheBay’sinternalresearchlabissuedamassiveexperimentalstudywithasimplestartlingconclusion:Foralarge,well-knownbrand,searchadsareprobablyworthless.2.Thismonth,theirfindingswerere-releasedasaworkingpaperbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchandgreetedwitharoundofcoverageaskingwhetherInternetadvertisingofanykindworksatall.

“Weknowalotlessthantheadvertisingindustrywouldlikeustothinkweknow,"StevenTadelis,oneoftheeBaystudy’sco-authors,toldme.

AskGoogle.FacebookorTwitter,ofcourse,andthey’llreliablybustoutthird-partyresearchexplainingthattheiradsworkjustfine,evenifconsumersdon’talwaysclickonthem.Anentireecosystemofanalyticscompanies,includingbignameslikeComScoreandNielsen,hasevolvedtotellclientswhichonlineadvertisementsgivethemthebiggestbangfortheirbucks,Especiallycutting-edgefirms,suchasDialogic.Haveevenfoundwaystodrawcorrelationsbetweentheadsconsumersseeonlineandwhattheybuyinstores.Weareswimmingindata.3.AndthereareplentyofprofessionalsouttherehappytotellcorporateAmericawhatallthatdatameans,withthehelpofsomefancymathematicalmodels.

Theproblem,accordingtoTadelisandothers,isthatmuchofthedatawebsitesgenerateismoreorlessuseless.Someoftheproblemsarepracticallyasoleasmarkingitself.Forinstance,companiesliketorunlargeadcampaignsduringmajorshoppingseasons,likeChristmas.ButifsalesdoublecomeDecember,it’shardtosaywhethertheadortheholidaywasresponsible.Companiesalsounderstandablyliketotargetaudiencestheythinkwilllikewhatthey’reselling.Butthatalwaysleadstothenaggingquestionofwhetherthecustomerwouldhavegoneandpurchasedtheproductregardless.Economistscallthisissue“endogeneity.”DerekThompsonattheAtlanticdubsittheI-was-gonna-buy-it-anywayproblem.”

ButtheInternetalsogunksupattemptsatanalysisinitsownspecialways.Forinstance,ifsomebodysearchesfor“Amazon,bananaslicer,”andclicksonasearchadthatpopsuprightnexttohisresults,chancesarehewouldhavemadeittoAmazon’ssitewithouttheextranudge.EvenifhenevertypedthewordAinzaon,hestillmighthavegottentothesitethroughthenaturalpowerofsearch.4.Intheend,itallcomesdowntotheevergreenchallengeofdistinguishingcorrelation(e.gaFaccebookusersawanadandthenboughtsomeshoes)fromcausation(e.g.,aFacebookuserboughtsomeshoesbecausehesawanad).

Thereis,however,awaytogetaroundthesehurdles.Runanalyticscompaniesdon’tdothat,relyinginsteadonelaboratestatisticalregressionsthattrytoflaweddata.Butit’stherouteTapeless—nowabusinessprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley—andhiscollaboratorstookwitheBay.5.Intheirfirsttest,theresearcherslookedatwhatwouldhappenifthecompanystoppedbuyingadsnexttoitsownname,whichseemedlikethemostobviouswasteofmoney.Todoso,theypulledtheadsfromYahooandMSNbutleftthemrunningonGoogle.Itturnedout,theadvertisingmadevirtuallynodifference.YeteBaywasspendingdollarseverytimeacustomerclickedanadinsteadofthelinksittingrightbelowit.

【答案】1.營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員通常幾乎不可能告訴他們哪些廣告有效，哪些沒(méi)有。而且他們知道得越少，像CBS這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會(huì)在30秒內(nèi)索要越多的費(fèi)用。

2.本月，研究調(diào)查結(jié)果由國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局作為工作文件而重新發(fā)布，并引發(fā)了一輪關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告是否有效的討論。

3.有很多專(zhuān)業(yè)人士樂(lè)于借助一些奇特的數(shù)學(xué)模型，告訴美國(guó)企業(yè)所有數(shù)據(jù)的含義。

4.最后，這一切都?xì)w結(jié)于一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久的挑戰(zhàn)：區(qū)分相關(guān)性（比如，一個(gè)臉書(shū)用戶(hù)看了一個(gè)廣告，然后買(mǎi)了雙鞋）與因果關(guān)系（比如，一個(gè)臉書(shū)用戶(hù)買(mǎi)了一雙鞋，是因?yàn)榭吹搅艘粋€(gè)廣告）。

5.在第一次測(cè)試中，研究人員研究了如果該公司停止以自己的名義購(gòu)買(mǎi)廣告將會(huì)發(fā)生什么，這似乎明顯浪費(fèi)了錢(qián)。

4.單選題

His______personalityprovidesgoodmaterialforcritics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mature

B.considered

C.literate

D.dual

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mature“成熟的”；B選項(xiàng)considered“經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的”；C選項(xiàng)literate“能讀會(huì)寫(xiě)的”；D選項(xiàng)dual“雙重的”。句意：他的______人格為評(píng)論家提供了很好的素材。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里D選項(xiàng)dual“雙重的”比較符合題意，意思指他的雙重人格有很多可討論的話題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.

【答案】我認(rèn)為，從生物學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，人生就像一首詩(shī)。它有自己的韻律和節(jié)奏，自有內(nèi)在的生長(zhǎng)與衰亡周期。它開(kāi)始于天真的童年，緊隨其后的是稚拙的青春期，帶著年輕的激情和愚笨，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后來(lái)人到壯年，經(jīng)歷漸廣，閱人漸多，涉世漸深；乃至中年，節(jié)奏漸緩，個(gè)性沉淀如熟果，如美酒，更具容忍之心，愈發(fā)憤世嫉俗，卻待人生愈發(fā)溫和；再后來(lái)到暮年時(shí)，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)減少，如果我們已經(jīng)悟得老年真諦，且據(jù)此安頓殘年，則生活將平和、寧?kù)o、安詳且美滿(mǎn)；最后生命之光搖曳而逝，人開(kāi)始永恒的長(zhǎng)眠，不再醒來(lái)。人應(yīng)能感受這種生命韻律之美，就如欣賞交響樂(lè)一樣，欣賞其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒緩的尾聲。生命的樂(lè)章大同小異，但每個(gè)人應(yīng)譜寫(xiě)出自己獨(dú)有的樂(lè)曲。

6.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fraction表示“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分，小部分”，B選項(xiàng)fiction表示“小說(shuō)，編造，謊言”，C選項(xiàng)function表示“功能，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，函數(shù)”，D選項(xiàng)friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根據(jù)句意可知，我們僅僅察覺(jué)到偶然觸及我們感官的一小部分光和聲音；而大部分已經(jīng)過(guò)去了?？杖碧巻卧~與后文中的thegreatmajority形成對(duì)比，形容光和聲音的一小部分，因此，只有A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

ThemajorobstacletothereforminNewOrleans,(),ismoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asisitacrossthecountry

B.asitisacrossthecountry

C.asitwereacrossthecountry

D.aswereitacrossthecountry

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C和D選項(xiàng)。as后不需要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thevictim（

）tosurviveifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhaveachance

B.wouldhavehadachance

C.hasachance

D.hashadachance

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果送到醫(yī)院去，這個(gè)病人或許還能得救。這里根據(jù)句意，病人沒(méi)有及時(shí)送到醫(yī)院，if引導(dǎo)的是虛擬的條件句，而且根據(jù)if后面的時(shí)態(tài)可以知道這是表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，所以答案要選B。

9.單選題

Ourgenerationhasmadesuchimmensediscoveriesandachievedsuchundreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflife,thatithaslosttouchwiththeinsideoflife.Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance:richesandbeautiesthatgofarbeyondourmodernchatteraboutvaluesandideals.Themind'ssearchformorebreadthhasobscuredtheheart'scravingformoredepth.Onceagainmanhasbecomethedupeofhisowncleverness.Andbecauseitisdifficulttoattendtomorethanafewthingsatatime,weleaveoutagreatrangeofexperienceswhichcomesinbyanotherrouteandtellsusofanotherkindoflife.Ourinterestrushesouttothefarthestlimitsoftheuniverse,butweseldomtakeasoundingoftheoceanbeneathourrestlesskeels.Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.Thusthelifeofthehumanspirit,whichoughttomaintainabalancebetweentheworldvisibleandtheworldinvisible,isthrownoutofgear.

1.Whichofthefollowingmaybestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

2.Theauthorofthispassageimplieshisconcernoverman's（）

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatmanneedsto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Whatissomethingthatweareleavingoutaccordingtotheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Man'sNeedforWisdom.

B.TheInvisibleWorld.

C.TheHeartandMindofMan.

D.TheGrowthofKnowledge.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inhumanitytoothermen

B.emphasisonthematerialisticinlife

C.explorationsinthefarthestlimitsoftheuniverse

D.lackofknowledgeofthevisibleworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.becleverer.

B.learntodomorethanonethingatatime

C.givemoreattentiontothespirit

D.becomemoresocial

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesoulofmenisrestless.

B.Peoplespendtoomuchtimeinidletalk.

C.Manistooconcernedwiththingsofthespirit.

D.Manshouldsearchformorebreadthinhislife.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Immensediscoveries

B.Undreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflife

C.Wisdom

D.Knowledge

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。這段文章主要講述了人類(lèi)追求外在物質(zhì)的世界而忽略了內(nèi)在的精神世界的情況。文章的倒數(shù)第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”進(jìn)行了點(diǎn)題,人們的知識(shí)增長(zhǎng)了,但智慧卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后,所以人們需要智慧。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題可以知道,文章就是在說(shuō)人類(lèi)追求外在物質(zhì)的世界而忽略了內(nèi)在的精神世界的情況,所以由此推斷,作者擔(dān)心的是人類(lèi)過(guò)于關(guān)注物質(zhì)世界。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。福據(jù)文章中的Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance?？梢灾雷髡哌€是很希望大家更多的關(guān)注內(nèi)在世界,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文中“Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.”我們有一種奇怪的感覺(jué),覺(jué)得我們遺漏了什么。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)的是表象,選項(xiàng)C和D錯(cuò)誤。所以只有選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文中的倒數(shù)第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”由此推斷,人們遺失的是智慧。

10.單選題

Here______youwanttosee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comesthegirl

B.comedoesthegirl

C.thegirlcomes

D.comingthegirlis

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：你想見(jiàn)的女孩來(lái)了。here位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式，倒裝句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)comesthegirl符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theriverisalready（）itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parallelto

B.levelto

C.flaton

D.flushwith

【答案】D

【解析】parallelto平行,

類(lèi)似；level不與to搭配；flat也不與介詞on搭配；flushwith齊平,

同高。句意：由于雨水過(guò)多，河水已經(jīng)和堤岸齊平了，這座城市可能面臨洪水的威脅。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

AtfirstIdidnotawarethis,butwhenIfoundoutthenextdayfromanotherforeignguestatthehotel,aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelievemyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotaware

B.whenIfoundout

C.fromanotherforeignguestat

D.aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelieve

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。A項(xiàng)aware改為know。aware是形容詞,而A項(xiàng)中didnot后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞。

13.單選題

Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t（）fromtellingthemwhathethought.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdoff

B.holdon

C.holdback

D.holdup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意為“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生氣，忍不住把自己的想法告訴了他們。”選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.填空題

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的and，可知fair和橫線處表示并列，所以橫線處應(yīng)為形容詞，并且意思和fair對(duì)應(yīng)，impersonal意思為“非指?jìng)€(gè)人的，客觀的”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】新華社援引洪磊的話說(shuō)：“國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該以公平、客觀的方式與伊朗合作，積極澄清有關(guān)問(wèn)題。伊朗在與國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)合作時(shí)，應(yīng)該靈活、真誠(chéng)?！?/p>

15.單選題

Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cancel

B.eliminate

C.delay

D.prolong

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cancel“取消,撤銷(xiāo)”;eliminate“消除,排除”;delay“延期,耽擱”;prolong“延長(zhǎng),拖延”。句意:他們?cè)?jì)劃這個(gè)周末去郊游,但由于下雨,最后不得不取消了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)及句意，可推測(cè)空格指“盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來(lái)，省略了though再將be移至主語(yǔ)it之前而來(lái)。句意：盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

17.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFridayanalyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomicstrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohumandrivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed（有瑕疵的）”.

However,SorenAnderasen,asocialscientistatDahlbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

D.Itcauseabigstirindevelopingcountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到“受人類(lèi)影響的環(huán)境變化導(dǎo)致了如營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良及其他與高溫相關(guān)的問(wèn)題死亡率升高”(Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems)，選項(xiàng)B“由于全球變暖，死亡率上身”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“在這篇報(bào)告發(fā)表之前就已經(jīng)引起了很多氣象和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專(zhuān)家的批判”（Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions），因此選項(xiàng)A“受到一些氣象和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專(zhuān)家的挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到皮爾克博士對(duì)于報(bào)告的看法，他認(rèn)為這次報(bào)告就是一個(gè)方法論的尷尬（amethodologicalembarrassment），隨后又解釋了原因，由此可知在皮爾克博士看來(lái)，這個(gè)報(bào)告在方法論上是不成立的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到“很明顯報(bào)告中的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略估計(jì)的，并且他認(rèn)為這個(gè)報(bào)告是針對(duì)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人提出的”（whosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty），選項(xiàng)D“它的粗略估計(jì)是為了引起領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到“在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，安南強(qiáng)調(diào)需要增加從富裕國(guó)家到貧窮國(guó)家的資金流動(dòng)，來(lái)幫助減少氣候變化給他們?cè)斐傻膫Α保↖napressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases），選項(xiàng)D“富裕國(guó)家怎樣更好地幫助貧窮國(guó)家減少氣候帶來(lái)的危害”符合題意。

18.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的沖擊下，哲學(xué)任務(wù)這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來(lái)看，可以說(shuō)，哲學(xué)家們自古以來(lái)都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實(shí)的絕對(duì)真理和絕對(duì)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們?cè)噲D構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點(diǎn)，一種對(duì)宇宙及人類(lèi)在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學(xué)的各種貢獻(xiàn)整合成一個(gè)明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點(diǎn)。最后，哲學(xué)家們?cè)噲D澄清知識(shí)和評(píng)估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開(kāi)放的態(tài)度和批評(píng)方法，對(duì)絕對(duì)真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無(wú)意義，也是徒勞無(wú)益的。當(dāng)代科學(xué)的精神是“批判性的”，因?yàn)樗乃薪Y(jié)論直到“進(jìn)一步注意”才被認(rèn)為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說(shuō)，這兩個(gè)極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開(kāi)放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開(kāi)接受批評(píng)和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來(lái)代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實(shí)了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

19.單選題

Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintinginCriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternity（父親的身份）whereitisnotclearwhothefatherofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatterns.

Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofinvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,theNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditation（鑒定合格）forDNAtestinglaboratories.

1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects（）.

2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen（）.

3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod（）.

4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBureauofInvestigationshowsthat（）.

5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestandthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigations

B.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocence

C.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguilt

D.couldbeconvictedofguiltaswell

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurate

B.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpattern

C.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividuals

D.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals

B.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern

C.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics

D.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembers

B.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldhecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesfromthesamepersoncanmatch

C.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingfromthesameperson

D.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedIodeterminethattwoDNAsampleareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized

B.OnlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting

C.Theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkourstandardsfortesting

D.TheacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:在DNA指紋識(shí)別使用之前，嫌疑犯…。第二段指出:DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence(指紋和其他DNA分析技術(shù)已經(jīng)徹底改變了刑事調(diào)查，給調(diào)查人員提供了強(qiáng)大的新工具，以證明有罪，而不僅僅是確立無(wú)罪)。后面還指出:Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime(在刑事調(diào)查時(shí)，嫌疑犯的DNA指紋圖案與從犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的毛發(fā)或血液等材料中獲得的DNA指紋圖案進(jìn)行比較)。由此可以推測(cè)，如果沒(méi)有DNA指紋識(shí)別技術(shù),嫌疑犯不會(huì)那么容易定罪。因此選C項(xiàng)“可能輕易逃脫罪責(zé)”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:在什么時(shí)候，DNA指紋識(shí)別可能不可靠？第三段指出:Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup(他們特別指出，目前的方法尚不能完全確定，兩個(gè)可能吻合的DNA樣本是出自一個(gè)人，而不是出自同族成員中的兩個(gè)人)。因此可知,當(dāng)“偶然匹配的蒽碰巧屬于兩個(gè)不同的人”的時(shí)候,DNA指紋可能不可靠。

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:對(duì)于Levvontin和Hard這樣的遺傳學(xué)者而言，目前的方法如何？第三段指出:LevvontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone(Lewontin和Hartl對(duì)偶然發(fā)生的兩個(gè)DNA抬紋吻合的可能性的計(jì)算方法提出質(zhì)疑)。Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup(他們特別指出,目前的方法尚不能完全確定兩個(gè)可能吻合的DNA樣本是出自一個(gè)人，而不是出自同族成員中的兩個(gè)人。即他們認(rèn)為目前的方法不能確定吻合的DNA不是來(lái)自同族的兩個(gè)人)。因此，A項(xiàng)“排除兩個(gè)DNA樣本決不會(huì)來(lái)自?xún)蓚€(gè)人的可能性，目前的方法還不能那么令人信服”符合兩人觀點(diǎn)的表述。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的態(tài)度表明…最后一段指出:enoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate(足夠的數(shù)據(jù)可以利用，以表明目前正在使用的方法是合適的)。InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofinvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariou