考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Passage1

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisabiglie.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalf.Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Expertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Passage2

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersorhavingalightsleepinacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.AnEnglishman,pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitors,oncesuggested,“Onenteringarailwaycarriageshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelysuspect.

Passage3

Theprincipallinesofdevelopmentofmachineryhavebeenanincreaseinthespeedofoperationtoobtainhighratesofproduction,improvementinaccuracytoobtainqualityandeconomyintheproduct,andminimizationofoperatingcosts.Thesethreerequirementshaveledtotheevolutionofcomplexcontrolsystems.Themostsuccessfulproductionmachineryisthatinwhichthemechanicaldesignofthemachineiscloselyintegratedwiththecontrolsystem,whetherthelatterismechanicalorelectricalinnature.Amodemconveyorforthemanufactureofautomobileenginesisagoodexampleofthemechanizationofacomplexseriesofmanufacturingprocesses.Developmentsareinhandtoautomateproductionmachines,further,usingcomputerstostoreandprocessthevastamountofdatarequiredformanufacturingavarietyofcomponentswithasmallnumberofversatilemachinetools.Oneaimisacompletelyautomatedmachineshopforbatchproduction.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】2.單選題

VI.ProcedureLaw

Evenifweweretoacceptthisdeflationaryviewofproceduraljusticeasourstartingpoint,itwouldnotfollowthatproceduresareunimportant.Ifwebeginwithcriteriaforajustoutcome,thenitfollowsthatoursystemofdisputeresolutionshouldbedesignedtodecidecontroversiesinaccordwiththesecriteria.Fromthebarepremisethatoutcomescountfromtheexpost(事后)perspective,wecanderiveaminimalnotionofproceduraljustice.Aperfectlyjustprocedurewouldguaranteecorrectoutcomes;aprocedurewouldbemoreorlessfairorjustinsofarasitapproximatesthisideal.Ifwetaketherulesofsubstantivelaw(torts,contracts,property,andsoforth)asappliedtothefacts(thestateoftheworld)asthecriteriaforjustoutcomes,thentheidealprocedurewoulddiscernthetruthaboutthefactsandapplythelawtothosefactswithone-hundredpercentaccuracy.Fromthemodestpremisethatoutcomescount,wecanderivetheviewthatproceduraljusticeisafunctionofaccuracy.

Thereare,however,obviousproblemswiththissimpletheory.Evenfromtheexpostperspective,formallegaloutcomes,suchasjudgmentsforplaintiffsanddefendants,arenottheonlyeffectsofadjudication.Disputeresolutionsystemsimposecostsonthepartiestothedisputeandonsocietyatlarge.Ifweenlargeourviewofoutcomestoencompassallofthecostsandbenefitsimposedbythelitigationsystem,thenourviewofproceduraljusticewillbeenlargedaswell.Anoutcomethatincludesadamageawardthatreflectsanaccurateapplicationofthesubstantivelawtothefactsmightnonethelessbeunjustiftheplaintiffwhowasentitledtoprevailhadtopaymoreinattorneys’feesthanthevalueofthejudgment.Adisputeresolutionsystemthatachievedone-hundredpercentaccuracywouldbeviewedasmonstrouslyunfairifitrequiredeachdisputanttodevoteherentirelifetoapainstakingprocessoffact-findingandconsumedthegreatbulkofthesocialproducttofinancetheenterprise.Theadditionoftheseuncontroversialpremisestoourmodestassumptionthatoutcomescountyieldstheconclusionthatevenfromtheexpostperspectiveafairproceduremust,ataminimum,strikeafairorreasonablebalancebetweenthebenefitsofaccurateoutcomesandthecostsimposedbythesystemofprocedures.

Proceduralperfectionisunattainable:noconceivablesystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy.Approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable:asystemthatachievedthehighestpossibledegreeofaccuracywouldbeintolerablycostly.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthattheauthoris___.

2.AnidealprocedurewouldNOT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatafairproceduremuststrikeafairorreasonablebalancethebenefitsandthecosts.Accordingtothe2ndparagraph,whichoneisNOTacostmentionedbytheauthor?

4.Fromthelastparagraphonecaninferthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rebuttingsomeone’sviewthatproceduresareunimportant

B.arguingthatproceduresareunimportant

C.distinguishingprocedurelawfromsubstantivelaw

D.settingthecriteriaforjustoutcomes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discernthetruthaboutthefacts

B.applythelawtothefactswithaccuracy

C.guaranteecorrectoutcomes

D.bedifferentevenifthesubstantivelawappliedisdifferent

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anunjustawardwheretheplaintiffhastopaymorethanthevalueofjudgment.

B.Alife-longfact-findingprocesstoachieve100%accuracy.

C.Thegreatbulkofproductsproducedbyanenterprise.

D.Thesocialproductsconsumedtosupportthesystem.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.proceduralperfectionisunattainable

B.afairprocedurecanonlyexistwhenkeepingabalancebetweenbenefitsandcosts

C.approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable

D.nosystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Evenifweweretoacceptthisdeflationaryviewofproceduraljusticeasourstartingpoint,itwouldnotfollowthatproceduresareunimportant.（即使我們將這種關(guān)于程序正義的通縮觀(guān)點(diǎn)作為我們的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，也不會(huì)得出程序不重要的結(jié)論）可知選A選項(xiàng)“反駁一些人認(rèn)為程序不重要的觀(guān)點(diǎn)”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論程序不重要”錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為程序是重要的；C選項(xiàng)“區(qū)分程序法和實(shí)體法”原文第一段未提及；第一段第二句Ifwebeginwithcriteriaforajustoutcome,thenitfollowsthatoursystemofdisputeresolutionshouldbedesignedtodecidecontroversiesinaccordwiththesecriteria.（如果我們從公正結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)始，那么我們的爭(zhēng)端解決制度就應(yīng)該根據(jù)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)決定爭(zhēng)端）得知D選項(xiàng)“為公正的結(jié)果設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和原文不符合，原文沒(méi)有提到為公正的結(jié)果設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Ifwetaketherulesofsubstantivelaw(torts,contracts,property,andsoforth)asappliedtothefacts(thestateoftheworld)asthecriteriaforjustoutcomes,thentheidealprocedurewoulddiscernthetruthaboutthefactsandapplythelawtothosefactswithone-hundredpercentaccuracy.（如果我們把適用于事實(shí)（世界狀況）的實(shí)體法規(guī)則（侵權(quán)行為、合同、財(cái)產(chǎn)等）作為公正結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么理想的程序?qū)⒈鎰e事實(shí)的真相和法律適用于那些事實(shí)，準(zhǔn)確率百分之百）可知A選項(xiàng)“辨明事實(shí)的真相”,，B選項(xiàng)“正確地將法律適用于事實(shí)”以及C選項(xiàng)“保證正確的結(jié)果”對(duì)應(yīng)原文，D選項(xiàng)“即使適用的實(shí)體法不同，也不一樣”原文未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Anoutcomethatincludesadamageawardthatreflectsanaccurateapplicationofthesubstantivelawtothefactsmightnonethelessbeunjustiftheplaintiffwhowasentitledtoprevailhadtopaymoreinattorneys’feesthanthevalueofthejudgment.（但是，如果有權(quán)勝訴的原告支付的律師費(fèi)高于判決的價(jià)值，那么包括損害賠償裁決在內(nèi)的結(jié)果可能是不公正的，因?yàn)閾p害賠償裁決反映了實(shí)體法對(duì)事實(shí)的準(zhǔn)確適用）可知A選項(xiàng)“一種不公正的判決，原告必須支付比判決價(jià)值更多的錢(qián)”有提及；第二段Adisputeresolutionsystemthatachievedone-hundredpercentaccuracywouldbeviewedasmonstrouslyunfairifitrequiredeachdisputanttodevoteherentirelifetoapainstakingprocessoffact-findingandconsumedthegreatbulkofthesocialproducttofinancetheenterprise.（一個(gè)百分之百準(zhǔn)確的糾紛解決系統(tǒng)，如果要求每一個(gè)糾紛人一生都致力于一個(gè)艱苦的事實(shí)調(diào)查過(guò)程，并消耗大量的社會(huì)產(chǎn)品為企業(yè)融資，那么它將被視為極其不公平的）可知B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)終生的事實(shí)調(diào)查過(guò)程，以達(dá)到100%的準(zhǔn)確性”，D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)支持該系統(tǒng)”在原文中有提及；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的大量產(chǎn)品”原文未涉及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Proceduralperfectionisunattainable:noconceivablesystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy.Approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable:asystemthatachievedthehighestpossibledegreeofaccuracywouldbeintolerablycostly.（程序的完善是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的：任何一個(gè)可以想象的程序體系都不能保證完美的準(zhǔn)確性。接近程序上的完美是負(fù)擔(dān)不起的：一個(gè)達(dá)到盡可能高的準(zhǔn)確度的系統(tǒng)將是難以忍受的代價(jià)），結(jié)合第二段最后一句evenfromtheexpostperspectiveafairproceduremust,ataminimum,strikeafairorreasonablebalancebetweenthebenefitsofaccurateoutcomesandthecostsimposedbythesystemofprocedures（即使從事后的角度來(lái)看，公平程序至少必須在準(zhǔn)確結(jié)果的利益與程序制度所施加的費(fèi)用之間達(dá)成公平或合理的平衡）可知盡可能高的準(zhǔn)確度的系統(tǒng)是指準(zhǔn)確結(jié)果的利益與程序制度所施加的費(fèi)用之間達(dá)成高度平衡，則公平的程序只有在保持利益和成本之間的平衡時(shí)才能存在，選B選項(xiàng)“公平的程序只有在保持利益和成本之間的平衡時(shí)才能存在”；A選項(xiàng)“程序的完美是無(wú)法達(dá)到的”，C選項(xiàng)“接近程序的完美是無(wú)法承受的”以及D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有程序系統(tǒng)可以保證完美的準(zhǔn)確性”都是最后一段直接給出的信息，而不是推測(cè)得出的，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

JapaneseleadersaboardtheU.S.battleshipMissouriandsignedthe（

）surrender,whichendedWorldWarTwoin1945.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conditional

B.infinite

C.everlasting

D.unconditional

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。Conditional“有條件的”；infinite“無(wú)限的，無(wú)窮的”；everlasting“永久的，永恒的”；unconditional“無(wú)條件的”。句意：1945年，日本領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在美國(guó)密蘇里戰(zhàn)艦上簽署了無(wú)條件投降協(xié)議。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Platohadanessentiallyantagonisticviewofartandtheartist,althoughheapprovedofcertainreligiousandmoralistickindsofart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.responsive

C.feasible

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。antagonistic表示“敵對(duì)的，對(duì)抗性的”；A項(xiàng)ethical“倫理的，道德的”，B項(xiàng)responsive“響應(yīng)的，應(yīng)答的”，C項(xiàng)feasible“可行的，可能的，可實(shí)行的”，D項(xiàng)hostile“敵對(duì)的，敵方的，懷敵意的”。句意：盡管柏拉圖贊同某些宗教和道德的藝術(shù)類(lèi)型，但他對(duì)藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家的看法本質(zhì)上是對(duì)立的。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“l(fā)anguageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“l(fā)anguageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到這一文化偏好之后，霍爾馬克公司快速做出了反應(yīng)。盡管“羅密歐與朱麗葉”的中國(guó)和日本后裔現(xiàn)在都能買(mǎi)到母語(yǔ)賀卡，但霍爾馬克公司同時(shí)確保了英語(yǔ)賀卡的供應(yīng)充足。這樣，他們的顧客既可以展示他們時(shí)尚的世界性眼光，同時(shí)也可以向他們的愛(ài)人傳達(dá)最重要的愛(ài)的信息。

2.作為一種通用語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)只不過(guò)是一種有用的工具:它是一種“交流的語(yǔ)言”，是一種由其使用者賦予了不同民族、地區(qū)、地方和個(gè)人文化特色的物質(zhì)媒體。英語(yǔ)本身并沒(méi)有這種身份，它也不是一種“身份識(shí)別語(yǔ)言”。而且，由于全球英語(yǔ)功能用法的多樣性，英語(yǔ)在促進(jìn)國(guó)際理解方面也具有巨大潛力。不同的使用者必須始終制定出一個(gè)共同的行為和跨文化基礎(chǔ)。

6.單選題

Foreigncurrencycanbeconvertedatthisbank.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.changed

C.bought

D.sold

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變，改動(dòng)（往往用于法律條文、合同等的修改）”；B選項(xiàng)changed“改變（有變更，變換的意思）”；C選項(xiàng)bought“買(mǎi)”；D選項(xiàng)sold“賣(mài)”。句意：這家銀行可以?xún)稉Q外幣。而兌換外幣一般會(huì)用change，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Themeridiansoflongitudeareimaginarygreatcirclesdrawnfrompoletopolearoundtheearth.Byinternationalagreement,themeridianoflongitudepassingthroughGreenwich,England,isnumberedzero.Theearthisdividedinto360degrees,andthemeridiansarenumberedeastandwestfromGreenwich.Thereare180degreesoflongitudeeastofGreenwichand180degreesinthewesterlydirection.NewYorkhasalongitudeof74degreeswestwhichmeansitliesonthe74thmeridianwestofGreenwich.

Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.Thisreasoningcanbeusedbynavigatorstodeterminetheirlongitude.ImaginethatwehavesetsailfromGreenwich,England,afterhavingsetaveryaccurateclock,orchronometer,tothelocalGreenwichtime.AswetravelwestwardtowardNewYork,wenoticethatthesunisgoing“slower”thanourchronometer.Atthetimethatourtimepiecereads12o’clock,thesunhasnotquitereachedthezenith.Asamatteroffact,whenourclockreadsnoon,whatitreallymeansisthatit’snooninGreenwich,England.Ourclockcontinuestotellusthetime,notatourpresentlocation,butatGreenwich.Letuswaituntilthesunisdirectlyoverhead(noonatourlocation)andthenreadthetimeonourclock.Supposeitreads1o’clock.Thismeansthatthereisonehour’sdifferenceintimebetweenourlongitudeandthatofGreenwich.Aswementionedearlier,thiscorrespondstoexactly15degreesoflongitude,soourlongitudemustbe15degreeswest.Theworldisdividedinto24timezones,andeachzonecorrespondsto15degreesoflongitude.NewYorkisapproximately5timezoneswestofGreenwich,sothetimedifferencemustbeabout5hours.BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeonanysunnydaybymerelynotingthedifferenceinhoursbetweenGreenwichtimeandlocalsuntimeandmultiplyingthisdifferenceby15degrees.

Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.

IntheNorthernHemisphere,thereisastarcalledPolarisalmostdirectlyovertheNorthPole.ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.Mathematicianstellusthatthisangleisequaltothelatitudeatthepointinquestion.

Togetanideaofourlocation,therefore,weneedtoknowthelocaltime,Greenwichtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizon.

1.Inordertogetthepreciselocationofaship,thenavigatormustknow（）.

2.Inordertodeterminelatitude,thenavigatormustknow（）.

3.Anavigator’schronometerwillalwaysshow（）.

4.Inrelationtotheearth,thesunwillmove（）.

5.ItcanbeinferredthatthenumberofdegreesoflatitudeintheNorthernHemisphereis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hislatitudet

B.bothhislatitudeandlongitudet

C.localtimet

D.thenumberofdegreesheiseastorwestofGreenwicht

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Greenwichtimeandlocaltimet

B.agooddealofmathematicst

C.theanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizont

D.Greenwichtime,localtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizont

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.localtimet

B.noontimet

C.Greenwichtimet

D.suntimet

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.7,000milesperhourt

B.twiceasfastasPolarist

C.48thoftheworld’scircumferencet

D.fifteendegreesinonehourt

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.18degreest

B.36degreest

C.4degreest

D.90degrees

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了得到船的精確位置，導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。文章第三段前兩句提到Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.（當(dāng)然，經(jīng)度只提供了確定精確位置所需的一半信息；我們還必須知道我們的緯度，它告訴我們我們離赤道南北有多遠(yuǎn)），可知B項(xiàng)“他的經(jīng)度和緯度”正確。A項(xiàng)“他的緯度”不夠全面；C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”，這是用來(lái)記錄格林尼治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)靥?yáng)時(shí)間的小時(shí)差確定經(jīng)度，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“他在格林威治東部或西部的度數(shù)”也是用來(lái)確定經(jīng)度的，比較片面。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了確定緯度，導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.（通過(guò)設(shè)置六分儀來(lái)測(cè)量北極星和地平線(xiàn)之間的夾角，就可以確定某一點(diǎn)的緯度）可知，測(cè)量北極星和地平線(xiàn)之間的夾角就可以確定緯度，所以C項(xiàng)“北極星和地平線(xiàn)之間的角度”正確。A項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”，這是用來(lái)確定經(jīng)度的方法，A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“大量的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)”文中沒(méi)有提到導(dǎo)航員需要大量數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)；D項(xiàng)“格林尼治時(shí)間，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間，北極星和地平線(xiàn)之間的角度”，這是為了掌握自己所處位置需要的，而不是確定緯度需要的，D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘總是顯示……”。第二段最后一句提到BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeon…（航海時(shí)保持格林威治時(shí)間，船只就可以確定經(jīng)度……），由此可知導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘顯示的是格林威治時(shí)間，所以C項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間”正確；A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”、B項(xiàng)“正午時(shí)間”和D項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)時(shí)間”都不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“相對(duì)于地球，太陽(yáng)會(huì)移動(dòng)……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.（由于太陽(yáng)似乎在24小時(shí)內(nèi)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)，它將在1小時(shí)內(nèi)移動(dòng)360/24度或15度）可知，D項(xiàng)“一小時(shí)15度”正確。A項(xiàng)“每小時(shí)7000英里”、B項(xiàng)“是北極星的兩倍”和C項(xiàng)“地球周長(zhǎng)的1/48”都未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出北半球的緯度數(shù)是……”。根據(jù)第三段TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.（赤道是測(cè)量緯度的零線(xiàn)；與赤道平行的圓圈表示緯度的其他值；南緯是90度）可知，南緯是90度，而赤道為零線(xiàn)，那么南緯和北緯都是一樣的，由此可推斷北緯也是90度。所以D項(xiàng)“90度”正確。A項(xiàng)“18度”、B項(xiàng)“36度”和C項(xiàng)“4度”都是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

______thefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasdeprivedof

B.Thathewasdeprivedof

C.Althoughhewasdeprivedof

D.Deprivedof

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：由于沒(méi)有了維持獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源，托馬斯?愛(ài)迪生不得不去找個(gè)夜間電報(bào)員的工作。選項(xiàng)和題干，逗號(hào)前是從句或者短語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)Hewasdeprivedof放進(jìn)來(lái)題目變成兩個(gè)完整且獨(dú)立的句子，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)Thathewasdeprivedof中that多余，不符合語(yǔ)法，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)Althoughhewasdeprivedof中although不符合語(yǔ)境，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)Deprivedof放進(jìn)來(lái)句子還原后是ThomasEdisonwas…operatordeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)于下周開(kāi)始______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffoodwarmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’？

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein（

）

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof（

）.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause（

）.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’soutlookonlife.

B.people’slifestyles.

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture.

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment.

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending.

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。本文講的是安然公司員工在商業(yè)歷史上的悲慘命運(yùn)是經(jīng)濟(jì)安全問(wèn)題的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。原文指出:Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory,由此看出,人們?cè)趯?duì)生活的觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度方面有了一個(gè)重大的改變。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。由第七段看出,退休金計(jì)劃的改變是政府在福利上削減的組成部分。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第七段指出:Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall,由此可知,安然公司讓投資者擁有他們公司的股票,因此很多員工選擇安然作為他們投資的唯一選擇。

5.推斷題。第六段指出：Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid,由此可知,A項(xiàng)(401（k）項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)應(yīng)置于多個(gè)投資選項(xiàng)中),B項(xiàng)(員工必須自負(fù)盈虧)正確。第一段指出:Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems,因此C項(xiàng)(這種情況可能會(huì)再次發(fā)生，因?yàn)楦淖內(nèi)藗兊南敕ú⒉蝗菀?正確。故選D。

11.單選題

Theresultsarehardly（）;hecannotbelievetheyareaccurate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.critical

C.credible

D.contrary

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)結(jié)果不可信。他不相信他們是準(zhǔn)確的。

考查形容詞辨析。crucial關(guān)鍵性的；極其重要的；critical批評(píng)的；關(guān)鍵的；愛(ài)挑剔的；credible信的；可靠的；contrary相反的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare（）bydeertick.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。B選項(xiàng)transmitted意為“傳播，傳染（疾病）”。句意：萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細(xì)菌所（）的疾病。A選項(xiàng)emitted發(fā)出，發(fā)射；B選項(xiàng)transmitted傳播，傳染（疾?。?；C選項(xiàng)communicated傳達(dá)，表達(dá)；D選項(xiàng)distributed分配，散布。B選項(xiàng)transmitted符合句意

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leav