考研考博-英語-安慶職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安慶職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Thesedayspeoplegettheirnewsfrommanydifferent（1）.Somepeoplestillreadanold-styleprinteddailynewspaper,while（2）readnewspaperson（3）.Manypeopleno（4）readanewspaperatall,insteadrelying（5）theinternetforshortnewsarticles,orvisitingfavoritewebsitesthatcirculatepiecesfromotherwebsites.AnothergroupofpeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromTVorradiobroadcasts.ManyWesternintellectualsregardthedeclineofthegreat

dailynewspapersasanegative（6）thatwillleadtoa（7）understandingofworldaffairs.Theyarealarmedbythegrowingnumberofpeoplewholargely

（8）

theoutsideworld,focusingontheirownsocietyorsmallpersonalsphere.

句意:

現(xiàn)在人們可以通過多種出處獲取新聞。一些人仍然閱讀老式的紙質(zhì)日報，而另一些人則在網(wǎng)上看報紙。許多人不再在網(wǎng)上看報紙，相反只是依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)去關(guān)注短消息，或?yàn)g覽自己喜歡的網(wǎng)站。還有一群人是通過電視或收音機(jī)獲取大部分消息。許多西方知識分子把偉大的日報的衰落視為一種負(fù)面的現(xiàn)象，它將導(dǎo)致人們對世界事務(wù)了解的匱乏。他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，越來越多的人只會把注意力放在自我世界之中，關(guān)心自己的事，而忽視外面的世界。

【答案】1.sources

2.others

3.internet

4.longer

5.on

6.phenomenon

7.poor

8.ignore

【解析】1.邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“news新聞”知這里指代“從不同的出處或消息來源獲取新聞”，故這里填sources“出處；消息來源”。

2.固定搭配。some...others—些，另一些。

3.邏輯銜接。文中提到一些人讀紙質(zhì)報紙，那另一些人很自然就讀網(wǎng)上的報紙。

4.固定搭配。Nolonger...atall不再

5.固定搭配。relyon依靠

6.語義題。句意:許多知識分子把偉大的日報的衰落視為一種負(fù)面的現(xiàn)象。

7.語義題。句意:閱讀報紙的人數(shù)下降，人們對世界事務(wù)的了解變得匱乏。

8.語義題。句意:人們把注意力放在個人世界里，也就會無視外面的世界。

2.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容，二十世紀(jì)五十年代，美國社會思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動進(jìn)行相提并論和比較，說明是有共同之處的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，羅金對李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，最嚴(yán)厲的批評是，二者都沒有對自己的觀點(diǎn)給出證據(jù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，羅金的總結(jié)是，麥卡錫主義不應(yīng)該被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對他們方法論做出了驗(yàn)證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應(yīng)被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種政治領(lǐng)域的探索。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.

Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceoffrictionresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewholemobilityisdisorganizing.

Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility:movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial,vertical,andideationalmobility.

Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Italsomeansthatwhenindividualfamilymembersorthefamilyasawholemoveawayfromacommunity,thepersonorthefamilyisremovedfromthepressuresofrelatives,friends,andcommunityinstitutionsandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.

Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.

Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweenracialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacenttoeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.

Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,periodicals,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.

Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.

1.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutpeoplelivinginatraditionalfamilyaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscansummarizethepassage?

4.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich（）.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking

B.theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents’permission

C.theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone’ssocialstatus

D.theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability.

B.Theyhavetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit.

C.Theywillhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit.

D.Theycangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies.

B.Themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus.

C.PotentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily.

D.Familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bothparentshavetoworkfulltime

B.thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard

C.thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether

D.thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree

B.arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother

C.oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection

D.areexposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsets

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Intermarriageanddifferentoccupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.（從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚，就像空間流動一樣，會讓人接觸到不同于父母家的行為方式，并有可能讓父母和孩子分開。），說明從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚會讓人接觸到不同的行為方式。因此A選項(xiàng)“它們使人能夠接觸到不同的行為方式和思維方式”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使孩子們能夠在未經(jīng)父母允許的情況下四處旅行”，C選項(xiàng)“能讓人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社會地位”，D選項(xiàng)“能讓孩子更好地理解父母的行為方式”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“traditionalfamily”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.（空間的流動性導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降，傳統(tǒng)家庭強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性。），說明傳統(tǒng)家庭十分注重家庭連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，接著第四、五句說到Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.（更重要的是，空間的流動性使一些家庭成員能夠接觸到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成員的態(tài)度、價值觀和思維方式。在一個家庭中存在不同的態(tài)度、價值觀和思維方式可能，而且經(jīng)常會導(dǎo)致沖突和家庭混亂。），說明空間的流動性讓部分家庭成員接觸并采納了其他家庭不同的態(tài)度、價值觀和思考方式，這會導(dǎo)致家庭的沖突和混亂，而傳統(tǒng)家庭是反對空間流動性的，那么也就不容易出現(xiàn)沖突、爭吵的現(xiàn)象。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)和穩(wěn)定性，他們不太可能與他人爭吵”正確。C選項(xiàng)“如果他們離開傳統(tǒng)家庭，會有更多的行動和思想自由”，文中提到的態(tài)度、價值觀和思維方式只涉及了思想方面可能產(chǎn)生的變化，而沒有提到行動上的，所以C錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)绻话犭x傳統(tǒng)家庭，就必須依靠親戚朋友”，D選項(xiàng)“如果他們遇到困難，可以從家人那里得到更多的幫助”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。

第3題:主旨大意題。文章首句說到Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.（個體成員和家庭群體的流動性往往會導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系的破裂。）這是文章的主旨句，句中的splitupfamilyrelationships（家庭關(guān)系破裂）是mobility（流動性）導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，且與后文的disorganizing（無組織化）相對應(yīng)，接下來全文都圍繞著這一句展開論述，闡述流動性是如何導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系破裂的。因此D選項(xiàng)“家庭的無組織化或多或少是流動性的結(jié)果”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“社會發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“家庭的流動性是提高其社會地位的因素之一”顛倒了因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是社會地位的變化導(dǎo)致了家庭的流動性，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“美國家庭中存在潛在的混亂現(xiàn)象”只是文中提及的一個現(xiàn)象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C錯誤。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Potentialdisorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.（在一些家庭中，丈夫、妻子和孩子長時間在空間上分開，或者雖然住在一起但因?yàn)楣ぷ靼才挪煌荒芏虝旱匾娒?，這些家庭就存在潛在的混亂。），說明潛在的混亂存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少見面的家庭中。因此C選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母都要全職工作”，D選項(xiàng)“家庭成員要承受社會壓力”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，D錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”，原文只提到了不同的工作安排，并未提到工作太辛苦，所以B錯誤。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章中提到了三種流動性使家庭變得無組織化，第四段提到spatialmobility（空間的流動性）導(dǎo)致了conflictandfamilydisorganization（沖突與家庭混亂），第六段提到verticalmobility…tendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren（垂直的流動性可能會讓父母和孩子分開），第八段提到Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.（當(dāng)個別家庭成員接觸和采用新觀念時，沖突傾向就會產(chǎn)生，沖突中的人在心理上就會彼此分離。），說明空間的流動性、垂直的流動性和思想的流動性會使家庭變得無組織化，由此可以逆向推斷出有組織性的家庭不會出現(xiàn)以上問題，即家庭成員之間不會有隔閡。因此B選項(xiàng)“彼此之間沒有心理上的隔閡”正確。C選項(xiàng)“常以真情相助，感情深厚”沒有涉及問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，所以C錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“即使意見不一致，也不會相互爭吵”，D選項(xiàng)“接觸到的都是書本、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)所介紹的新思想”表述都過于絕對，所以A，D錯誤。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek,apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thelattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehourofwakefulnessandlowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasbasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofdailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干：為什么說“人們適應(yīng)夜間工作能有多容易”的問題不只是一個學(xué)術(shù)問題？A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹苌儆腥讼矚g顛倒睡眠和清醒的周期”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿藗兪窃谕砩纤X的”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿藗儽灰蠊ぷ髟谛枰贤戆嗟男袠I(yè)里工作”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵诠I(yè)中輪班工作要求人們改變他們的睡眠習(xí)慣”。根基題干定位到第二段第二句話Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines（例如，在自動化要求機(jī)器24小時運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的工業(yè)中，人們能否從白天工作改為晚上工作就成為一個越來越重要的問題），因?yàn)橛行┕S需要24小時有人在的，這就導(dǎo)致工廠不得不實(shí)行輪班制度，所以答案選D，A、B、C不符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：24小時工作制的主要問題在于……A選項(xiàng)“自動化的引入給工人們帶來的不便”；B選項(xiàng)“對工人日常生活周期的干擾，他們不得不頻繁地?fù)Q班”；C選項(xiàng)“人們在夜間工作往往效率較低”；D選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上很難找到一些好的夜班工人”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三四句Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek,apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.（一個人通常需要五天到一周的時間來適應(yīng)一種相反的睡眠和清醒的常規(guī)，白天睡覺，晚上工作。不幸的是，在工業(yè)中經(jīng)常是這樣的情況，輪班是每周改變的，一個人第一個星期可能從午夜12點(diǎn)工作到早上8點(diǎn)，下個星期從早上8點(diǎn)工作到下午4點(diǎn)，第三個星期從下午4點(diǎn)工作到午夜12點(diǎn)，以此類推），從這里可以推斷，在需要輪班的某些行業(yè)，當(dāng)人們開始適應(yīng)這個休息周期后又需要換新的了，所以對工人的困擾是B。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：實(shí)現(xiàn)24小時工作制的最佳解決方案似乎是……A選項(xiàng)“以更長的時間間隔換班”；B選項(xiàng)“更長的輪班時間”；C選項(xiàng)“安排一些人只上夜班”；D選項(xiàng)“為夜班工人創(chuàng)造更好的生活條件”。第三段第一句話Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把夜班交給一些長期從事夜班工作的人），C選項(xiàng)是該句的同義替換，所以答案選C。其他選項(xiàng)不符題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：通過測量一個人的體溫來判斷他是否適應(yīng)了日常生活的變化是可能的，因?yàn)椤瑼選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)睡眠和清醒交替時，體溫會發(fā)生變化”；B選項(xiàng)“體溫隨著睡眠和清醒的交替而變化”；C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)慣例改變時，溫度就會逆轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)“人們在高效工作時體溫會升高”。最后一段第三句Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehourofwakefulnessandlowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.（白天從事正常工作的人在清醒時體溫高，夜間體溫低；當(dāng)他們改變到夜間工作模式時，這種模式只會逐漸恢復(fù)到與新的工作模式相匹配，而這種模式的速度，廣義上說，與身體整體的適應(yīng)相一致，特別是在工作表現(xiàn)方面。），由此可知，人們工作和不工作的溫度是不一樣的，而換成夜班后溫度也是遵循相同的規(guī)律，所以答案選D。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“體溫可以作為工人工作表現(xiàn)的指標(biāo)?！?；B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明，選擇一些長期的夜班工人是解決24小時工作制問題的最佳辦法?！?；C選項(xiàng)“定期測量體溫可以顯示一個人如何適應(yīng)日常生活的變化?！?；D選項(xiàng)“在那些長期上夜班或白班的人當(dāng)中，睡眠受到干擾的情況較少”。定位到第三段第一句話Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把夜班交給一些長期從事夜班工作的人。），這里一個appearsto與B選項(xiàng)中的hasprovedtobe造成沖突，所以答案選B；第四段第三句話Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehourofwakefulnessandlowoneatnight;…（白天從事正常工作的人在清醒時體溫高，夜間體溫低；……）從這里可以知道人們在工作時體溫高，休息時體溫低，所以體溫可以作為人們判斷工人是否工作的依據(jù)，A選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選；第四段第二句Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.（了解一個人何時適應(yīng)的方法之一是測量他的體溫）這句是選項(xiàng)C的同義替換，所以不選；第二段最后一句話Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.（這就意味著他剛適應(yīng)一種工作方式就又得轉(zhuǎn)向另一種工作方式，所以他在大部分時間里工作和睡覺的效率都很低。），從這句可以看出長期輪班的人睡眠質(zhì)量不好，因?yàn)樗呤艿搅烁蓴_，反之，那些長期白班或者夜班的人睡眠受到干擾的次數(shù)會少很多，D選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選。

5.單選題

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)desperate“不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的”；B選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；難以忍受的；不真實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的；認(rèn)真的；莊重的；危急的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：雖然核毀滅永遠(yuǎn)無法避免，但我們可以建議超級大國改變態(tài)度，幫助降低這種毀滅的可能性。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；counton“指望，依賴”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意為：有親密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是當(dāng)你知道在不得已的情況下，你可以獨(dú)立生活，那時你便會卸下一身重?fù)?dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Tomwasahighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscientious“認(rèn)真的，盡責(zé)的”；B選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的”；C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾teacher，根填空處也應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞來修飾teacher，由此可知，填空處單詞應(yīng)與定語從句表達(dá)的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“盡職盡責(zé)的”，選項(xiàng)A與之意思最接近，所以正確。

8.單選題

Thehumangenesequencewillallowresearcherstomakerapidprogressinunderstandingtherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior.Thefindingthatwehavefarfewergenesthanexpectedsuggeststhatenvironmentalinfluencesplayagreaterroleinourdevelopmentthanwaspreviouslythought.

Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslateintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture."Wenowhavethelistofpartsofthehumanbody,"saidMr.JohnSulston,whospearheadedUKeffortstocrackthehumancode."Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."

Researchersarepredictingthedatawillunlocksomeofthesecretsofhowgenesinfluencebehavior.Buttheywarnagainstheadline-makingclaimsthatgivengenescanbethecaseofcrime,homosexualityorevensportingbrilliance.DrCraigVenter,theleaderofprivateefforttodecodethehumangenome,saidgeneticdeterminism,theideathatapersoniscontrolledbyhisgeneswasafallacy."Therearetwofallaciestobeavoided,"DrVenter'steamwritesinthejournalScience."Determinism,theideathatallcharacteristicsofapersonare'hard-wired'bythegenome;andreductionism,thatnowthehumansequenceiscompletelyknown,itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability.

Oneimplicationofthework,saidDrVenter,wastocalmfearsabouthumancloning.“Tryingtocloneapersontogainimmoralitywouldbepointlessventure”，hesaid.Dr,Ventersaid,"Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,aswithtwins,havesomeonewholookssimilartoyou,thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero.That'swhyyoucannothaveXeroxcopiesofpeople;youcannothaveclonesofpeoplethatwillbethesame."

Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia.Researchersarealsoclosinginonstretchesofgeneticcodethatmaymakeanindividualmorevulnerabletodevelopingdrugoralcoholaddiction.

1.Followingthefindingthatwehavefewergenes,furtherresearchmaybeconductedinto（）.

2.The"listofpartsofhumanbody"(inthesecondparagraph)actuallyrefersto（）.

3.Thebeliefofreductionismmightbethat（）.

4.Thereasonwhywedon'thavetoworryabouthumancloningisthat（）.

5.Asalikelyresultofgeneresearchdescribedinthepassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howthehumangeneticsequencesinfluencetherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior

B.whyenvironmentalinfluenceplaysagreaterroleinourgrowth

C.whyinheritanceplaysalesserroleinshapingourdestiny

D.howthegenesarecombinedtocreateincrediblecomplexityofhumanbeing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehumanlimbs

B.thehumanorgans

C.thehumanlimbsandorgans

D.thetotalnumberofgenes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humandiversitycanbeunderstoodbylookingatgenefunctionsandinteractions

B.ittakesalongtimeforustounderstandgenefunctionsandinteractions

C.itisfalsebeliefthatapersoniscontrolledcompletelybyhisgenes

D.byrearranginghumangeneticsequencenewbeingscanbecreatedatwill

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetechniqueisdoomedfromtheverybeginning

B.nopersonwhowillliveforevercanbecreated

C.noindividualhumanexperiencecanbeduplicated

D.nopersonofidenticalappearancecanbecopied

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.drugprohibitionlawswillbeabolishedsomeday

B.thecaseofmentaldisorderwillbereduced

C.humanpersonalitycanbesimulatedoraltered

D.idealhumanbeingscanbecreatedbyrearrangingthegenes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:在“我們有少量的基因”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，進(jìn)一步的研究會進(jìn)入什么方面？第二段首句指出:Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslatedintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture(弄清楚如此少量的基因是如何轉(zhuǎn)變成人類的不可思議的復(fù)雜性，這個問題將成為將來的一個挑戰(zhàn))。因此選D項(xiàng)“基因是如何結(jié)合來創(chuàng)造人類不可思議的復(fù)雜性的”。

2.語義題。"listofpartsofhumanbody(身體的零件目錄)"后面句子對其做出了解釋:"Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderst