考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

問題1選項

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是對過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測，所以應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，首先排除選項A和C；根據(jù)句意可知，主語是she，是動作的執(zhí)行者，所以為主動語態(tài)，選項B正確。

2.多選題

該試題是用于測試的試題，請勿組卷到其他試卷當(dāng)中，測試題干內(nèi)容

問題1選項

A.12

B.23

C.34

D.45

問題2選項

A.54

B.43

C.32

D.21

【答案】第1題:B、C、D

第2題:A、B

【解析】第1題:

第2題:試題解析測試

3.單選題

Thetigercontinuedto（

）usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

問題1選項

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap誘騙,設(shè)陷阱；transplant移植；menace威脅,恐嚇；provoke激怒,煽動。句意:老虎圍繞著帳篷轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去,繼續(xù)威脅著我們。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

問題1選項

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

問題2選項

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

問題3選項

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

問題4選項

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。這是一篇科技性的文章，從文中內(nèi)容可知，作者是在講外部環(huán)境和遺傳是互補(bǔ)的因素，主要是為了說明兩個生物和遺傳學(xué)中重要的概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“習(xí)慣”(habit)，以及它們之間相互的關(guān)系。選項A“昆蟲的進(jìn)化”可以排除掉，文章的主題顯然不是討論昆蟲的進(jìn)化。選項C“教育：環(huán)境的影響”，D“動物的本能”都分別是文章討論的一個側(cè)面，也可以排除。所以應(yīng)該選B“環(huán)境和遺傳”，從全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明確表現(xiàn)出文章“環(huán)境和遺傳”這一主題。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。本題可參照第一段中間一句話ifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions…ordiesinhelplessinactivity（如果這樣一個孤獨(dú)的動物在一連串的行動中被打斷，它要么徒勞地繼續(xù)剩下的行動……要么在無助的無為中死去），從中可知，蟻獅會執(zhí)著地做出本能的反應(yīng)。因此A項“當(dāng)它參與連鎖行動時它不能受到干擾”為正確答案。B項“動物的本能會導(dǎo)致動物在陌生的情況下做出不合理的反應(yīng)”，C項“環(huán)境和遺傳在昆蟲進(jìn)化中是兩個補(bǔ)充因素”，D項“沿著進(jìn)化方向遺傳作用變小環(huán)境變得更為重要”，皆與文章不符。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。文章第一段最后一句Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,…（一只織網(wǎng)的蜘蛛在挖洞的時候，用沙礫和木屑筑起一個堡壘，當(dāng)它從一個半成品的家里搬走時，它不會再開始……），可知當(dāng)一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作進(jìn)行到一半的時候，到了一個新的環(huán)境，它不會重新開始修建另一個巢穴，而是會繼續(xù)完成一個半成品的巢穴，這是動物的本能的反映。依此類推，當(dāng)人們把一只蜘蛛從一個織了一半的網(wǎng)上拿到另外一個織了一半的網(wǎng)上的時候，它顯然會在本能的驅(qū)使下把那個織了一半的網(wǎng)完成。因此C項“繼續(xù)織剩下的網(wǎng)”，為正確答案。A項“開始織一個完整的網(wǎng)”，B項“摧毀織了一半的網(wǎng)”，D項“遠(yuǎn)離網(wǎng)”，均不符合文意。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題?？蓮牡诙巫詈笠痪銱abits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm（習(xí)慣，而不是天生的現(xiàn)成的（當(dāng)它們被稱為本能而不是習(xí)慣的時候），越來越多地被環(huán)境的影響所左右，其中最重要的因素是父母在幼年時期照顧小動物，在幼年時期，比昆蟲更模糊的本能被模仿來適應(yīng)環(huán)境，環(huán)境可能會發(fā)生很大的變化而不會造成傷害），對習(xí)慣的描述推出C“他們受到環(huán)境的影響”。A項“他們是生物的自然天賦”，B“對所有動物來說，它們比本能更重要”，D“他們注定會在人類的進(jìn)化中開闊有極其遠(yuǎn)大前景的可能性”，均錯誤。

5.單選題

ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerican,hecanspeak（）Chinese.

問題1選項

A.fluid

B.smooth

C.fluent

D.flowing

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然他出生并成長于美國，但是他的漢語很流利。

考查形容詞辨析。fluid流動的；液體的；smooth平滑的；fluent流利的；flowing流動的。因此C項符合句意。

6.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問題1選項

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞與形容詞辨析。A選項formulation，permitted“制訂，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)闡述；表達(dá)方式；制劑，配方”，“被允許的，可能的”；B選項correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽視的；被忽略的”；C選項detection，useful“偵查，探測；發(fā)覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺”，“有用的，有益的；有幫助的”；D選項accumulation，agreeable“積聚，累積；堆積物”，“令人愉快的；適合的；和藹可親的”。句意：在科學(xué)研究中，報告支持的證據(jù)比不可信的假設(shè)更令人滿意，但事實(shí)上，錯誤的積累比可能真理的建立更容易令人滿意。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

問題1選項

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項estimated“（對數(shù)量、成本等的）估計”；B選項suspected“懷疑；覺得（尤指壞事可能屬實(shí)或發(fā)生）”；C選項predicted“預(yù)言”；D選項deduced“推斷”。句意：從和她的談話中我______她有一個大家庭。根據(jù)語境，通過談話得出她有一個大家庭，談話中得出信息和事實(shí)，deduced“推斷”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid,“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”

問題1選項

A.woulddo

B.wouldhavedone

C.did

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。under引導(dǎo)一個非真實(shí)條件句，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone，故B項正確。句意：在他的所作所為受到表揚(yáng)后，他說，“在更艱苦的條件下，我會做得更好。”因此，該題選擇B項正確。

9.單選題

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportsmeeting.

問題1選項

A.deceived

B.ignited

C.implemented

D.designated

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。deceive“欺騙,行騙”;ignite“點(diǎn)燃,使燃燒”;implement“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行”;designate“指定,指派”。句意:在運(yùn)動會開幕式上火炬由一名著名的運(yùn)動員點(diǎn)燃。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B選項confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C選項faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠實(shí)”；D選項expertise“專門知識；專門技術(shù)；專家的意見”。句意：一些分類學(xué)家，特別是那些在標(biāo)本室工作并提供鑒定服務(wù)的分類學(xué)家，確實(shí)需要這樣的專業(yè)知識。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

Thebusthat（）outsidetheinnwouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown.

問題1選項

A.heldback

B.pulledup

C.gotdown

D.setforth

【答案】B

【解析】heldback阻礙；pulledup停下來,拔起；gotdown下來；setforth提出,陳述。句意：停在旅館外面的巴士很快就會把游客帶到市中心。選項B符合句意。

12.寫作題

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,13.單選題

TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.

問題1選項

A.hasbeen

B.were

C.was

D.hadbeen

【答案】C

【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是喬叟寫的。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語為TheCanterburyTales(一本書),后面又有關(guān)鍵信息writtenbyChaucer,所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。

14.單選題

____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Beingpublished被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）B.Published發(fā)表（過去分詞）

C.Publishing發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.Tobepublished發(fā)表（不定式）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句

【解題思路】本題考查的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句用法。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以將名詞、形容詞、副詞或分詞置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。原句的正確語序?yàn)椤癆sitwas____atsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention”，此處it指的是“他的作品”，根據(jù)語義，他的作品應(yīng)該是被發(fā)表，所以此處應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，題干中已經(jīng)有了be動詞，因此只需填入一個過去分詞即可，B選項Published“發(fā)表（過去分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項Beingpublished“被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）”，題干中已經(jīng)有be動詞了，不需要再使用一個be動詞，另外，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

C選項Publishing“發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

D選項Tobepublished“發(fā)表（不定式）”，使用不定式形式，說明作品尚未發(fā)表，不符合原句語義。

【句意】盡管他的作品在這樣一個時期出版，但還是引起了很大的關(guān)注。

15.翻譯題

TheUnitedStatesisacommonlawcountry.EveryU.S.statehasalegalsystembasedonthecommonlaw,exceptLouisiana.Commonlawhasnostatutorybasis;judgesestablishcommonlawbyapplyingpreviousdecisions(precedents)topresentcases.Althoughtypicallyaffectedbystatutoryauthority,broadareasofthelaw,mostnotablyrelatingtoproperty,contracts,andtorts,aretraditionallypartofthecommonlaw.Theseareasofthelawaremostlywithinthejurisdictionofthestates,andthusstatecourtsaretheprimarysourceofcommonlaw.Federalcommonlawisrelativelynarrowinscope,beinglimitedprimarilytoclearlyfederalissuesthathavenotbeenaddressedbyastatute.

Stateconstitutionsarethesupremelawwithinthestate.AlthoughastateconstitutionmaygrantgreaterrightsthanthosesecuredbythefederalConstitution,itcannotprovidelesserrightsthanthefederalconstitutiondoes.Statestatutesmustconformtotherespectivestate’sconstitution.AllstateconstitutionsandlegislationcanbepreemptedbyfederallegislationorthefederalConstitution.Municipalcharters,ordinances,rules,andregulationsapplyonlytolocalissues;eitherstateorfederallawtypicallycanpreemptthem.

【答案】參考譯文：

美國是一個普通法系的國家。除了路易斯安那州，美國各州都擁有一個基于普通法的法律系統(tǒng)。普通法沒有成文法基礎(chǔ)；法官們通過運(yùn)用先前的決定（先例）建立普通法去解決當(dāng)前的案例。盡管通常受法律權(quán)限和廣泛的法律領(lǐng)域影響，尤其與財產(chǎn)，合同和侵權(quán)行為有關(guān)的，傳統(tǒng)上都是普通法的一部分。這些法律領(lǐng)域大多數(shù)都是在各州的管轄范圍之內(nèi)的，因此州法院是普通法的主要來源。聯(lián)邦普通法是一個適用范圍相對狹小的法律，主要限制于處理那些非成文法的聯(lián)邦問題。

州憲法是州內(nèi)的最高位階的法律。雖然州憲法授予的權(quán)利可能多于聯(lián)邦憲法所保護(hù)的權(quán)利，但是州憲法不能提供少于聯(lián)邦憲法保護(hù)的權(quán)利。州法令必須符合各自州的憲法。所有州的憲法和法律可能被聯(lián)邦法律或聯(lián)邦憲法所取代。市政章程，條例，規(guī)則，與規(guī)定制度只適用于當(dāng)?shù)氐膯栴}，州或聯(lián)邦法律通常都可以優(yōu)先使用它們。

16.單選題

Withkeen（

）,convincingfactsandaglobalangle,theauthorvividlyrecordedabrilliantpageofthegreatChineserevolution.

問題1選項

A.inspection

B.intellectual

C.intention

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。inspection檢查，檢驗(yàn)；intellectual智力的，有才智的；intention意圖；insight洞察力，洞悉。句意：通過敏銳的洞察力、有說服力的事實(shí)和全球化的視角，作者生動地記錄了中國革命偉大輝煌的一頁?？崭裉帒?yīng)填一個名詞，首先排除B項。再根據(jù)句意可知D項最合適。答案D

17.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）todirectorofthepresident’soffice.

問題1選項

A.pushed

B.purchased

C.promoted

D.promised

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。push“推”；purchase“購買”；promote“提升”；promise“承諾”。句意：格林先生最近升任為董事長辦公室主任了。選項C符合題意。

18.寫作題

Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.

【答案】略

19.單選題

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

問題1選項

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險惡的”；B選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項preventive“預(yù)防性的，防備的；防病的”；D選項perpetual“永久的；不斷的；四季開花的；無期限的”。句意：工程師們對他們公司資助的項目普遍持否定態(tài)度，這是合同遲遲沒有簽訂的原因。本句關(guān)鍵詞pervasive表示“普遍的；到處滲透的；流行的”，四個選項中B選項最合適，因此B選項正確。

20.單選題

Johnwasso______inhisbookthathedidnothearthedoorbellring.

問題1選項

A.engaged

B.occupied

C.absorbed

D.concentrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項engaged“忙碌的”，beengagedin表示“參與，從事于”；B項occupied“已占用的”，beoccupiedin表示“使忙碌于，使從事于”；C項absorbed“被吸收的”，beabsorbedin表示“專心于”；D項concentrated“集中的，濃縮的”，beconcentratedin表示“集中在……”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hisbook“他的書”和后面的句子didnothearthedoorbellring“沒有聽到門鈴聲”可知，空格部分表示“專心于，專注于”符合語境。句意：約翰在專心看書，以至于沒聽見門鈴響。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

21.單選題

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionmenareinthe（）.

問題1選項

A.minority

B.majority

C.shortage

D.substitute

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大多數(shù)護(hù)士是女性，但在醫(yī)療行業(yè)中，男性占多數(shù)。

考查名詞辨析。minority少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派:majority多數(shù)；成年;shortage缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute代用品；代替者。后半句用了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，因此B項符合句意。

22.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財產(chǎn)。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對債務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

本合同的任何改動或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

23.單選題

ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStates（）HenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.

問題1選項

A.thanhad

B.thanwas

C.thandid

D.aswas

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。more...than...為有關(guān)比較的固定用法,

首先排除選項D。

did

代動詞,

代替hadaneffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleoftheUSA,

所以選項C正確。句意：恐怕沒有誰對大多數(shù)美國人的日常生活影響能超過汽車生產(chǎn)的先驅(qū)亨利.福特。

24.單選題

RossDouthatofferstheprovocativethesisthatmanyofthisnation’sbiggestblundersandtroublesaredueinlargeparttomeritocracyinwhichintelligentandtalentpeoplerisetopositionsofinfluence,forthatsuchpeoplearepronetoaformof（

）inwhichtheyoverestimatetheirabilitytounderstandandmanipulatetheworld.

問題1選項

A.hubris

B.charisma

C.ego

D.gregariousness

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項hubris“傲慢；狂妄自大”；B選項charisma“魅力；神授的能力”；C選項ego“自我”；D選項gregariousness“群集度；合群性”。空格部分句意：……因?yàn)檫@樣的人容易……，使他們高估自己理解和操縱世界的能力。因此A選項符合題意。

25.單選題

Therearesomepeoplewhowilluseanykindofargument,nomatterhowillogical,solongastheycan（

）anopponent.

問題1選項

A.rebuttal

B.disputewith

C.scoreoff

D.scornwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組及名詞詞義辨析。rebuttal“反駁；反證”；disputewith“與······爭論”；scoreoff“駁倒；挫敗”；“scornwith輕蔑；嘲笑”。句意：只要能駁倒對手，有些人將會使用任何一種論點(diǎn)，不管該論點(diǎn)是多么不合邏輯的。只有C項符合題意。

26.單選題

（）dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語的連接詞。修飾形容詞dull的詞必須為副詞，although和as是連詞，后面接句子，因此排除A和C；whatever后面接名詞，因此排除B。howeverdullhemaybe表示不管他有多遲鈍，因此D選項正確。

27.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上的文章報道了一組經(jīng)典的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定過量種群對老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口?！币虼薆為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會疾病。則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)驗(yàn)中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得知……，則排除D選項；可以得知A選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時會拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會讓她的幼崽獨(dú)自死去。則排除D選項；因此A項“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴(yán)重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

28.單選題

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustypes.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenter,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteed-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere?Weasksoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatitis?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafewhetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafeinwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty”，saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It'sthedangersparentscan’tandmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultlineformorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

1.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

2.WhatresponsedidUASToday’sreportdraw?

3.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

4.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics'?

5.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom（

）.

問題1選項

A.Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren'shealthinBerkeley.

B.Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C.TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D.ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

問題2選項

A.Aheateddebate.

B.Popularsupport.

C.Widespreadpanic.

D.Strongcriticism.

問題3選項

A.Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B.Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C.Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.

D.Theyweren'tconvincedoftheresults.

問題4選項

A.Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B.Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C.Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren'shealthhazards.

D.Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

問題5選項

A.theuncertain

B.thequantifiable

C.anearthquake

D.unhealthyfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqual