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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Awell-writtencomposition______goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.

問題1選項

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項callon“訪問,拜訪;號召,請求”;B選項callfor“要求;需要;提倡;邀請;為……叫喊;前往接某人”;C選項callup“打電話給;使想起;提出”;D選項calloff“取消;叫走;放棄;宣告終止”。句意:一篇寫得好的作文,除其他外,還要求選詞得當(dāng),條理清晰。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱贊;attest證明;ratify批準(zhǔn),認可;consider考慮。句意:他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠的鼓舞。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

問題1選項

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bewitched“(使)鬼迷心竅;(使)著迷,陶醉”;B選項bewildered“使迷惑,使不知所措”;C選項besmirched“弄臟;誹謗,玷污”;D選項beset“困擾;鑲嵌;圍繞”。句意:他情緒低落,工作過度,被那些欠他錢的人所困擾,他決定做個了結(jié)。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas()inashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項

A.beingcreated

B.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.tobecreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應(yīng)該被認為是在短時間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來的。根據(jù)civilization被create確定用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)create的動作從過去開始發(fā)生,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時,C選項havingbeencreated符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex(

)periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問題1選項

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過渡”;transaction“交易;事務(wù)”;transmission“傳動裝置,傳送;transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換;改革;變形”。句意:退休很明顯是一個復(fù)雜的過渡期,你越早計劃,越好。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to

(2)

greatextent,

(3)

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

(5)

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

(6)

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

(7)

thatheisprobablyascapable

(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

(9)

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

(10)

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

(11)

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

(12)

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

(13)

thestrengthandovercomethe

(14)

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

(15)

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

(16)

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

(17)

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

(18)

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

(19)

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

(20),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問題1選項

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問題2選項

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問題3選項

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問題4選項

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問題5選項

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問題6選項

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問題7選項

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問題8選項

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問題9選項

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問題10選項

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問題11選項

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問題12選項

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問題13選項

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問題14選項

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問題15選項

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問題16選項

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問題17選項

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問題18選項

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問題19選項

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問題20選項

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】(1)考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses(優(yōu)勢和劣勢)相對應(yīng),success(成功)對應(yīng)的詞是failure(失?。?,因此選C。

(2)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配,意為“很大程度上,非?!?。

(3)考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個插入語,dependon為固定搭配,意為“依賴,依靠”。

(4)考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用,表示具有某種性質(zhì),狀態(tài),位于句首,表示強調(diào)。正常語序為:Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名詞)

(5)考查動詞辨析。convince意為“使確信,使相信”;imagine意為“想象,設(shè)想”;understand意為“理解”;dream意為“夢想”。此處表示“如果一個人剛開始工作的人就確信自己不會喜歡……”。

(6)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語he,besurethat后面加從句,此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項工作”。

(7)考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配,意為“相信”。

(8)考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配,意為“有能力做某事,能夠做某事”。

(9)考查動詞辨析。risk意為“危險,冒險”;make意為“做”;reduce意為“減少”;possess意為“擁有,具有”。

(10)考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件,前提”;educational意為“教育的”;意為“手工的,體力的”;basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”。

(11)考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個弱勢”,having(擁有)與lacking(缺少)相對應(yīng),因此選C。

(12)考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對應(yīng)的技能,因此主語bookkeeper(記賬人,簿記員)需要會運算相關(guān)方面的能力,因此選D,add意為“加法”。

(13)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

(14)考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“克服缺點”,因此選B。

(15)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語意,因此選B,development意為“發(fā)展,進步”。

(16)考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個簡單句,需要有連詞連接,over與out不是連詞,since作連詞,意為“從……以后,由于,既然”,as作連詞,意為“隨著,由于”,此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”,因此選A。

(17)考查動詞辨析。calculate意為“計算”;move意為“移動,搬動”;drill意為“訓(xùn)練,演習(xí)”;deal意為“處理,涉及,論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細論述發(fā)展和加強學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過程”,因此選D。

(18)考查動詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學(xué)習(xí)技能”,因此選C。

(19)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow(你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境)可知此處表示“檢測你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢和劣勢”,因此選A,examine意為“檢查,調(diào)查”。

(20)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C,與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

7.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenfineart.MaximeBocher,eminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningoflastcentury,wrote,“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.

“Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.”

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmustshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii(半徑),chords,sectors,tangents(切線),diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegusto(愛好,興趣)ashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,norevenparalleled,andIwouldmakeboldtosay,notevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse.

Inmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.First,letusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverse.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,sayShelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththineheirtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwanderourcity,andsea,andland;touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerornarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbers,forexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathataisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoets’symbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.

2.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.

問題1選項

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項

A.Numericalskills.

B.Creation.

C.Imagination.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.

問題4選項

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項

A.numberstosignifybeauty

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.poemsasakindofsymbols

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.數(shù)學(xué)家的活動和藝術(shù)家的活動之間的相似之處是____。

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworldA.兩者都受外部世界的控制

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworldB.兩者都類似于世界的感覺

C.botharenotfancifulbutrealC.兩者都不是幻想的,而是真實的

D.bothinvolveconstantcreatingD.兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞similarity和theactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartists定位到原文第1段第4句,后半句提到“數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(theactivityofthemathematician),雖然不受外部感官世界的控制,卻需要不斷地創(chuàng)造(constantlycreating),這與藝術(shù)家的活動(totheactivitiesoftheartist),比如說畫家的活動,有相似之處(bearsaresemblance),我相信這不是幻想的,而是真實的?!庇纱丝芍?,數(shù)學(xué)家的活動和藝術(shù)家的活動之間的相似之處在于兩者都需要不斷創(chuàng)造。因此,D選項“兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“兩者都受外部世界的控制”,原文提到數(shù)學(xué)家的活動“不受外部感官世界的控制(notcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses)”,該選項表述錯誤;

B選項“兩者都類似于世界的感覺”,原文只提到了“外部感官世界(theexternalworldofthesenses)”,并沒有提到所謂“世界的感覺(thesensesoftheworld)”,該選項屬于偷換概念;

C選項“兩者都不是幻想的,而是真實的”,原文作者是說數(shù)學(xué)家與藝術(shù)家之間的相似性不是幻想的而是真實的,并不是說數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家的活動,該選項屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?在作者看來,成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家最重要的要素是什么?

A.Numericalskills.A.數(shù)學(xué)技巧。

B.Creation.B.創(chuàng)造力。

C.Imagination.C.想象力。

D.Senseofbeauty.D.美感。

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞makesagoodartistormathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“還有一些更微妙的品質(zhì),其中最主要的就是想象力(chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination),這些品質(zhì)有助于成為優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家(themakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician)。”由此可知,作者認為成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或畫家,最重要的是C選項“想象力”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“數(shù)學(xué)技巧”,可定位到原文第2段第1句,該句提到“然而,這些品質(zhì),盡管是最基本的,卻不能使一個畫家或數(shù)學(xué)家名符其實,它們也不是最重要的因素?!庇纱丝芍?,上一段提到的品質(zhì),如一些技巧(acertainamountofskill)和精確的推理能力(thepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint),并不能使他們被稱之為好的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家。該選項屬于曲解原文;

B選項“創(chuàng)造力”,原文并未提及;

D選項“美感”,原文并未提及。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?數(shù)學(xué)家是怎樣和詩人一樣展現(xiàn)美的?

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.A.數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式。

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.B.數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅。

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.C.數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式安排得對稱。

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.D.數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文。

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞exhibitthesameelementsofbeauty定位到原文第5段第一句,該句提到“在許多方面,數(shù)學(xué)展現(xiàn)出的美與一般公認的詩歌的本質(zhì)相同(exhibitsthesameelementsofbeauty)?!钡?句后半句提到“詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上”,第3句提到“他的詩在進入耳朵或思想之前,首先是視覺的(appealstotheeye)”;緊接著提到“類似地(similarly),數(shù)學(xué)家排列他的公式和方程式(linesuphisformulasandequations),以便它們的形式可以產(chǎn)生美學(xué)印象(sothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression)。”由此可知,詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上,產(chǎn)生視覺上的美感,而數(shù)學(xué)家也通過排列公式和方程式產(chǎn)生同樣的美感,A選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅”,原文沒有提到“證明(proofs)”,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式排列得對稱”,原文沒有提到“對稱(symmetry)”,但是提到了數(shù)學(xué)家會排列他們的公式和方程式,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文”,原文是說詩人會把他們寫的作品按韻文排列,而數(shù)學(xué)家也會排列他們的公式和方程式,該選項屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.詩歌優(yōu)于其他表達形式,因為它的____。

A.unusualdictionA.不尋常的措辭

B.imaginativeexpressionB.富有想象力的表達

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwordsC.象征、詞語的凝練和簡潔

D.condensationandimaginativedictionD.凝練和富有想象力的措辭

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poetry和superiortootherforms定位到原文第6段第1句,該句提到“詩歌相對于其他語言表達形式的優(yōu)勢,首先在于詩歌中使用的象征主義(firstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry),其次在于文字的極端濃縮和精簡(extremecondensationandeconomyofwords)?!庇纱丝芍?,C選項“象征、詞語的凝練和簡潔”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A選項“不尋常的措辭”、B選項“富有想象力的表達”、D選項“凝練和富有想象力的措辭”,均不符合原文表述,屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項釋義】

Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.就像詩人一樣,數(shù)學(xué)家也會____。

A.numberstosignifybeautyA.使用數(shù)字代表美麗

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparisonB.為了比較而使用的符號

C.poemsasakindpfsymbolsC.使用詩歌作為一種象征

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentrationD.為了凝練和集中而使用符號

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Justlikepoets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“數(shù)學(xué)家所做的事情和詩人所做的完全一樣?!北径巫詈笠痪涮岬健斑@些符號,就像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號一樣(mathematicalsymbols),也像詩人的符號一樣(likethepoets’symbols),是一種凝練的、集中的方式(acondensed,concentratedwayof),用來表述由簡單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系組成的長而復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)鏈?!庇纱丝芍?,數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家都會使用符號,因為這是一種凝練而集中的表達方式,D選項“為了凝練和集中而使用符號”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“使用數(shù)字代表美麗”,這不是數(shù)學(xué)家與詩人相同的地方,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“為了比較而使用的符號”,數(shù)學(xué)家使用符合不是為了比較,該選項屬于曲解原文;

C選項“使用詩歌作為一種象征”,數(shù)學(xué)家不是用詩歌來表示象征,而是使用字母(inalgebrathataisanumber),該選項屬于曲解原文。

8.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問題2選項

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問題3選項

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題4選項

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問題5選項

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations(Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計了一些實驗,以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說),可知實驗是為了驗證女性工資普遍較低的相關(guān)話題,A選項“與男性相比,女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項“一些女性不愿意進入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)”,C選項“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項“在試圖進入職場時,女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.(過去的實驗表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計了一些實驗,以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說),結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…(與之前的實驗一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……),可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實驗是為了解釋之前實驗現(xiàn)象的原因,結(jié)果與之前的實驗結(jié)果如出一轍,并且有進一步的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以為先前的實驗提供進一步的解釋,D選項“有助于解釋在之前實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項“表明有必要拋棄在之前實驗中使用的方法”:文中沒有提到早期實驗的方法以及對此的看法,屬于無中生有。B選項“傾向于削弱之前實驗設(shè)計所依據(jù)的假設(shè)”:其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設(shè),屬于反向干擾。C選項“表明早期實驗揭示的問題可能比以前認為的更廣泛”:文中沒有提到在早期實驗之前的觀點,屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項“做同樣的工作,男性付給自己的報酬往往比別人的多”:文中沒有對比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢差異,屬于無中生有。B選項“做同樣的工作,女性往往付給男性的錢比給其他女性的多”:根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.(女性給自己的報酬低于男性給自己的報酬……女性給自己的報酬低于其他女性,也低于男性給女性的報酬),文中沒有對比女性給其他女性和男性的報酬,屬于無中生有。C選項“做同樣的工作,男性付給女性的錢往往比給其他男性的少”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D選項“以上都不是”:A、B、C選項都不正確,因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen(女性付給自己的錢比男性付給女性的少),可知男性付給女性的報酬比女性給自己的報酬高,B選項“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項“與男性相比,女性一般不太關(guān)心工作的經(jīng)濟報酬”:根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork(女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀),可知女性沒有男性那么渴望較高的報酬,但不代表女性不關(guān)心自己得到的報酬是多少,屬于推理過度。C選項“工作報酬一般應(yīng)與工作質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)”和D選項“女性評判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability(女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀,不能完全基于她們對自己能力的判斷),可知女性不那么追求高報酬,并不是因為能力低,A選項“用收入多少來衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項“婦女寧愿重視犧牲,也不愿要求對她們工作的回報”和D選項“女性通常對她們應(yīng)該從工作中獲得多少錢漠不關(guān)心”:雖然女性沒有要求那么高的報酬,但不至于對錢漠不關(guān)心,愿意做出巨大的犧牲,屬于推理過度。C選項“女性傾向于通過自我價值而不是金錢價值來評估自己的工作能力”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents(

).

問題1選項

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句子主語是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等詞,后面的表語從句中要用到虛擬語氣:should+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里should可以省略,句意為,對于碩士學(xué)位的要求之一是:學(xué)生應(yīng)該通過論文答辯。分析四個選項,B最符合題意。

10.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.(

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.(

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.(

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.(

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarea

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