考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大理農(nóng)林職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大理農(nóng)林職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Althoughthetrafficisnotbusy,helikestodriveata（）speed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spare

B.fast

C.moderate

D.moral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。spare“額外的，空閑的”；fast“迅速的”；moderate“適度的，穩(wěn)健的”；moral“有道德的”。句意：盡管交通不擁擠，他喜歡以適中的速度開(kāi)車。由although和notbusy可知空格處應(yīng)填意思與之相反的詞。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Theteachersaidthathewouldn’ttolerate______lateeveryday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formetoarrive

B.mearrived

C.metoarrive

D.myarriving

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。句意：老師說(shuō)他不能容忍我每天遲到。toleratesth.意為“忍受某事”；toleratedoingsth.意為“忍受繼續(xù)做相同的事”；toleratetodosth.意為“忍受做另一件事”，所以D選項(xiàng)myarriving作賓語(yǔ)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thepolicecarriedoutan（

）investigation,butthemissingwomanwasnotyetfound.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausting

B.exhaustible

C.exhaustive

D.exhausted

【答案】C

【解析】exhausting使精疲力竭的；exhaustible可被用盡的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的；exhausted疲憊的，耗盡的。根據(jù)句意可知這里指徹底的調(diào)查，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。gloomy意為“黑暗的，沮喪的，前景黯淡的”；miserable意為“痛苦的，可憐的”；shadowy意為“朦朧的，模糊的”；obscure意為“昏暗的，朦朧的”。句意：盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)不景氣，制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出略有上升。

5.單選題

Therecentnewsofthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep—inwhichthesheep’sDNAwasinsertedintoanunfertilizedsheepeggtoproducealambwithidenticalDNA—hasgeneratedanoutpouringofethicalconcerns.TheseconcernsarenotaboutDolly,thenowfamoussheep,norevenabouttheconsiderableimpactcloningmayhaveontheanimalbreedingindustry,butratheraboutthepossibilityofcloninghumans.Forthemostpart,however,theethicalconcernsbeingraisedareexaggeratedandmisplaced,becausetheyarebasedonerroneousviewsaboutwhatgenesareandwhattheycando.Thedanger,therefore,liesnotinthepowerofthetechnology,butinthemisunderstandingofitssignificance.

Producingacloneofahumanbeingwouldnotamounttocreatinga“carboncopy”—anautomatonofthesortfamiliarfromsciencefiction.Itwouldbemorelikeproducingadelayedidenticaltwin.Andjustasidenticaltwinsaretwoseparatepeople—biologically,psychologically,morallyandlegally,thoughnotgenetically—sotoembraceabeliefingeneticdeterminism—theviewthatgenesdetermineeverythingaboutus,andthatenvironmentalfactorsortherandomeventsinhumandevelopmentareutterlyinsignificant.Theoverwhelmingconsensusamonggeneticistsisthatgeneticdeterminismisfalse.

Asgeneticistshavecometounderstandthewaysinwhichgenesoperate,theyhavealsobecomeawareofthemyriadwaysinwhichtheenvironmentaffectstheir“expression”.Thegeneticcontributiontothesimplestphysicaltraits,suchasheightandhaircolor,issignificantlymediatedbyenvironmentalfactors.Andthegeneticcontributiontothetraitswevaluemostdeeply,fromintelligencetocompassion,isconcededbyeventhemostenthusiasticgeneticresearcherstobelimitedandindirect.Indeed,weneedonlyappealtoourordinaryexperiencewithidenticaltwins—thattheyaredifferentpeopledespitetheirsimilarities—toappreciatethatgeneticdeterminismisfalse.

Furthermore,becauseoftheextrastepsinvolved,cloningwillprobablyalwaysberiskier—thatis,lesslikelytoresultinalivebirth—thatinvitrofertilization(IVF)andembryotransfer.Forexample,ittookmorethan275attemptsbeforetheresearcherswereabletoobtainasuccessfulsheepclone.Whilecloningmethodsmayimprove,weshouldnotethatevenstandardIVFtechniquestypicallyhavesuccessrateoflessthan20percent.Sowhywouldanyonegotothetroubleofcloning?

1.Whatprocessresultedinthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep?

2.Accordingtotheessay,inwhatrespecttherelationshipbetweenaclonedhumanbeinganditscounterpartissimilartotherelationshipoftwins?

3.Whatdoestheconceptofgeneticdeterminismstate?

4.Whatareexamplesofgeneticcontribution?

5.Accordingtothepassage,wheredoesthedangerofcloningliein?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Invitrofertilization.

B.Embryotransfer.

C.Theinsertionofamaturesheep’sDNAintoanunfertilizedegg.

D.Theadoptionofphysicalandgeneticcharacteristics.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothaclonedhumanbeingandapartoftwinshavethesameconceptionsofmorality.

B.Theenvironmentoneisbornintoaffectstheirconceptionsofreality.

C.Theconnectionisstrictlygenetic.

D.Thesimilaritiesarebiological,legal,moralandpsychological.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thateachindividual’sDNAdeterminestheircapabilitiesinliferegardlessofenvironmentalmorality.

B.Environmentalfactorsgreatlyinfluencepersons’actionsandbeliefs.

C.Bothgenesandenvironmentsdeterminehumantraits.

D.Identicaltwinshavethecapacitytobecompletelyindependentbeingsandhaveindividualideas.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hairandeyecolor.

B.Achild’sattitudetowardstheirparents.

C.Aperson’svalues.

D.Fashionstyle.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepoweroftechnology.

B.Ethicalandmoralissues.

C.Themistakenunderstandingofitssignificance.

D.Theexactreplicationofdangerouspeople.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話提到inwhichthesheep’sDNAwasinsertedintoanunfertilizedsheepeggtoproducealambwithidenticalDNA,所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到克隆人的產(chǎn)生就像一對(duì)完全相同的雙胞胎。接著指出雙胞胎是兩個(gè)人，除了基因相似外，生理、心理、道德和法律上都是相對(duì)獨(dú)立的，所以選項(xiàng)A、C、D可以排除，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第二段…theviewthatgenesdetermineeverythingaboutus,andthatenvironmentalfactorsortherandomeventsinhumandevelopmentareutterlyinsignificant,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第三段thegeneticcontributiontothesimplestphysicaltraits,suchasheightandhaircolor“基因只會(huì)對(duì)非常簡(jiǎn)單的特點(diǎn)有所影響，比如身高和頭發(fā)顏色”，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章第一段最后一句話Thedanger,therefore,liesnotinthepowerofthetechnology,butintheunderstandingofitssignificance.“因此危險(xiǎn)并不是在于技術(shù)的力量，而是在對(duì)其重要性的理解上。”選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查固定詞組的含義,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,snatchup奪取,搶奪;catchon理解,多用于口語(yǔ)中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警覺(jué),小心。句意：約翰說(shuō)他不是很理解,讓我再重復(fù)一遍說(shuō)過(guò)的話。因此,本題選B。

7.單選題

Australiaisstrugglingtocopewiththeconsequencesofadevastatingdrought.Astheworldwarmsup,othercountriesshouldpay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heel

B.heal

C.heed

D.head

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。選項(xiàng)中只有heed與pay相搭配，payheed表示“注意；留心”。句意：澳大利亞正在努力應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難性干旱的后果。隨著世界變暖，其他國(guó)家也應(yīng)該注意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Pleasebeserious.Iamnot（）.Youshouldconsideritcarefully.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorting

B.joking

C.counting

D.comparing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。sort“將…分類”；joke“開(kāi)玩笑”；count“計(jì)數(shù)”；compare“比較”。句意：請(qǐng)嚴(yán)肅點(diǎn)，我不是開(kāi)玩笑的。你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)地想想。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

在西方，啟蒙思想的支撐源于人們對(duì)于客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)知，如哥白尼的“日心說(shuō)”、牛頓的“萬(wàn)有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙論”等，認(rèn)為整個(gè)宇宙中的一切物體都遵守同一定律，進(jìn)而沖破千年的宗教束縛，將這一一理性思考引入了人類社會(huì)，從而開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)取的新時(shí)代。在中國(guó)，幾千年的封建農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，使得科技落后、法治傳統(tǒng)缺乏，只是受到近代西方啟蒙思想(包括馬克思主義)的影響，才引入了科學(xué)、民主、法治的概念，開(kāi)始與世界文明接軌。

【答案】Inthewest,theenlightenmentofthesupportfromthepeoplefortheobjectivelawsofcognition,suchasCopernicus’heliocentrictheory,“gravity”ofNewton,Galileo’s“cosmology”etc,thinkthateverythingintheuniversearesubjecttothesamelaw,toshakeofftheyokeofthereligioninonethousandwillbetheonetothinkrationallytheintroductionofhumansociety,whichopenedaneweraofcontinuousimprovement.InChina,thethousandsofyearsoffeudalagriculturalsocietymadescienceandtechnologybackwardandthetraditionofruleoflawlacking.Itwasonlyundertheinfluenceofmodernwesternenlightenmentthoughts(includingMarxism)thattheconceptsofscience,democracyandruleoflawwereintroducedandbegantoconnectwiththeworldcivilization.

10.單選題

Wehaveacrisisonourhands.Youmeanglobalwarming?Theworldeconomy?No,thedeclineofreading.Peoplearejustnotdoingitanymore,especiallytheyoung.Who’sresponsible?Actually,it’smorelike,Whatisresponsible?TheInternet,ofcourse,andeverythingthatcomeswithit—Facebook,Twitter(微博).Youcanwriteyourownlist.

There’sbeenawarningabouttheimminentdeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtospelldoomforthewrittenworld.Nonedid.Readingsurvived;infactitnotonlysurvived,ithasflourished.Theworldismoreliteratethaneverbefore—therearemoreandmorereaders,andmoreandmorebooks.

Thefactthatweoftengetourreadingmaterialonlinetodayisnotsomethingweshouldworryover.Theelectronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshasarguablyshownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.Takethearrivalofe-bookreadersasanexample.DeviceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.

Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwritingpossible,newwaysofreadingarepossible.Interconnectivityallowsforthepossibilityofareadingexperiencethatwasbarelyimaginablebefore.Wheretraditionalbookshadtomakedowithphotographsandillustrations,ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimitednumberoflinks:totexts,pictures,andvideos,inthefuture,thewaypeoplewritenovels,history,andphilosophywillresemblenothingseeninthepast.

Ontheotherhand,thereisthedangeroftrivialization.OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowerssingle-sentence-long“digests”ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshouldfearthefragmentationofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.

Insuchafast-changingworld,inwhichrealityseemstoberemadeeachday,weneedtheabilitytofocusandunderstandwhatishappeningtous.Thishasalwaysbeenthefunctionofliteratureandweshouldbecarefulnottoletitdisappear.Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmodemtechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.

Inthe15thcentury,JohannesGuttenberg’sinventionoftheprintingpressinEuropehadahugeimpactoncivilization.Onceuponatimethephysicalbookwasachallengingthing.Weshouldrememberthisbeforeweassumethattechnologyisouttodestroytraditionalculture.

1.Whichofthefollowingparagraphsbrieflyreviewsthehistoricalchallengesforreading?

2.Thefollowingareallcitedasadvantagesofe-booksEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbebesttodescribehowtheauthorfeelstowardsingle-sentence-longnovels?

4.Accordingtothepassage,peopleneedknowledgeofmoderntechnologyand（）tosurviveinthefast-changingsociety.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ParagraphOne

B.ParagraphTwo

C.ParagraphThree

D.ParagraphFour

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.multimodalcontent

B.environmentalfriendliness

C.convenienceforreaders

D.imaginativedesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ironic

B.Worried

C.Sarcastic

D.Doubtful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.goodjudgment

B.highsensitivity

C.goodimagination

D.theabilitytofocus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technologypushesthewayforwardforreadingandwriting

B.Interconnectivityisafeatureofnewreadingexperience

C.Technologyisanopportunityandachallengefortraditionalreading

D.Technologyoffersagreatervarietyofreadingpractice

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.段落大意題。題干：哪一個(gè)段落簡(jiǎn)要回顧了閱讀的歷史挑戰(zhàn)？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞historicalchallengesforreading定位至第二段第1-2句There’sbeenawarningabouttheimminentdeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtospelldoomforthewrittenworld.（很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，一直有關(guān)于文化文明即將滅亡的警告。在20世紀(jì)，首先是電影，然后是廣播，然后是電視，似乎預(yù)示著文字世界的毀滅。），第一句話表明本段將會(huì)回顧閱讀在以前的歷史時(shí)期經(jīng)歷過(guò)的挑戰(zhàn)，第二句話就說(shuō)明了曾經(jīng)有來(lái)自于哪幾方面的挑戰(zhàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)“第二段”，是本題的正確答案；文章第一段講的是當(dāng)今閱讀面臨衰退的危機(jī)及原因；第三段講我們其實(shí)無(wú)需對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展過(guò)慮；第四段的中心是現(xiàn)代科技帶給閱讀的好處，所以都應(yīng)排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下都被認(rèn)為是電子書(shū)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，除了_______。由題干定位到文章第三段最后一句話DeviceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.（像Kindle這樣的閱讀設(shè)備比傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)書(shū)更方便，也更環(huán)保），所以B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境友好”和C選項(xiàng)“方便讀者”，符合題意；第四段第三句指出ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimitednumberoflinks:totexts,pictures,andvideos（電子書(shū)可以為讀者提供無(wú)限數(shù)量的鏈接:文本、圖片和視頻），可見(jiàn)電子圖書(shū)的內(nèi)容豐富形式多樣，A選項(xiàng)“多模式的內(nèi)容”是對(duì)該句中提及優(yōu)勢(shì)的概括，所以A選項(xiàng)也符合題意；第四段的第二句話Interconnectivityallowsforthepossibilityofareadingexperiencethatwasbarelyimaginablebefore.（互聯(lián)性使閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)成為可能，這是以前幾乎無(wú)法想象的。），是說(shuō)閱讀經(jīng)歷是從前無(wú)法想象的，而不是電子圖書(shū)的設(shè)計(jì)具有想象力，故D選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的設(shè)計(jì)”，屬于曲解文章意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能最好地描述作者對(duì)單句小說(shuō)的感覺(jué)？由題干的關(guān)鍵詞“single-sentence-long”定位至第五段。該段首句作者就指出thereisthedangeroftrivialization（有一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是閱讀的淺薄化），并在該段最后一句中指出Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.（目前存在的危險(xiǎn)是：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的高速連接會(huì)減少我們注意力的持續(xù)時(shí)間，結(jié)果是我們不能夠閱讀長(zhǎng)篇論著，或是閱讀需要高度集中注意力的書(shū)籍。），這些均表明了作者的擔(dān)心，故B選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心的”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”，C選項(xiàng)“挖苦的”和D選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”，根據(jù)文義，作者并無(wú)諷刺，懷疑的意思，排除A、C、D選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，人們需要現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和_______的知識(shí)來(lái)在快速變化的社會(huì)中生存。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmodemtechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.（我們的社會(huì)需要能夠想象出這樣一種可能性：一個(gè)人與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)完全合拍，但又能夠理解一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的、令人困惑的世界。），可知knowledgeofmoderntechnology對(duì)應(yīng)intunewithmoderntechnology，而makesenseofadynamic，confusingworld則對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“良好的判斷力”，故A選項(xiàng)為答案。B選項(xiàng)“高度敏感性”，C選項(xiàng)“豐富的想象力”和D選項(xiàng)“集中注意力的能力”與原句中makesenseof的意思相距甚遠(yuǎn)，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？本文開(kāi)篇提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)對(duì)閱讀造成的影響。之后回顧了過(guò)去科技的發(fā)展曾經(jīng)對(duì)閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅，接著講到閱讀的新趨勢(shì)和方式。第五段說(shuō)明科技的發(fā)展對(duì)閱讀所造成的具體影響。第六段提到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中需要什么樣的人——既適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展,又理解現(xiàn)在的變化。末段提到閱讀本身也曾經(jīng)是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，引發(fā)人們思考如何應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技對(duì)閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅。雖然文章沒(méi)有明確提出中心思想，首段還提到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)造成了閱讀人數(shù)的下降，但隨后各部分內(nèi)容并沒(méi)有對(duì)科技發(fā)展做出否定，而是為人們指明了正確的方向和途徑，尤其末段說(shuō)明了事物的兩面性，C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)閱讀來(lái)說(shuō)既是機(jī)遇，也是挑戰(zhàn)”，很好地概括了文章的主旨大意，故為正確答案。由第三段第二句Theelectronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshasarguablyshownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.（過(guò)去二十年的電子和數(shù)字革命可以說(shuō)為閱讀和寫作指明了前進(jìn)的道路。），可知A選項(xiàng)“科技推動(dòng)了閱讀和寫作的發(fā)展”是該段內(nèi)容，而非全文中心意思，故排除；B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)性是新閱讀體驗(yàn)的特征”是對(duì)第四段第二句的解釋，屬于細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，故排除；D選項(xiàng)“科技提供了更多種類的閱讀實(shí)踐”是對(duì)第四段第三句的概括，與主旨無(wú)關(guān)，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，操作”，B項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，控制”，C項(xiàng)dominate“占優(yōu)勢(shì)，支配”，D項(xiàng)prevail表示“盛行，流行”。句意：預(yù)計(jì)政府將制定新的立法來(lái)規(guī)范外國(guó)在房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的投資。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Politicianslie,andpeoplewithapoliticalagenda（

）thefactstoservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slant

B.imitate

C.transfer

D.converse

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。slant帶有偏見(jiàn)地報(bào)道或陳述；imitate模仿，效仿；transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移；converse交談，談話。句意：政客們?nèi)鲋e，抱有政治目的的人歪曲事實(shí)來(lái)逢迎他們。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.released

C.issued

D.published

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharge“準(zhǔn)許（某人）離開(kāi)，釋放，排出”；B選項(xiàng)release“釋放，發(fā)泄，免除”；C選項(xiàng)issue“發(fā)行，發(fā)布”；D選項(xiàng)publish“出版，發(fā)表，公布”。句意：政府頒布條例來(lái)保護(hù)這個(gè)考古遺址。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

（）intheirislandcommunity,thevarioustribesusedlanguageswhichbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother's.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Managed

B.Shrunk

C.Assumed

D.Isolated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。manage"經(jīng)營(yíng),管理";shrink"收縮,退縮";assume"假設(shè),猜想";isolate"使隔離,使孤立,使脫離"。句意：在與世隔絕的島上，各個(gè)部落使用的語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越相似。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Theyoungmanwasatthe_______ofhiscareerwhenhewaskilledinacaraccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.zenith

B.glamour

C.bloom

D.blossom

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。zenith“鼎盛時(shí)期”；glamour“魅力”；bloom“開(kāi)花”；blossom“開(kāi)花期”。句意：這個(gè)年輕人處在事業(yè)鼎盛時(shí)期，當(dāng)他死于一場(chǎng)交通事故的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEETII.

“MyViewsaboutAmbitionMakesaMan”

【答案】略

17.單選題

Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respect...crucial

B.dismissal...simplistic

C.skepticism...unfathomable

D.opposition...indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析和形容詞詞義辨析。respect“尊敬，尊重”；crucial“重要的,決定性的”；dismissal“解雇，免職”；simplistic“過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)單化的，過(guò)分單純化的”；skepticism“懷疑論，懷疑的態(tài)度”；unfathomable“深不可測(cè)的，無(wú)底的”；opposition“反對(duì)，反對(duì)派”；indisputable“不容置疑的，不可爭(zhēng)辯的”。句意：令科學(xué)家困惑的是，盡管他的理論被一致認(rèn)為是不容置疑的，但是還是遭到了反對(duì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Sleeprestoresthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgettherecommendedeighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep,nearlyanhourandahalflessthanwhattheaveragepersonreceivedacenturyago.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheprevalenceandseverityofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklongshifts,orsufferfrominsomnia(失眠)orjetlag.Othersaredeprivedofsleepbecausetheyworktoohard,stayouttoolate,ortrytodotoomanythingsinaday.Adultswhoregularlysleepsixhoursorlessmightthinktheyaccomplishmorebystayinguplate,buttheypayforitthenextdaywhentheyfeelsleepyorirritableorareunabletoconcentrate,rememberthings,orbeveryeffectiveattheirwork.

Studiesshowthatthebrainisadverselyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjectswhousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinahospitalsleeplaboratoryduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveralcognitivetasks,suchasarithmeticandwordproblems,whileundergoingmagneticresonance(共振)scansoftheirbrainactivity.Thescansrecordedeachsubject’sbrainactivityfromarestedstatethroughvariousstagesofsleepdeprivationoverthe35-hourperiod.Thescansproducedimagesshowingincreasedactivityinsomeregionsofthebrainanddecreasedactivityinothers.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobeofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactivatedduringverbaltasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsleep-deprivedsubjects.Whensubjectswerefullyrested,theirmagneticresonancescansshowedthatthetemporallobewasveryactive.However,afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Theeffectsoftheinactivityincludedslurredspeechinthesubjectswhohadgoneforprolongedperiodswithnosleep.

Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepanightcanimpairshort-termmemory,coordination,reactiontime,andjudgment—thusposingaseriousriskofaccidentorinjury.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadsomeofthesamehazardouseffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17to19hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.05percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Thestudyalsofoundthat16to60percentofroadaccidentsinvolvedsleepdeprivation.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.

Thereareotherproblemsassociatedwithsleepdeprivationbeyondimpairedmotorskillsandjudgment.Driverswhogettoolittlesleepmayhavehigherlevelsofstress,anxietyanddepression,maytakeunnecessaryrisks,ormayexpressragetowardotherdrivers.Thesedangersaffectnotonlydriversbutalsopeoplewhoworklongshiftsornightshifts,suchasmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers.Thedangersofsleepdeprivationgofarbeyondtheobviousrisksandcan,infact,undermineallareasofanindividual’sphysicalandmentalhealth.

6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?

7.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.

8.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_____.

9.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdidresearcherslearnaboutsubjectswhohadgoneseveralhourswithoutsleep?

10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.

B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshavenotstudiedtheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation.

C.Sleepdeprivationusedtoaffectonlycertainprofessions,butnowitoccursinallsectorsoftheworkingpopulation.

D.Healthprofessionalshavejuststartedtounderstandthatsleepdeprivationinworkersisaseriousproblem.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.jetlag

B.longworkhours

C.boringwork

D.workingatnight

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleep

B.howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterrupted

C.thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleep

D.theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesubjectswereunabletocompletesimplewordproblems.

B.Thesubjectshadnoactivityinpartofthebrainduringverbaltasks.

C.Thesubjectscouldsolvesomecognitivetasksbetterthanothers.

D.Thesubjectsfeltterribleandexpressedangerintheirspeech.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areatriskforexperiencinganxietyanddepression

B.aremorelikelythandriverstobedeprivedofsleep

C.arenotawarethattheymaysufferfromsleepdeprivation

D.arerarelyabletofindjobswithdaytimehours

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?6.下面哪個(gè)句子最好地表達(dá)了第1段中突出顯示的句子中的重要信息?

A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.A.一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員沒(méi)有睡眠不足的經(jīng)歷；然而，現(xiàn)在這是他們工作的一部分。

B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshavenotstudiedtheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation.B.很難理解為什么健康專家沒(méi)有研究睡眠剝奪的后果。

C.Sleepdeprivationusedtoaffectonlycertainprofessions,butnowitoccursinallsectorsoftheworkingpopulation.C.睡眠不足過(guò)去只影響某些職業(yè)，但現(xiàn)在它發(fā)生在工作人口的所有部門。

D.Healthprofessionalshavejuststartedtounderstandthatsleepdeprivationinworkersisaseriousproblem.D.健康專業(yè)人員剛剛開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到工人睡眠不足是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段第四句話“直到最近幾年，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員才開(kāi)始意識(shí)到工作人口中睡眠不足的普遍性和嚴(yán)重性”，這句是D選項(xiàng)的同意替換，所以答案選D“健康專業(yè)人員剛剛開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到工人睡眠不足是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員沒(méi)有睡眠不足的經(jīng)歷；然而，現(xiàn)在這是他們工作的一部分”，這句講的是從業(yè)人員意識(shí)到睡眠不足帶來(lái)的后果，而這個(gè)后果是以前沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)的，不是衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員自己睡眠不足，這里屬于曲意理解。

B選項(xiàng)“很難理解為什么健康專家沒(méi)有研究睡眠剝奪的后果”，這里文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足過(guò)去只影響某些職業(yè)，但現(xiàn)在它發(fā)生在工作人口的所有部門”，加粗句子沒(méi)有講到以前睡眠不足會(huì)影響某個(gè)職業(yè)而是講以前沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠不足對(duì)人的健康影響，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

7.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.7.這篇文章提到了以下所有導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的原因，除了______。

A.jetlagA.倒時(shí)差

B.longworkhoursB.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作

C.boringworkC.無(wú)聊的工作

D.workingatnightD.晚上工作

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】C選項(xiàng)“無(wú)聊的工作”，文章沒(méi)有提及，所以答案選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“倒時(shí)差”，定位到第一段第五句“很多人在晚上工作，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間輪班，或者失眠（失眠）或倒時(shí)差”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作”，見(jiàn)A選項(xiàng)，由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“晚上工作”，見(jiàn)A選項(xiàng)，由此可知D選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

8.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_____.8.第2段所述的研究目的是確定_____。

A.howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleepA.不睡覺(jué)人能活多少小時(shí)

B.howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterruptedB.人們?cè)谒弑淮驍鄷r(shí)的反應(yīng)

C.thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleepC.睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的變化

D.theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivityD.睡眠剝奪對(duì)大腦活動(dòng)的影響

【考查點(diǎn)】判斷推理題

【解題思路】第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第六句“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在睡眠充足的受試者進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言任務(wù)時(shí)，大腦中負(fù)責(zé)語(yǔ)言處理的顳葉會(huì)被激活，而在（but）睡眠不足的受試者中則不會(huì)”，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的從對(duì)照組可以看出來(lái)，這里的對(duì)照組是睡眠充足者與睡眠不足者做同一個(gè)任務(wù)的對(duì)照。第二步，尋找上下文線索，實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是第二段第一句話，“睡眠不足（sleepdeprivation）會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生不利影響，因?yàn)樗咂陂g發(fā)生的某些電和化學(xué)活動(dòng)模式被打斷，大腦無(wú)法正常工作?！?，由此可以推斷，答案選D選項(xiàng)“睡眠剝奪對(duì)大腦活動(dòng)的影響”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不睡覺(jué)人能活多少小時(shí)”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谒弑淮驍鄷r(shí)的反應(yīng)”，定位到文章第二段第一句話，“睡眠不足會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生不利影響，因?yàn)樗咂陂g發(fā)生的某些電和化學(xué)活動(dòng)模式被打斷（interrupted），大腦無(wú)法正常工作。”，這里是實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，不是實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的，這里屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的變化”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

9.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdidresearcherslearnaboutsubjectswhohadgoneseveralhourswithoutsleep?9.根據(jù)第2段，研究人員對(duì)幾個(gè)小時(shí)不睡覺(jué)的受試者了解到了什么?

A.Thesubjectswereunabletocompletesimplewordproblems.A.受試者無(wú)法完成簡(jiǎn)單的文字問(wèn)題。

B.Thesubjectshadnoactivityinpartofthebrainduringverbaltasks.B.受試者的部分大腦在語(yǔ)言任務(wù)中沒(méi)有活動(dòng)。

C.Thesubjectscouldsolvesomecognitivetasksbetterthanothers.C.受試者能夠比其他人更好地解決一些認(rèn)知任務(wù)。

D.Thesubjectsfeltterribleandexpressedangerintheirspeech.D.受試者感覺(jué)很糟糕，并在他們的說(shuō)話中表達(dá)了憤怒。

【考查點(diǎn)】判斷推理題

【解題思路】定位到文章第二段第六句“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在睡眠充足的受試者進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言任務(wù)時(shí)，大腦中負(fù)責(zé)語(yǔ)言處理的顳葉會(huì)被激活（activated），而（butnotin）在睡眠不足的受試者中則不會(huì)”和第二段最后一句“不活動(dòng)的影響包括那些長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)的受試者說(shuō)話含糊不清（slurredspeech）”，由此可知那些沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)的受試者大腦負(fù)責(zé)語(yǔ)言處理的部分不會(huì)被激活從而造成語(yǔ)言含糊的情況，所以可以推斷答案選B選項(xiàng)“受試者的部分大腦在語(yǔ)言任務(wù)中沒(méi)有活動(dòng)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“受試者無(wú)法完成簡(jiǎn)單的文字問(wèn)題”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)解析，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果是不睡覺(jué)影響語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有顯示會(huì)影響文字系統(tǒng)，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“受試者能夠比其他人更好地解決一些認(rèn)知任務(wù)”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)解析，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果是不睡覺(jué)影響語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有顯示會(huì)影響認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“受試者感覺(jué)很糟糕，并在他們的說(shuō)話中表達(dá)了憤怒”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)解析，結(jié)果顯示不睡覺(jué)的人說(shuō)話含糊，沒(méi)有說(shuō)不睡覺(jué)的人說(shuō)話會(huì)很憤怒。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers____.10.從第4段可以推斷，醫(yī)務(wù)人員和其他急救人員____。

A.areatriskforexperiencinganxietyanddepressionA.有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

B.aremorelikelythandriverstobedeprivedofsleepB.比司機(jī)更容易被剝奪睡眠

C.arenotawarethattheymaysufferfromsleepdeprivationC.沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們可能遭受睡眠剝奪

D.arerarelyabletofindjobswithdaytimehoursD.他們很少能在白天找到工作

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第四段第二三句話“睡眠不足的司機(jī)可能會(huì)有更高程度的壓力、焦慮和抑郁，可能會(huì)冒不必要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，或者可能會(huì)對(duì)其他司機(jī)表達(dá)憤怒。這些危險(xiǎn)不僅影響司機(jī)，也影響那些長(zhǎng)時(shí)間輪班或夜班的人，如醫(yī)務(wù)人員和其他急救人員。”，第二步，綜合理解，由此可知司機(jī)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不睡會(huì)有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，醫(yī)護(hù)人員也有長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不睡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以也會(huì)有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“比司機(jī)更容易被剝奪睡眠”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里只是說(shuō)睡眠少的某些職業(yè)人員會(huì)有患精神疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是沒(méi)有在兩者之間作比較，這里屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們可能遭受睡眠剝奪”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們很少能在白天找到工作”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

19.單選題

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)outgrew“過(guò)大而不適于，出生，長(zhǎng)大成熟而不再”；B選項(xiàng)overthrew“扔出，拋出”；C選項(xiàng)overpassed“通過(guò)，度過(guò)”；D選項(xiàng)overflew“（尤指液體）溢出，（容器）滿得溢出，擠滿人了，淹沒(méi)”。句意：人群（）了大廳，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大廳”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。even,still修飾表示級(jí)，意為“更……”，little的比較級(jí)為less，因此選B。

句意：他數(shù)學(xué)懂得很少，化學(xué)懂得更少了。

21.單選題

Theevilmannerswouldbe（

）rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.facilitated

D.emitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:由于地方政府的強(qiáng)力措施，壞習(xí)慣會(huì)終究被根除。

exterminate消滅；根除。exemplify例證；例示。facilitate促進(jìn)；幫助；使容易。emit發(fā)出，放射；發(fā)行；發(fā)表。

22.單選題

Drivingaracingcaronaspeedway（）ahorseonabridlepath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isinsomewayslikewhenyouareriding

B.isinsomewaysisinthesameclassasriding

C.isinsomewayssimilartowhenyouareriding

D.isinsomewayssimilartoriding

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。此句句意為：在高速公路上駕駛賽車在某些方面