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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津國土資源和房屋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Mr.Smith(

)withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

問題1選項

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中“by+thetime”可知,這里應(yīng)為完成時,首先排除選項A和C;Mr.Smith和work之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,所以選項B正確。

2.單選題

Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it()sixhours.

問題1選項

A.ended

B.finished

C.was

D.lasted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:這是我們做過的最大的實驗。此實驗持續(xù)6小時。結(jié)合此處語境,D為正確答案。

3.單選題

Hesaidthathehadno___ofthe1978interviewandthathehadneverseenitinprint.

問題1選項

A.recollection

B.memory

C.reminder

D.recognition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項recollection“回憶;回憶起的事物”;B選項memory“記憶,記憶力;內(nèi)存,[計]存儲器;回憶”;C選項reminder“暗示;提醒的人/物;催單”;D選項recognition“識別;承認;認出;重視;贊譽;公認”。句意:他說,他不___1978年的那次采訪,也從未在報紙上看到過。本句表達“不記得那次采訪”,因B此選項正確。

4.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

5.單選題

Thedinner________prepared,Itookanapbeforetheguestsarrived.

問題1選項

A.be

B.being

C.havingbeen

D.tobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:晚餐做好了我在客人來之前打了個盹。主句的謂語動詞“took”是過去時,而根據(jù)句意晚餐是在“我”睡覺之前就已經(jīng)做好了,是一種完成的狀態(tài),所以答案要選C:現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。A選項會造成主句有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu),而句子中間沒有連詞,所以不能選A;B選項表示現(xiàn)在而D選項表示將來,不符合題意。

6.單選題

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople(

)andasksthemquestions.

問題1選項

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。atlength意為“充分地”;atrandom意為“任意地,隨便地”;inessence意為“本質(zhì)上,大體上”;inbulk意為“大量,整批”。

句意:當心理學(xué)家要做一個關(guān)于人類思維的常規(guī)實驗時,他會隨機地選擇人并問他們問題。

7.單選題

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

問題1選項

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。limit限制,限定;restrain抑制,控制,制止;confine限制,禁閉;restrict限制,約束,限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、數(shù)量等;limit一般指空間、時間或數(shù)量的極限;confine側(cè)重于不可逾越的限制,比如束縛、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常與from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意:警察很難阻止歌迷們沖上臺與歌手合影。所以選項B更符合本句語境。

8.單選題

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith“nonhumancreatures”suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca“l(fā)ines”ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken’stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica’spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound().

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the()imagestheypresent.

3.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof().

5.Theauthoris()abouttheroleoftheInternetinsolvingmysteries.

問題1選項

A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena

B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru

C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope

D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries

問題2選項

A.inmountains

B.instones

C.onanimals

D.onaplain

問題3選項

A.smaller

B.larger

C.clearer

D.brighter

問題4選項

A.theparticipationofscientists

B.theemergenceoftheInternet

C.thebirthofnewtheories

D.theinterestintheInternet

問題5選項

A.cautious

B.pessimistic

C.uncertain

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干:以下哪個選項的陳述不正確?文章第一段第三句指出OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.(直到最近,拉丁美洲也開始受到一些關(guān)注。),可知A選項“拉丁美洲長期以來一直因異?,F(xiàn)象而受到關(guān)注”,與原文意思矛盾,表述不正確,答案選A;根據(jù)第一段最后一句話AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.(盡管阿茲特克文明、瑪雅文明和印加文明的奧秘已經(jīng)為人所知好幾個世紀了,但現(xiàn)在公眾也開始意識到在秘魯?shù)葒页霈F(xiàn)了不尋常的超自然現(xiàn)象。),可知B選項“公眾的注意力現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向了像秘魯這樣的國家”和D選項“一些古代文明有未解之謎”,均符合文意;根據(jù)第一段第一句話Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.(在過去的幾十年里,美國、加拿大和歐洲因異常現(xiàn)象和未解之謎而受到了大量媒體甚至研究的關(guān)注。),可知C選項“公眾的興趣通常集中在北美和歐洲”正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)文章可知,納斯卡線條在_____被發(fā)現(xiàn)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Nazcalines”定位至第二段第二句話Thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.(這些細雕被深深地雕刻成一個平坦的石質(zhì)平原,并形成了大約300幅復(fù)雜的動物圖片,如鳥、猴子和蜥蜴。),可知D選項“在平原”,正確。A選項“在山區(qū)”,B選項“石頭上”和C選項“在動物身上”,均不是正確答案。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干:我們可以根據(jù)文章推斷,在越高的地方看這些線條,圖像展現(xiàn)得就會越_________。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三,四句話Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.(從地面上看,這些設(shè)計是亂七八糟,毫無意義的東西。這些圖像是如此之大,以至于只能在1000英尺的高度—也就是說從飛機上看。),也就是說,從越高的地方看這些線條,圖案也就越清晰。所以本題C選項“越清晰”,符合題意。A選項“越渺小”,B選項“越龐大”,和D選項“越明亮”,均不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項。

4.事實細節(jié)題。題干:人們對納斯卡線條越來越感興趣主要是因為__________。由題干可以定位到文章第三段前兩句TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.(今天,人們對納斯卡線條有了新的更大的興趣。它是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)誕生的直接結(jié)果。),可知B選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)”,符合題意;而第三段最后一句話andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.(甚至受人尊敬的科學(xué)家也通過電子郵件和聊天室加入了討論),是對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對其貢獻的具體說明,不是直接原因,故A選項“科學(xué)家的參與”,不正確;C選項“新理論的誕生”和D選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興趣”與題干無關(guān),故排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干:關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在解決神秘事件中的作用,作者是__________。全文末句表達了作者的態(tài)度Perhapsitisastepinthefightdirection.(也許這是朝著正確方向邁出的一步。)這里astepintherightdirection是對這種解開不解之謎的方式的肯定,但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者這種謹慎的態(tài)度,故A選項“謹慎的”,符合題意。B選項“悲觀的”,C選項“不確定的”和D選項“樂觀的”,均不是作者的態(tài)度。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項。

9.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問題1選項

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項plan“計劃,平面圖”;B選項judgment“判斷,裁判,判決書,辨別力”;C選項stamina“耐力,持久力,毅力”;D選項knowledge“知識,學(xué)問,知道,認識,學(xué)科”。句意:這場危機將考驗首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣,氣質(zhì),耐力”,C選項與該詞意思最相近,因此D選項正確。

10.不定項選擇題

Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.

First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.

Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.

Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.

Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.

Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.

Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.

Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.

1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?

2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans(

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans(

).

4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?

5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.

B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.

C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.

D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.

問題2選項

A.man-made

B.automatic

C.usinghands

D.everlasting

問題3選項

A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible

B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity

C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel

D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor

問題4選項

A.Humidity

B.Propercare

C.Theamountofstorage

D.Surroundingtemperature

問題5選項

A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.

B.Ittellsthemosteconomicalwaystouseafreezer.

C.Itexplainshowtodefrostamanual-defrostfreezer.

D.Itoffersadviceaboutchoosingandcaringforafreezer.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。題干:立式冰柜和箱式冰柜的區(qū)別是什么?A選項“立式冰柜占的空間更小?!保籅選項“直立式冰箱更便于人們放入和取出食物?!?;C選項“箱式冰箱比立式冰箱更有效。”;D選項“箱式冰柜需要人工除霜,而立式冰柜則不需要?!?。第二段第二句話:Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficient…(立式冰箱比較方便。它們的存儲空間更方便,占用的面積更少。然而,箱式冰柜更節(jié)能……),由此可以看出A、B、C正確;雖然前面半句正確但是文章沒有提到立式冰柜不需要除霜,所以答案選D。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。A“人造的”;B選項“自動的”;C選項“使用手的”;D選項“永恒的”。定位到文章第三段第一句Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost(如果你要買直筒式的,你必須在無霜和()除霜之間做出選擇。)這里根據(jù)句意是說有兩種冰箱做選擇,有些冰箱是無霜冰箱,既然是做選擇也就是另一些是有霜的,這些有霜冰箱不能自動除霜就需要手動來除霜。所以這里答案選C,其他選項不符合題意。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)文章,為你的冰箱選擇最好的地方意味著……A選項“如果可能的話,把它放在沒有暖氣的車庫里”;B選項“盡量讓它遠離熱量,氣流和濕度”;C選項“如果它是手動除霜型,就把它放在水槽附近”;D選項“把它放在離廚房門越近越好”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句話…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一個涼爽、干燥、遠離穿堂風(fēng)的地方),B選項是這句話的同意替換,所以答案選B選項。文章沒有建議把冰箱放在某個具體的地方,所以答案A、C、D都不能選。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。題干:影響冰箱壽命的因素有哪些沒有提到?A選項“濕度”;B選項“適當?shù)木S護”;C選項“存儲的數(shù)量”;D選項“周圍的溫度”。定位到文章第四段第一句…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一個涼爽、干燥、遠離穿堂風(fēng)的地方)這里講了溫度和濕度,所以答案A、D排除;定位到第五段第二句話Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.(如果使用得當,冰箱可以為你服務(wù)15年甚至更久)這里講的是維護和保養(yǎng),所以B選項排除;答案選C選項。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項“它討論了冰箱的優(yōu)點和缺點”;B選項“它告訴了最經(jīng)濟的使用冰箱的方法”;C選項“它解釋了如何解凍一個手動解凍冰柜”;D選項“它提供了選擇和照顧冰箱的建議”。定位到文章第一段第一句話Whenyouchooseafreezer…(當你選冰箱的時候……);第二段第一句話First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.(首先,決定你是想要一個直立的還是箱型的);第四段第一句話Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage…(為了讓你的冰箱壽命更長……)從這些可以看出這篇文章是關(guān)于冰箱的選擇和保養(yǎng)的文章,所以答案選D。

11.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto()theproblem.

問題1選項

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項relate“涉及”;B選項tackle“應(yīng)付,處理”;C選項file“提出”;D選項attach“附加”。句意:盡管許多專家同意越來越多的兒童超重,但對于解決這個問題的最佳方法仍存在爭論。選項B符合語境。

12.單選題

Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforthepositionintheuniversity____.

問題1選項

A.hasbeenaccepted

B.havebeenaccepted

C.wasaccepted

D.wereaccepted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.hasbeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取B.havebeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取

C.wasaccepted被錄取D.wereaccepted被錄取

【答案】C

【考查點】主謂一致與時態(tài)一致

【解題思路】本句主語為neitheroftheyoungmen,neither做主語時謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),但是用單數(shù)更正式,單選題中單復(fù)數(shù)同時出現(xiàn),選擇單數(shù)形式為最佳;另外,原文中定語從句部分使用了過去完成時(hadapplied),因此主句部分也應(yīng)使用一個過去的時態(tài),通常是一般過去時。因此,C選項wasaccepted“被錄取”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項hasbeenaccepted時態(tài)不對,現(xiàn)在完成時是表示現(xiàn)在的時態(tài);

B選項havebeenaccepted,復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適,時態(tài)也不對;

D選項wereaccepted,復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適。

【句意】兩個申請這個大學(xué)的職位的年輕人都沒有被錄取。

13.單選題

[A]Allpeopledevelopattitudesonpublicissues:somemaynotbeinterestedinandotherssimplymaynothearaboutthem.Theattitudesthatareformedmaybeheldforvarious[B]reasons.Thus,fourmenmayallbeopposedtohigherpropertytaxes[C]butforverydifferentreasons.Onemanmaybeforhighertaxesinprinciple,buthe[D]opposesthembecauseheishavingtroublepayingthemortgageonhishouse.

問題1選項

A.Allpeople

B.reasons

C.but

D.opposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查語義。由冒號后句意“有些人可能不感興趣,而另一些人可能根本就沒聽說過”可知并不是所有人對公眾問題持有看法。應(yīng)將A選項allpeople改為notallpeople。

14.單選題

Theapartmenthasbeen(

)sineSmith'smovedout.

問題1選項

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虛的,空缺的,空閑的;versatile多才多藝的,萬能的;vacuum真空的;vain徒勞的,自負的。句意:自從Smith搬出去后,那套公寓一直空著。選項A符合句意。

15.翻譯題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternational

marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthe

membersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariable

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,

technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,an

internationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.

Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretation

comesonlythroughexperience.

——onehasto

liveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwith

culturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,

followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisa

factoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusiness

approachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineach

countryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncenters

aroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternational

manageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven

blindness.

【答案】文化是國際市場中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會成員的這種習(xí)得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動態(tài)變化的語言、宗教、價值觀和習(xí)俗、美學(xué)、技術(shù)、教育和社會制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應(yīng)對這個系統(tǒng),國際經(jīng)理需要真實的文化和用于解釋文化的知識。在某種程度上,事實知識可以習(xí)得,而文化的解釋只能來源于經(jīng)驗。

在處理文化環(huán)境的問題時,最復(fù)雜的問題是來自于一個人無法學(xué)到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦,像百事和麥當勞一樣。在某些情況下,全球化是無法改變的事實,然而,文化差異還遠沒有融合。

另一種觀點認為,企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來調(diào)整經(jīng)營模式。在每個國家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植,關(guān)鍵問題在于接受與否。國際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。

16.單選題

Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment,bothphysicallyandaesthetically,ismostapparentinourcities.Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,wherethereislittlehopeforimprovingconditions,haveoftenbeencitedascontributingcausesofurbanriotinganddisturbances.Crimeratesusuallyreachtheirpeakintheseneighborhoods.Suchsymptomsofgeneralpsychologicalmaladjustmentsuggestthatmoderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.

Thereseemstobeabundantevidencethattraditionalculturalpatternsbreakdownincities,andalsothatthehighnumbersofcontactswithindividuals,notpartofone’scircleofregularsocialacquaintancesmayleadtomentaldisturbancedefinedheremerelyasbehaviorgenerallyconsidered“disturbed”bythemajorityofthesociety.Itisimportanttonotethatantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”arefoundinallcultures,andthatindeedthesamedisordersrecognizedbyWesternpsychiatristsarefoundeveninprimitivepeoples.Therefore,wecanbereasonablycertainthatlackofanevolutionarily“natural”environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.Nevertheless,thatlackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.

StanfordpsychologistPGZimbardohasconcludedthaturbanpressuresaretransformingAmericansintopotentialassassins.Hebasedhisconclusionsonexperimentalstudiesoftheconnectionbetweenanonymityandaggression,andonfieldstudiesofvandalism.Henotedanestimated230violenturbanoutbreaksintheperiod1964-1969,andreportedthatin1967vandalsinNewYorkCityalonewrecked360,000paytelephones,broke202,719schoolwindows,anddiddamagetoparksandtransitsystemscostingsome$850,000.Carswereabandonedonstreetsofalargecity(NewYork)andasmallone(PaloAlto,California),andsecretlywatchedtoseeiftherewasadifferenceinvandalismbetweenthetwolocalities.TheNewYorkcarwasvirtuallydemolishedwithinthreedaysby23separateattacksbylootersandvandals,nearlyallinviewofpassersbyandduringthedaytime.ThePaloAltocarwasnotmolestedformorethanaweek.Howmuch(ifany)ofsuchbehaviormightbereducedifdensitywereloweredisunknown,butatleasttheanecdotalevidenceseemstoindicatethathighdensityisafactorinsuchproblems.Crimeratesaresomefivetimesashighinurbanasinruralareas.Thoughsomeofthisdifferencemaybeduetodisparitiesinreporting,notallofitcanbeexplainedonthisbasis.RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.Thisgeneralcorrelationheldforstatisticstakeninthreedifferentyears,1940,1950,and1960,inthesamecities.Therisesinassaultandrobberywithhigherdensitywereparticularlystriking,althoughmurderandrapebothalsoreflectedthetrend.Robberyistheonlyoneofthefourthatdoesnotmostcommonlyoccurbetweenacquaintances.Interestingly,crimeratesinthesuburbshavebeenrisinginthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagersfromrelativelyaffluentareas,althoughtheircrimesaremoreoftenactsagainstpropertythancrimesofviolence.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostoftencrimesarecommittedin().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”?

3.AccordingtoPGZimbardo’sresearch,().

4.Thewriterholdsthat().

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofbreakdowninurbanareas?

問題1選項

A.thesuburbs

B.commercialareasofbigcities

C.theslumsandghettoes

D.theparksandtransitsystems

問題2選項

A.Theyareuniqueinmoderncities.

B.Theyaregraverinmetropolises.

C.Theyareneverfoundinprimitivepeoples.

D.Theyresultentirelyfromthelackofa“natural”environment.

問題3選項

A.thereexistsahigherrateofvandalisminamoredensely-populatedcity

B.whenpopulationdensitiesdecrease,crimeratesgoup

C.thereisnocorrelationbetweenthepopulationdensityandcrimerate

D.suburbanteenagersaremoreapttocommitviolentcrimesthansmallthefts

問題4選項

A.deteriorationoftheenvironmentinamoderncitywillmakeitunfitforpeopletolivein

B.lackofa“natural”environmentresultsinantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”

C.deteriorationofenvironmentinametropolisplaysacertainroleincausinghighcrimerates

D.vandalismandotherviolentoutbreakswillneverdisappearinmostcrowdedmetropolises

問題5選項

A.Vandalism.

B.Suicide.

C.Rioting.

D.Rape.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,...urbanriotinganddisturbances.”特別是在條件改善希望渺茫的貧民窟和貧民區(qū),生活的非人道影響經(jīng)常被認為是城市暴亂和騷亂的原因之一。選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“antisocialbehaviorand‘mentalillness’”定位到第二段。根據(jù)“Itisimportant...eveninprimitivepeoples.”反社會行為和“精神疾病”在所有文化中都存在,而且西方精神病學(xué)家所承認的同樣的疾病甚至在原始人中也存在。由此可知選項A和C錯誤;根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“...lackofanevolutionarily'natural'environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.”缺乏進化上的“自然”環(huán)境并不是這種行為的唯一原因。由此可知選項D錯誤;根據(jù)第二段最后一句“l(fā)ackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.”可知反社會行為和“精神疾病”在大都市可能會更嚴重,選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PGZimbardo”定位到第三段。根據(jù)“RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.”暴力犯罪率已被證明與美國城市的實際人口密度呈正相關(guān)。選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。原文第一段最后一句為作者的觀點?!癿oderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.”現(xiàn)代城市為人類提供了一個不太理想的環(huán)境。也就是說大都市環(huán)境的惡化是造成犯罪率升高的一個重要原因,選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文可知,破壞他人財物、暴亂和強奸在文中均有提及,只有選項B(自殺)沒有提及。

17.單選題

Anewservice___totheneedsofdisabledpeoplewhowanttogoonlivingintheirownhomes.

問題1選項

A.comes

B.dedicates

C.caters

D.contributes

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項comes“來;開始;出現(xiàn);發(fā)生;變成;到達;做;假裝;將滿(……歲)”;B選項dedicates“致力;獻身;題獻”;C選項caters“投合,迎合;滿足需要;提供飲食及服務(wù)”;D選項contributes“貢獻,出力;投稿;捐獻;有助于,促成,是……的原因之一;發(fā)表意見,提議”。句意:一項新的服務(wù)滿足了希望繼續(xù)住在自己家里的殘疾人的需要。根據(jù)下文“殘疾人的需要”可知本句表達“滿足了……需要”,因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Thelecturewasboringandthestudentscouldhardly()theiryawns.

問題1選項

A.depress

B.suppress

C.oppress

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項depress“壓抑,使沮喪”;B選項suppress“抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓,忍住(某種生理現(xiàn)象)”;C選項oppress“壓迫”;D選項press“壓,按”。句意:講座很無聊,學(xué)生們幾乎不能_____他們的哈欠。本句表達的是學(xué)生不能忍住打哈欠,打哈欠是一種生理現(xiàn)象,因此B選項符合題意。

19.單選題

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeoplefromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinelydangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,andQuaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisksoftheiruse,andsomeofthisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin“underground”papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydonotgiveasimple“alldrugsareterribleforyou”message.Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.ThisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausersofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropagandafilmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-musicvideosoncabletelevision’sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.

Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeventhoughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicizedforyears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionofabuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier’s(1978,p.150)contentionthat“ifthePepsigenerationcanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednottodrinkitwhiledriving”isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdonebypeoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobedissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

1.Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,anti-drugeducation()

2.Thefilm‘ReeferMadness’mentionedinthepassage()

3.Themessage‘a(chǎn)lldrugsareterribleforyou’isnotinfluentialbecause()

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe()

問題1選項

A.hasmadeallpeopleseethedangerofdrugs

B.hassucceededindissuadingpeoplefromusingdrugs

C.hasbeeneffectiveonlytoacertaindegree

D.hasprovedtobeatotalfailure

問題2選項

A.effectivelydeterredmarijuanause

B.wasrejectedbyyoungmarijuanausers

C.didnotpicturethedangerofmarijuanarealistically

D.waswelcomedbymarijuanausersbecauseittoldthemhowtogethigh

問題3選項

A.itignoresthefactthatdrugsvarygreatlyindanger

B.itgivesafalseaccountoftherisksofdruguse

C.somedrugsaregoodforhealth

D.itdoesnotappearinundergroundpapers

問題4選項

A.Sometimesbalancedandreasonableanti-drugpersuasionisinfluentialtosomepeople.

B.Mostdrugusersareignorantofthedangerofdrugs.

C.Punishmentssuchaslossofadriver’slicensedonotseemtobeaneffectivewaytostopdrunkendriving.

D.Primarypreventionisausefulprincipletobefollowedinanti-drugeducation.

問題5選項

A.AreAllDrugsTerribleforYou?

B.DoPeopleBelieveWhatUndergroundPapersSay?

C.IsThereanIncreasedAwarenessoftheRisksofDrugs?

D.CanPersuasionReduceDrugAbuse?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.”雖然平衡和合理的說服對一些人來說是有效的,但另一些人似乎不受這些最合乎邏輯的教育工作的影響。也就是說反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用,選項C符合原文。

2.語義題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.”這部電影非但沒有阻止人們吸食大麻,反而成為了用戶中的一部邪典電影,很多人為了看這部電影而興奮不已。選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在著巨大的危險,忽視或否認這一點的禁毒教育是很可笑的。選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在著巨大的危險。所以選項B錯誤。

5.主旨大意題。第一段講了禁毒教育并沒有起到很好的效果,第二段講了勸說只是對部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是講勸說能減少毒品濫用嗎?選項D正確。

20.單選題

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

問題1選項

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。題干中what從句是整個句子的主語,故后面的動詞為is。B項all和C項thethings少了作主語的關(guān)系代詞(that),在定語從句中,做主語的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的,只有作賓語的關(guān)系代詞能省略,所以B,C兩項錯誤。

21.單選題

Becomingawareofourmother’sage,notjustinnumbersofyearsbut________herpsychologicalandphysicalstate,oftenhelpsustounderstandherbetter.

問題1選項

A.inspiteof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項inspiteof“盡管;不管,不顧”;B選項onaccountof“由于;因為;為了……的緣故”;C選項intermsof“依據(jù);按照;在……方面;以……措詞”;D選項bymeansof“用,依靠”。句意:意

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