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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問題1選項

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.As就像,作為B.What什么

C.That那個D.It它

【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以前半句為非限制性定語從句,修飾后面整個主句,空格處要填入一個引導(dǎo)詞,而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾,所以該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項都不能引導(dǎo)非限制定定語從句。

【句意】人們普遍認(rèn)為,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。

2.單選題

Themedicalstudentsstudiedthe(

)ofthehumanbody.

問題1選項

A.framework

B.outline

C.skeleton

D.segment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。framework意為“構(gòu)架,框架”;outline意為“梗概,大綱,提綱”;skeleton意為“骨骼,骨架,骨骼標(biāo)本”;segment意為“部分,段落”。

句意:醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生研究了人體的骨骼。

3.單選題

Hesettheengineofthecar(

).

問題1選項

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……開始”;settodo表示“動手干(認(rèn)真開始干,爭論,拳賽,毆斗)”。此處表示使車的引擎發(fā)動,因此選A。句意:他發(fā)動了汽車的引擎。

4.單選題

Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

問題1選項

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。determining(使)下決心,(使)做出決定的;defensive自衛(wèi)的;demanding苛求的,吃力的;decisive決定性的,果斷的,堅定的。句意:面對意想不到的困難,他表現(xiàn)出了隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、迅速決斷的能力。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.

Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.

Thefinalmajorcomponentofascientifictheoryisitssyntax,ortherulesanddefinitionsthatstatehowtheindependentanddependentvariablesaretobemeasured,andthatspecifytherelationshipsamongindependentvariables,interveningvariables,anddependentvariables.Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.Thesyntaxalsorelatesthecyclestothedependentvariable,performance,bystatingthatpositivecyclesshouldcausehighlevelsofperformancewhereasloworcriticalcyclesshouldcauselowperformancelevels.Tosummarize,thecomponentsofascientifictheorycanbedividedintofourmajorcategories:independentvariables,dependentvariables,interveningvariables,andsyntax.

1.Basedonthepassage,causalitymayhavethemeaningthat(

).

2.Accordingtobiorhythmtheory,(

).

3.Manytheoriesforpredictingtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect(

).

4.Theexampleoftheping-pongballisusedto(

).

5.Theword“syntax”usedinthelastparagraphreferstothe(

).

問題1選項

A.causeandeffectcanbeindependentofeachother

B.thereishardlyanythingthathappenswithoutacause

C.dependentandindependentvariablesaffecteachother

D.causeandeffectmayvaryrespectivelyinmostevents

問題2選項

A.one’sbehaviorcanbepredictedbyknowinghisorherbirthday

B.nobodycanchoosehisorherdateofbirthasheorshewishes

C.anindividual’sperformanceisirrelevanttohisorherbirthday

D.aperson’slevelofperformancevariesaccordingtothetestdate

問題3選項

A.testifytheircompleteconformitywithgeneralscientificprinciples

B.justifytheidentityofdependent,independent,andinterveningvariables

C.specifythetimeperiodsofbodilycyclesintermsofpsychologicaltests

D.verifytheirpredictionbyvariablesinconsistentwithconventionsofscience

問題4選項

A.indicateahardnuttocrackinphysics

B.predictvariablesinaperson’sperformance

C.proveacommonfeaturemosttheorieshave

D.showthenegligibilityofinterveningvariables

問題5選項

A.rulesusedfororderingandconnectingwordsinasentence

B.principlesdefiningtheconnectionsamongdifferentvariables

C.definitionsdescribingtheimpactofbiorhythmonone’sbehavior

D.criteriameasuringaperson’sperformancelevelswithbiorhythm

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.”可知,causality指的是因果關(guān)系。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)最后一段“Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.”生物節(jié)奏理論體系描述了如何使用一個人的生日來計算三個周期的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。也就是說,一個人的行為可以通過知道他或她的生日來預(yù)測。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容,為了預(yù)測自變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系,許多科學(xué)理論使用了所謂的介入變量。介入變量是不能直接觀察到的純理論概念。而在第一段有提及,科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件。由此可以推斷,許多預(yù)測因果關(guān)系的理論用不符合科學(xué)慣例的變量來驗證他們的預(yù)測。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段“Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.”科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件,就比如乒乓球。作者用乒乓球的例子是想證明大多數(shù)理論都有一個共同的特點,那就是自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句,科學(xué)理論的最后一個主要組成部分是它的體系,或者說是描述如何測量自變量和因變量的規(guī)則和定義,以及詳細(xì)說明自變量、介入變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.翻譯題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

【答案】任何一個國家的“生活水平”指的是那個國家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和提供的服務(wù)為普通民眾所分享的情況。因此,一個國家的生活水平首先取決于它創(chuàng)造財富的能力。在這個意義上的“財富”并不是指錢,因為我們并不依靠錢而是依靠錢能買到的東西生存:比如像食物和衣服這樣的“東西”,像交通和娛樂這樣的“服務(wù)”。

一個國家創(chuàng)造財富的能力取決于很多因素,這些因素相互影響。財富在很大程度上依靠國家的自然資源,比如煤、金礦以及其他礦藏、肥沃的土壤和適宜的氣候。有些地區(qū)可能只有這些資源中的一種,而有些地區(qū)一樣都沒有。美國是世界上最富裕的國家之一,因為在她的境內(nèi)有著豐富的自然資源,肥沃的土壤和多樣的氣候。與之相反,撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最貧困的地區(qū)之一。

僅次于自然資源的是使用這些資源的能力。中國也許和美國一樣擁有豐富的自然資源,但是遭受多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)外戰(zhàn),以及一些其他的原因?qū)е轮袊鴽]有很好地利用她的能源。安穩(wěn)的政治環(huán)境、免受外來侵略勢力的威脅才能讓一個國家和平穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展本國自然資源,并且能夠比其他擁有同樣多自然資源但缺乏秩序的國家創(chuàng)造出更多的財富。另外一個重要的因素便是一個國家人民的科技效率。經(jīng)過數(shù)個世紀(jì),古老的國家培訓(xùn)出大量熟練技工與技師所創(chuàng)造出來的財富遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于那些擁有大量非熟練工人的國家。財富同樣能創(chuàng)造財富。當(dāng)一個國家變得富裕起來,人民便有了大量的積蓄,他們可以將這些積蓄投入到工廠機(jī)器中,幫助工人生產(chǎn)出更多的商品。

7.單選題

Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris______.

問題1選項

A.shrinking

B.obscuring

C.altering

D.constraining

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項shrink“收縮,減少”;B選項obscure“使模糊,使難解”;C選項alter“改變”;D選項constrain“強(qiáng)迫”。根據(jù)highlytechnologicalsociety與thenumberofjobs可知A選項符合語義。句意:在我們高度科技化的社會里,非技術(shù)工人的工作崗位正在減少。

8.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics()inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從基督教和西方的野蠻王國中出現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)政治的形態(tài),而從該形態(tài)中又依次演變出了我們現(xiàn)代世界的政治形態(tài)。

語法題??疾閺木湟龑?dǎo)詞??崭窈笫且粋€定語從句。前面的主句中,F(xiàn)romChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地點狀語,因此在定語從句中,fromwhich作狀語與前面的from形成對應(yīng),evolved作謂語,thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主語。

9.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前,對待科技發(fā)展存在著相互對立的兩種思潮;反科學(xué)思潮認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展非但沒有給人類社會帶來福音,反而帶來了災(zāi)難和毀滅;另一種是科技進(jìn)步思潮,他們認(rèn)為人類面臨的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)失衡、資源枯竭等危機(jī)是科學(xué)發(fā)展過程中自然而然遇到的問題,這些問題進(jìn)一步解決的出路恰恰在于繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展科技。上述兩種觀點都有一定的合理性,也都有各執(zhí)一端的片面性,如果從時代的高度和辯證的觀點看待當(dāng)代科技的發(fā)展時,我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)代科學(xué)技術(shù)所面臨的問題并不是去如何認(rèn)識現(xiàn)代科技進(jìn)步,而是從時代的需要出發(fā),設(shè)法找到未來科技進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的理論根據(jù)所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

10.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis(

)orsocialposition.

問題1選項

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。A選項curiosity“好奇心,求知欲”;B選項status“地位,身份”;C選項determination“決心,果斷,堅定”;D選項significance“(尤指對將來有影響的)重要性,意義”。根據(jù)表示并列的連詞or和后面的名詞“socialposition社會地位”確定B選項正確。

11.單選題

Ifyoumisstheculturalreferences()aword,you’reverylikelytomissitsmeaning.

問題1選項

A.beyond

B.behind

C.below

D.before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項beyond“在(或向)……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊;超過”;B選項behind“在……背面”;C選項below“在……下面”;D選項before“在……之前”。句意:如果你沒看到單詞()的文化背景,你很可能會不理解它的意思。根據(jù)語境,可知文化背景緊挨著單詞,并且在同一句話中,before“在……之前”比較合理。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Oncethe____contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

問題1選項

A.principle

B.principal

C.potential

D.primitive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.principle原則;本質(zhì)B.principal主要的

C.potential潛在的D.primitive原始的

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“抓住____矛盾,一切問題就迎刃而解?!备鶕?jù)后文“一切問題就迎刃而解”推斷,前文指的是抓住了主要矛盾,B選項principal“主要的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項principle“原則;本質(zhì)”,形近詞,與contradiction“矛盾”不搭配;

C選項potential“潛在的”,不符合原句語義銜接;

D選項primitive“原始的”,形近詞,不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】抓住了主要矛盾,一切問題就迎刃而解了。

13.單選題

Thisisthe(

)pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實際存在的”;genuine“真實的”;real“真實的,實在的”;original“原創(chuàng)的,原來的”。句意:那位作曲家就是在這臺鋼琴上創(chuàng)作出了他最偉大的作品。D項符合句意,答案D

14.單選題

Hedevelopeda()attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhiscareer.

問題1選項

A.encouraged

B.disgusted

C.drastic

D.cynical

【答案】D

【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的;disgusted厭煩的;drastic激烈的;cynical憤世嫉俗的。句意:在經(jīng)歷了多年的事業(yè)挫折之后,他變得憤世嫉俗。選項D符合語境。

15.單選題

Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’sguilt,butin(

).

問題1選項

A.hollow

B.empty

C.void

D.vain

【答案】D

【解析】invain為固定搭配,表示“徒勞的”。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI,seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen(

).

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

問題2選項

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

問題3選項

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

問題4選項

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

問題5選項

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了議會和總統(tǒng)選舉的投票權(quán),故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他們應(yīng)該受到同樣的尊重,享有同樣的社會權(quán)利,和他們的男性同事一樣的待遇)。故選C:美國女權(quán)主義者認(rèn)為她們沒有足夠的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)平等和政治平等。

3.判斷推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美國女孩不贊成女權(quán)主義者嘲笑婚姻

和戀愛。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故選D。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了美國婦女維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利和公平。

17.單選題

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

問題1選項

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項nolessthan“不少于”,B項nomorethan“只是,僅僅”,C項nolessas與D項nomoreas沒有這種用法。句意:書籍所帶來的利弊是均衡的,它們所傳播的謊言和錯誤不少于知識與真理。故正確答案為A。

18.單選題

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearersbackground,personalityandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeoples’impressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestyleofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangethewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobintervieworacourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Theauthorbelievesthatwecanuseclothesto().

2.Thephrase“agreeon”(Line1,Para.3)canbestbereplacedby“()”.

3.Itiscommonlyagreedthat().

4.Bysayingthat“ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen”,theauthormeansthat().

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,maleadministratorstendtohireawoman().

問題1選項

A.leadotherstobelievewearewhoweappeartobe

B.makeacorrectjudgmentonpeople’spersonalities

C.improveoursocialstatus

D.influencepeople’smood

問題2選項

A.singhighpraiseof

B.beinfluencedby

C.beunanimousin

D.followtheexampleof

問題3選項

A.newscastersshouldbeconservative

B.collegestudentsplayanactiveroleininterpersonalrelationships

C.clothesenablespeopletobeconfident

D.jobinterviewsandcourtappearancesarestressfulsituations

問題4選項

A.womencouldn'tachievesuccessaseasilyasmen

B.womendon’thaveawell-defineddresscode

C.womenhavetomerge“masculine"attributesintoclothing

D.womenenjoymorefreedominthechoiceofclothing

問題5選項

A.withoutfeminineattributes

B.withamasculineappearance

C.withsomemasculineattributes

D.attractiveandfemininely-dressed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeoplesimpressionofus.由于衣服是社會信息的重要來源,我們可以利用它來改變?nèi)藗儗ξ覀兊挠∠蟆!?,也就是說,可以讓別人相信我們就是我們所看起來的這個樣子。選項A符合原文。選項B“對人們的個性做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷”不正確,因為衣服只是提供線索,不一定判斷就是準(zhǔn)確的;選項C“提高社會地位”和選項D“影響人們心情”都是改變?nèi)藗儗ξ覀兊挠∠螅寗e人相信我們就是我們所看起來的這個樣子。所以選項A正確。

第2題:2.語義題。這個詞組在原文中所在句的意思是“人們往往會某些衣服類型的含義”,“agreeon”本意表示“同意”,再根據(jù)下文的舉例,“青春期的女孩很容易那些穿某種服裝的女孩的生活方式,包括她們可能有多少男朋友,她們是否抽煙或喝酒”。兩處“agreeon”表達(dá)的是同樣的意思,所以這里是指“形成相同的看法”。所以選項C符合原文。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“新聞播音員,或者是那些在電視上讀新聞的播音員,當(dāng)他們穿著保守的時候會被認(rèn)為更有說服力,更誠實,更有能力”,原文并沒有說新聞播音員應(yīng)該保守,所以選項A曲解了原文意思,不正確;再根據(jù)下一句“那些認(rèn)為自己在人際關(guān)系中扮演積極角色的大學(xué)生說,他們關(guān)心的是成功扮演這些角色所必須穿的服裝”,并不能說明大學(xué)生在人際關(guān)系中起著積極的作用,所以選項B也不正確;根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“當(dāng)你預(yù)期會有壓力的時候,比如面試或出庭,或許你會用衣服來獲得自信”,選項C“衣服使人自信”,這里的clothing并不是指任何的clothing,而是指特定的某種clothing,所以選項C所指過泛;選項D“工作面試和出庭都是壓力很大的情形”符合原文。所以本題答案為選項D。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.”可知,在工作場所,男性長期以來都有明確定義的成功的先例和榜樣。對于女性來說情況則完全不同,說明男性有明確的穿衣模式,女性沒有。后文又講到商業(yè)中的女性不知道該如何選擇合適的著裝,由此可知選項B“女性沒有定義好的穿衣模式”符合原文。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless‘feminine’grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.”可知,男性管理者傾向于選擇那些女性特質(zhì)少的人任職管理崗位,也就是打扮得不那么具有“女人味”,要帶有一些男性特質(zhì),比如短發(fā)、適度化妝、穿著簡單的定制套裝。所以選項C正確。

19.寫作題

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors,whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

20.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere().

問題1選項

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于;接近于”;onthesly“偷偷地”;

onthespot“在場;立刻;處于困境”;ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”,此處填的介詞短語應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān),所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場”(這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場)。句意:自殺爆炸事件過去三周之后,警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者,因為他們相信……的人可能更多。故正確答案為選項C。

21.單選題

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful(

)foradditionallearningsince,by(

)theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

問題1選項

A.impulsesurpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名詞和動詞詞義辨析。A選項的impulse“推動,沖動,刺激”;surpass“優(yōu)于或超過某人、某物”;B選項的referent“指示物”;recognize“認(rèn)出,識別,承認(rèn)”;C選項的inspiration“靈感,鼓舞或激勵人的人或事物,好主意”;emulate“與…競爭,模仿,仿效”;D選項的channel“通道,頻道,海峽”;mimicking“模仿,仿效”根據(jù)句意‘一旦某只小鴨辨認(rèn)出其父母,這種帶有本能性質(zhì)的紐帶便變成一條極有用的進(jìn)行額外學(xué)習(xí)的渠道,因為通過模仿其父母,小鴨能進(jìn)一步獲取那些單靠基因遺傳所無法傳輸給它的信息’可知應(yīng)選D項。

22.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpricehasalready(

)worries.

問題1選項

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。provoke“激起,挑起,引起”;irritate“刺激,使興奮,激怒”;inspire“激發(fā),鼓舞,啟示”;hoist“把……吊起,升起”。句意:價格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引起了人們的擔(dān)憂。A項符合題意。

23.單選題

Untilthen,hisfamily()fromhimforsixyears.

問題1選項

A.didn’thear

B.hasn’tbeenhearing

C.hadn’theard

D.hasn’theard

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。題干中有關(guān)鍵的時間狀語untilthen以及forsixmonths提示謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成,因此謂語要用過去完成時,表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。句意:直到那時,他家里已經(jīng)六個月沒收到他的來信了。A選項didn'’hear,一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),不能與時間狀語forsixmonths,A選項排除,連用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動作,與題意不符。C選項hasn’theard,現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項。由選項意思,固定搭配和句意可知,C選項符合句意。

24.單選題

“Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarro

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