考研考博-英語-四川旅游學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川旅游學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

問題1選項

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】句子連接錯誤。however后面加逗號。however在句子中表示"然而",表示轉(zhuǎn)折時,通常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。

2.單選題

The______regioniscenteredlargelyinthenorthofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.telescope

B.wire

C.petrol

D.mineral

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項telescope“望遠(yuǎn)鏡”；B選項wire“金屬線；電線”；C選項petrol“汽油”；D選項mineral“礦物；汽水”。句意：______區(qū)主要集中在這個國家的北部。根據(jù)語境，這里指含有某個資源的地區(qū)集中在國家的北部，D選項mineral“礦物”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

問題1選項

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問題2選項

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問題3選項

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問題4選項

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來說，他的模仿者必須達(dá)到自然的柔美和微妙，一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?！笨芍cC項相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上，紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主。”可知作者認(rèn)為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨白中描述的罕見人物”?？芍摼渲蠦osola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進(jìn)行對比。故B項正確，

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia擬聲；exaggeration夸張；paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣，Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾，他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項正確。

4.單選題

（

）tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.

問題1選項

A.Orientation

B.Access

C.Procession

D.Voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B選項access“出口，接近，進(jìn)入”，常與to搭配；C選項procession“行列，隊伍，前進(jìn)，推移”；D選項voyage“航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地區(qū)仍然很難進(jìn)入，因為該大陸的某些地區(qū)仍然被茂密的森林所覆蓋。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

5.單選題

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。reward“報酬”；insurance“津貼”；interest“興趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反饋”。句意：如果有人能夠給你出主意，并給你反饋，那么研究起來就容易多了。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Therecent（）surroundinganewlawconcernedwithgaysinArizonarevealshowdeeplydividedthestatecanbe.

問題1選項

A.construction

B.concentration

C.constraint

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。construction建造；concentration專注；constraint約束，局促；controversy爭論，論戰(zhàn)。由deeplydivided深深地分裂可推知空格處應(yīng)填D項“爭議”。句意：最近在亞利桑那州圍繞著一項關(guān)于同性戀的新法律的爭議，揭示了這個州是多么的分裂。

7.單選題

Outputfromthepowerstations_______steeplyasrestrictionsonthemovementofcoaltookeffect.

問題1選項

A.fellbehind

B.fellback

C.fellthrough

D.fellaway

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“fellbehind”，意為“落后，拖欠”；B選項“fellback”，意為“撤退，回落”；C選項“fellthrough”，意為“落空，失敗”，D選項“fellaway”，意為“消失，背離，拋棄”。句意：由于對煤炭運輸?shù)南拗粕?，發(fā)電站的發(fā)電量急劇下降。因此，D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問題2選項

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問題3選項

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題4選項

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問題5選項

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations（Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計了一些實驗，以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），可知實驗是為了驗證女性工資普遍較低的相關(guān)話題，A選項“與男性相比，女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項“一些女性不愿意進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)”，C選項“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項“在試圖進(jìn)入職場時，女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.（過去的實驗表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計了一些實驗，以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…（與之前的實驗一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……），可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實驗是為了解釋之前實驗現(xiàn)象的原因，結(jié)果與之前的實驗結(jié)果如出一轍，并且有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以為先前的實驗提供進(jìn)一步的解釋，D選項“有助于解釋在之前實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項“表明有必要拋棄在之前實驗中使用的方法”：文中沒有提到早期實驗的方法以及對此的看法，屬于無中生有。B選項“傾向于削弱之前實驗設(shè)計所依據(jù)的假設(shè)”：其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設(shè)，屬于反向干擾。C選項“表明早期實驗揭示的問題可能比以前認(rèn)為的更廣泛”：文中沒有提到在早期實驗之前的觀點，屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項“做同樣的工作，男性付給自己的報酬往往比別人的多”：文中沒有對比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢差異，屬于無中生有。B選項“做同樣的工作，女性往往付給男性的錢比給其他女性的多”：根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.（女性給自己的報酬低于男性給自己的報酬……女性給自己的報酬低于其他女性，也低于男性給女性的報酬），文中沒有對比女性給其他女性和男性的報酬，屬于無中生有。C選項“做同樣的工作，男性付給女性的錢往往比給其他男性的少”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項“以上都不是”：A、B、C選項都不正確，因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen（女性付給自己的錢比男性付給女性的少），可知男性付給女性的報酬比女性給自己的報酬高，B選項“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項“與男性相比，女性一般不太關(guān)心工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)報酬”：根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀），可知女性沒有男性那么渴望較高的報酬，但不代表女性不關(guān)心自己得到的報酬是多少，屬于推理過度。C選項“工作報酬一般應(yīng)與工作質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)”和D選項“女性評判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀，不能完全基于她們對自己能力的判斷），可知女性不那么追求高報酬，并不是因為能力低，A選項“用收入多少來衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項“婦女寧愿重視犧牲，也不愿要求對她們工作的回報”和D選項“女性通常對她們應(yīng)該從工作中獲得多少錢漠不關(guān)心”：雖然女性沒有要求那么高的報酬，但不至于對錢漠不關(guān)心，愿意做出巨大的犧牲，屬于推理過度。C選項“女性傾向于通過自我價值而不是金錢價值來評估自己的工作能力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Thereisariskthat（）chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.toxic

C.evil

D.vicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項destructive“破壞性的、毀滅性的”，B項toxic“有毒的”，C項evil“邪惡的”，D項vicious“惡毒的”；句意：毀滅性的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有在空中爆炸的危險。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

問題1選項

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instinctive意為“天生的，生來的”；impulsive意為“沖動的”；compulsory意為“(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強制的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”。

句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣诩哟笈υ谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)普及義務(wù)教育。

11.單選題

Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?

Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.

Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.

Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.

Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.

ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.

Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.

1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.

2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.

3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.

4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.

5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.

問題1選項

A.itiscolor-blind

B.itisraciallydiscriminative

C.itawardswrongresearchworkers

D.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively

問題2選項

A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurvey

B.shockedgovernmentscientificpanels

C.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSociety

D.alloftheabove

問題3選項

A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabs

B.settingupascientificcareerladder

C.hidingtheracialdiscrimination

D.belittlingracialbackgrounds

問題4選項

A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEurope

B.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillance

C.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblack

D.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack

問題5選項

A.thenatureofscience

B.credibilityofscience

C.anembarrassingtokenism

D.mutualtrustbetweengenerations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科學(xué)上取得進(jìn)步的人是因為他們的工作，而不是他們的膚色。科學(xué)是任人唯賢的，是客觀的。因此，它必須嚴(yán)格無視膚色，避免種族歧視和平權(quán)行動。）”，由此可知種族歧視是科學(xué)不那么任人唯賢的原因，所以B選項“它是種族歧視的”符合題意。A選項“它是色盲的”；C選項“它獎勵錯誤的研究人員”；D選項“是白色人種獨有的”均不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（當(dāng)《新聞周刊》最近對歐洲最大的100家公司進(jìn)行調(diào)查時，令人震驚的是，只有6名非歐洲種族血統(tǒng)的董事會成員。一想到對歐洲科學(xué)界高層進(jìn)行的類似調(diào)查將揭示出什么，人們就會不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實了文章中提到的尷尬的問題，即種族歧視確實存在，所以A選項“《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實了這一點”符合題意。B選項“震驚政府科學(xué)小組”；C選項“由皇家學(xué)會披露”；D選項“以上都是”都不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科學(xué)事業(yè)的階梯上也有積極的變化。目前，歐洲幾乎沒有科學(xué)組織、資助機構(gòu)或?qū)嶒炇屹M心去追蹤他們雇傭或資助的人的種族背景。）”，由此可知對種族背景關(guān)心的淡化是發(fā)生的積極變化之一，所以D選項“輕視種族背景”符合題意。A選項“資助研究機構(gòu)或?qū)嶒炇摇?；B選項“建立科學(xué)的職業(yè)階梯”；C選項“隱藏種族歧視”都與題干無關(guān)，因此D選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，僅靠種族監(jiān)控并不能創(chuàng)造出歐洲科學(xué)迫切需要的黑人榜樣。還需要一些別的東西。資助機構(gòu)和像英國皇家學(xué)會這樣有影響力的組織必須忍受平權(quán)行動。）”，由此可知平權(quán)行動是為了建立黑人榜樣，所以A選項“在歐洲建立黑人榜樣”符合題意。B選項“保持種族問題在監(jiān)視之下”；C選項“限制黑人的獎學(xué)金和補助金”；D選項“平衡研究金和補助金在白人和黑人之間的分配”都不符合原文，因此A選項正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科學(xué)家不能反映出他們所生活的多種族社會，他們將發(fā)現(xiàn)很難贏得他們渴望的公眾信任。膚色有關(guān)系嗎?當(dāng)然了。）”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為膚色對科學(xué)的可信度有很大關(guān)系，科學(xué)家只有尊重不同膚色的社會，才會取得公眾信任，所以B選項“科學(xué)的可信度”正確。A選項“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)”；C選項“尷尬的表面文章”；D選項“世代之間的相互信任”說法都不正確，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.

問題1選項

A.alternative

B.hope

C.resource

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項alternative“二中選一；供替代的選擇”；B選項hope“希望”；C選項resource“資源”；D選項approach“方式”。句意：這個人要么立即離開這個國家，要么向敵人投降，結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語leavethecountry（離開這個國家）以及surrenderhimselftotheenemy（向敵人投降），可推測他是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，由此得知A選項正確。

13.單選題

Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.

問題1選項

A.prolific

B.sedentary

C.sluggish

D.measured

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prolific“多產(chǎn)的，豐富的”；B選項sedentary“定居的，靜坐的”；C選項sluggish“蕭條的，遲鈍的”；D選項measured“量過的，慎重的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息“hibernators”以及后半句“通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長”可知，填空處應(yīng)指代謝率相對緩慢，所以選項C符合語境。句意：代謝率相對緩慢的物種，包括冬眠動物，通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長。選項C正確。

14.單選題

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

問題1選項

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管學(xué)期快結(jié)束了，吉姆還沒有完成他希望完成的所有項目。

考查短語辨析。onhand在手邊;在場;byhand用手；athand在手邊；即將到來；inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中。這里表示“學(xué)期快結(jié)束了”，故選C。

15.單選題

Thesmallbirdsnative（

）centralandeasternEuropeusedtomigratesouthwesttospendthewinterinsouthernFrance,SpainandnorthernAfrica.

問題1選項

A.in

B.onto

C.with

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。in在…里；onto在…上；with和…;nativeto表示“來自，產(chǎn)自”，句意：這種來自歐洲中部和東部的小鳥經(jīng)常會向西南方向遷徙，在法國、西班牙的南部和非洲北部過冬。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Mymotherlikestohaveherhair______.

問題1選項

A.cured

B.carved

C.circled

D.curled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項cured“熏制的，風(fēng)干的”，B項carved“有雕刻的”，C項circled“包圍的，圓圈的”，D項curled“卷曲的，鬈發(fā)的”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞hair“頭發(fā)”可知，空格處填入D項符合語境。句意：我媽媽喜歡把頭發(fā)卷起來。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

17.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的；整個的”；atease“安逸”；atrandom“任意的”；atintervals“不時”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該選一個詞組來形容我們停下來提神的頻率，四個選項中只有atintervals符合，故正確答案為選項D。句意：這場討論無比冗長又使人疲累，以至于我們必須……的停下來提神。因此選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Thefirstthingpeoplerememberaboutfailingatmathisthatitfeltlikesuddendeath.Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!Ifassumethatthecurriculumwasreasonable,andthatthenewideawasbutnextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts,thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling.

Acommonmythaboutthenatureofmathematicalabilityholdsthatoneeitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind.Mathematicalimaginationandanintuitivegraspofmathematicalprinciplesmaywellbeneededtodoadvancedresearch,butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?Ratesoflearningmayvary.Competencyundertimepressuremaydiffer.Certainlylowself-esteemwillgetintheway.Butwhereistheevidencethatastudentneedsa“mathematicalmind”inordertosucceedatlearningmath?

Considertheeffectsofthismythology.Sinceonlyafewpeoplearesupposedtohavethismathematicalmind,partofwhatmakesussopassiveinthefaceofourdifficultiesinlearningmathematicsisthatwesuspectallthewhilewemaynotbeoneof“them”,andwespendourtimewaitingtofindoutwhenournon-mathematicalmindswillbeexposed.Sinceourlimitwilleventuallybereached,weseenopointinbeingmethodicalofinattendingtodetail.Wearegratefulwhenwesurvivefractions-wordproblemsorgeometry.Ifthatcertainmomentoffailurehasn’tstruckyet,itisonlytemporarilypostponed.

Parents,especiallyparentsofgirls,oftenexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical.Parentsareeitherpooratmathortheyfailedthemselves.Ineithercase,theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexperiencemathanxiety?

2.Howwould“mathanxious”studentsprobablyreacttotheirfailureatmath?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout“mathanxious”students?

4.Theauthorbelievesthat（

）.

5.Thepassagecouldbestbeentitledby（

）.

問題1選項

A.Primaryschoolstudents.

B.Highschoolstudents.

C.Collegestudents.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項

A.Slowdowntheirlessons.

B.Askmorequestionsthannecessary.

C.Gototheteacherforreassurance

D.Panicandacceptthedefeat.

問題3選項

A.Theyrealizethatthefeelingofutterdefeatisirrational.

B.Theyassumethatthecurriculumisnotreasonable.

C.Theyfeelthenewideasaretoodifficultforthemtolearn.

D.Theyregardthenewideasasonlysomethingtobeencounterednextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts.

問題4選項

A.apersoneitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind

B.astudentneedsamathematicalmindtosucceedatlearningcollegelevelmath

C.peopledoingadvancedresearchinmathusuallyhavewhatiscalleda“mathematicalmind”

D.parentswhoarepooratmaththemselvesaremorelikelytoexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical

問題5選項

A.MathAnxiety

B.OvercomingMathAnxiety

C.FailingtheMathExam

D.MathAnxiousStudents

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，有可能遭受焦慮的人是……”。文章第一段提到“不論這樣的情況出現(xiàn)在六年級，或者在應(yīng)對數(shù)學(xué)方程式的中，或者第一次面對微積分與統(tǒng)計學(xué)的大學(xué)”（Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!），由此可知，各個學(xué)習(xí)階段都會碰上數(shù)學(xué)難題，選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“遭遇‘?dāng)?shù)學(xué)焦慮’的學(xué)生對自己數(shù)學(xué)不及格的可能反應(yīng)是……”。文章第一段提到“徹底失敗的感覺是不理智的；然后數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的大學(xué)生和成年人發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論老師怎么安慰他們，他們都無法克服這種感覺”（thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling），選項D“恐慌并接受失敗”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的學(xué)生，一下說法正確的是……”。文章第二段提到“但是為什么那些能做其他學(xué)科的大學(xué)水平作業(yè)的人卻不能做大學(xué)水平的數(shù)學(xué)題呢？”（butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?），選項C“他們感覺自己很難學(xué)習(xí)新內(nèi)容”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為……”。文章最后一段提到“他們不愿意樹立這樣一個觀念，即有的人有數(shù)學(xué)頭腦，有的人沒有”（theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave），因此選項A符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“本文最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是……”。全文講的都是跟數(shù)學(xué)焦慮（mathanxiety）相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，因此選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_