考研考博-英語-唐山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped______inChicagoandNewYorkCity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.harmoniously

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.homogeneously同樣地B.simultaneously同時(shí)地

C.spontaneously自發(fā)地，自然地D.harmoniously和諧地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“在過去的十年里，摩天大樓在芝加哥和紐約_______拔地而起”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)詞義符合句意，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C項(xiàng)指自然發(fā)生的，非計(jì)劃性的；

A、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在過去的十年里，摩天大樓在芝加哥和紐約同時(shí)拔地而起。

2.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實(shí)，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

3.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為，卻認(rèn)為這是有益的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因?yàn)闆]有情感的世界里根本不存在獎(jiǎng)懲,所以人們無法學(xué)習(xí)。反之,如果因?yàn)樽隽苏_的事情而得到了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),那么人們就可能會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文內(nèi)容。

3.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀:因?yàn)闆]有任何形式的激勵(lì)。所以,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵(lì)的能力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構(gòu)造了世界。作為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Configuration“布置，結(jié)構(gòu)”；constitution“建立，組成，憲法”;condemnation“譴責(zé)”;contamination“污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章認(rèn)為，巖層大部分有有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

是起點(diǎn)也是終點(diǎn)，是終點(diǎn)也是起點(diǎn)；是歡聚也是離散，是出發(fā)也是歸宿。從來沒有一個(gè)地方，能匯集如許人的流動(dòng)量，從來沒有一個(gè)地方，能擁有如許悲歡離合。從清晨到白晝，從黃昏到晚上，從黑夜到黎明，數(shù)不清的腳印，帶著來自各地的泥土。重重疊疊，密密麻麻踩上去；有紅色的土來自山間，有褐色的土來自田野，有黑色的土來自城市，有白色的土來自海濱。聚攏又散失，堆積又瀉落，沒有一粒種子能在土里長(zhǎng)根，如同沒有一雙腳步會(huì)在這里駐留；緣因——這只是流動(dòng)的浮土，這僅是過往的月臺(tái)。

【答案】Itisthebeginningyettheend,theendyetthebeginning.Itisthereunionyetthediscrete,thestartingpointyetthedestination.Therehasneverbeenaplacethatcancollecttheflowofsuchpeopleandthatcanhavesuchjoysandsorrows.Frommorningtoday,fromdusktonight,fromnighttodawn,countlessfootprints,withsoilfromallovertheworld,steponit:redearthfromthemountains,brownearthfromthefields,blackearthfromthecities,andwhiteearthfromthecoast.Thosesoilgathersanddisperses,accumulatesandfalls.Noseedcangrowrootsinthesoil,justlikenopairoffeetwillstayhere.Becauseit’sjustfloatingclay,andit’sjusttheplatformofthepast.

6.單選題

Wehavetakenallthe（）wecanagainstthepaintingbeingstolen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precautions

B.admissions

C.concessions

D.transactions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precautions“預(yù)防措施”；B選項(xiàng)admissions“許可”；C選項(xiàng)concessions“讓步”；D選項(xiàng)transactions“交易”。句意：我們已采取了一切可能的預(yù)防措施以防那幅畫被盜。本句表示采取預(yù)防措施。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。buildup“增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng)”；carvedout“創(chuàng)業(yè)，開創(chuàng)”；foughtfor“為而奮斗”；stumbleon“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到”。句意：托馬斯作為一名攝影師開創(chuàng)了一份成功的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

OrientalRadiohasdecidedtocancelthispopstarfroma/an()broadcastforhisbreachofcontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lively

B.alive

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】lively活潑的，生動(dòng)的；alive活著的；live活的，生動(dòng)的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的；living現(xiàn)存的，逼真的。句意：東方電臺(tái)已決定取消這位流行歌星的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)廣播，因?yàn)樗`反了合同。只有選項(xiàng)C有直播的意思，所以正確。

9.單選題

—Youforgotyourkeyswhenyoulefthomeinthemorning.

—Goodheavens,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sodidI.

B.soIdid.

C.soyoudid.

D.sodidyou.

【答案】B

【解析】句意:早上，你離開家的時(shí)候，忘記拿鑰匙了。天啦，是的！

語法題。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一個(gè)人。根據(jù)句意關(guān)系，后句是表示同意上文陳述的內(nèi)容，而第一句主句的動(dòng)詞是forgot（過去時(shí)），因此“soldid”表示“確實(shí)”，符合句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，助動(dòng)詞需與前文保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個(gè)小型家庭聚會(huì)，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

11.單選題

Itwas（）wehadhoped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.asmuchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這次成功跟我所希望的一樣。

考查固定句式。asmuch+形容詞+as跟……-樣。

12.單選題

Sincehisloyalsupportersareallentrenchedinpowerfulandkeypositions,tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.estrange

B.emerged

C.fixed

D.lingered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。entrench“確立，牢固；挖掘”；A選項(xiàng)estrange“使疏遠(yuǎn)；離間”；B選項(xiàng)emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”的現(xiàn)在分詞；C選項(xiàng)fix“使牢固；修理；安裝；固定”；D選項(xiàng)linger“徘徊；茍延殘喘”。句意：由于他忠實(shí)的支持者都牢固地處于強(qiáng)有力且關(guān)鍵的位置，所以去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情。題干說到“tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情”，可知entrench在這里有“牢固”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Waterwillcontinuetobe（

）itistoday—nextinimportancetooxygen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。后面破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前一句做進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明，空格處所在句子為表語從句，所填詞引導(dǎo)表語從句且在句中做賓語。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：水將依然處于僅次于氧氣的重要地位。

14.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“打算，意圖，意向”，后可接of短語，也可以接不定式短語；B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣，愛好，利息，趣味”，后接介詞in；C選項(xiàng)wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”與D選項(xiàng)desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫無放棄其研究工作的打算。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他們的目標(biāo)不僅是擁有優(yōu)秀的公立大學(xué)，而且要讓該州的人口幾乎可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)入這些大學(xué)。”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一種公共利益，為未來培養(yǎng)自己的企業(yè)家和納稅人?！币簿褪钦f，大學(xué)是掛在工業(yè)面前的“誘餌”指的是大學(xué)培養(yǎng)工業(yè)精英。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”這導(dǎo)致人們擔(dān)心公立大學(xué)可能會(huì)失去它們的優(yōu)勢(shì)。也就是無法保持自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.為了增加其他收入，各個(gè)校區(qū)還招收了越來越多的外州學(xué)生?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.換句話說，在商學(xué)院和法學(xué)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，它們（州立大學(xué)）的行為越來越像私立大學(xué)?！边x項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A和C表述均不正確，選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

16.單選題

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指為某一目的聚集起來的一群人）；連隊(duì)；演出團(tuán)；賓客”；B選項(xiàng)accompaniment“伴奏；伴隨物”；C選項(xiàng)companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多時(shí)間和你在一起的人或動(dòng)物）；朋友；指南；手冊(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)compassion“同情；憐憫”。句意：上了年紀(jì)的人總是喜歡有親戚___。本句表達(dá)“年紀(jì)大的人喜歡有親戚陪伴”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

1.Librariesotherthanthoselistedaboverequireadditionalregistrationbeforeyoucanaccesstheircollections.

2.Inthepast,heusedtotellusofhisexpeditionsthroughthewoodsandfieldsroundhishome,andhowheexploredthesolitarybrooksandponds;andthenhedescribedthecuriousanimalsandbirdshesaw.

3.七月份中國(guó)消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)與去年同期比下降了0.9%,而六月份該指數(shù)下降了0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列舉的圖書館外，使用其他圖書館的藏書，你還需要另行注冊(cè)。

2.以前他時(shí)常對(duì)我說關(guān)于他在他家周圍的森林和原野中探險(xiǎn)的事，以及他怎樣找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他會(huì)描述他所見到的珍禽異獸。

3.China'sconsumerpriceindexinJulydroppedby0.9percentcomparedwiththatofthesameperiodinlastyearandtheindexfell0.8%inJune.

18.單選題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B選項(xiàng)dull“鈍的；遲鈍的；無趣的；呆滯的”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的；晦澀的；不清楚的；隱蔽的”；D選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；獨(dú)特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的”。句意：她對(duì)她詩人朋友的提及盡管令人關(guān)注，但是卻太晦澀而沒有人能理解。根據(jù)句中“buttoo但是卻太”可知“晦澀的”符合語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Hetriedtohidehis（

）patchbysweepinghishairovertooneside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barren

B.bald

C.bare

D.bleak

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析barren貧瘠的；bald禿頭的，赤裸裸的；bare空的，赤裸的；bleak暗淡的，昏暗的。句意：他試圖把頭發(fā)梳到一邊來掩蓋他的禿頂。答案B

20.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敵人”；rival“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”；opponent“反對(duì)者”。句意：雖然他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)球賽場(chǎng)上是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，但是他們私底下是好朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Hipreplacementsurgeryis（）jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesinglemostfrequent

B.themostsinglefrequent

C.thesinglefrequent

D.asinglefrequent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞排序。按照形容詞最高級(jí)用法，themost排在最前面，single表示種類，frequent表示頻率，處于常規(guī)形容詞排序之外，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.單選題

Thereare（

）periodsinanimal’slifewhenitiscapableoflearningagreatdealinaveryshorttime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.violent

C.serious

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。urgent意為“急迫的”；violent意為“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意為“嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)肅的”；critical意為“批評(píng)的，愛挑剔的”。

句意：動(dòng)物的一生當(dāng)中總會(huì)有一段暴力階段，那段時(shí)間它可以在短期內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)很多的東西。

23.單選題

TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contain意為“包含，容納”；retire意為“退休”；retain意為“保持，保留”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”。

句意：在英國(guó)出版的每一版新書，大英博物館都擁有免費(fèi)獲得一冊(cè)的權(quán)利。

24.問答題

Careerplanningdoesnot(A)guaranteethatalltheproblems,difficulties,or(B)decision-makingsituations(C)facingyouinthefuturewillbesolvedormade(D)moreeasily.

【答案】C；“facing”改為“thatface”。

【解析】考查從句。句意：職業(yè)規(guī)劃并不能保證你更容易解決未來所面臨的問題和困難，或者幫助你更輕松地做出抉擇?，F(xiàn)在分詞“facing”在句中作后置定語，可以表主動(dòng)表進(jìn)行，等同于“thatyouarefacing”，而句中并沒有體現(xiàn)出進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以將“facing”改為“thatface”，其中“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞“decision-makingsituation”，表示“你所面臨的抉擇困境”。

25.單選題

Themeetingwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atintervals

D.atrandom

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)會(huì)議是如此拖延,讓人筋疲力盡，以至演講者時(shí)不時(shí)停下來喘口氣。

考查短語辨析。Atlarge詳盡的，逍遙法外的，未被捕的，整個(gè)的；atease安逸，自由自在；atintervals不時(shí)地，相隔一定距離（或時(shí)間）地;atrandom隨便地，任意地。因此C符合句意。

26.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是，團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他們被告知要選錯(cuò)一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中超過一半的被選中的受害者會(huì)改變他們的觀點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人解釋說，他們知道小組的選擇是錯(cuò)誤的，但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力，因?yàn)樾〗M的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。最后得出結(jié)論，大多數(shù)會(huì)在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人加入一個(gè)群體時(shí)，他往往會(huì)接受這個(gè)群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，后面通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A和C表述太籠統(tǒng)，相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D，選項(xiàng)B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個(gè)標(biāo)題更好。

27.單選題

SinceJohnhassuchan（

）toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。aviation“航空，飛行術(shù)”；aviator“飛行員”；aversion“厭惡，反感”；avocation“副業(yè)，業(yè)余愛好”。句意：既然約翰那么討厭乘飛機(jī)，那我可以肯定他將不會(huì)愿意和我們一起去英國(guó)。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知答案C

28.單選題

Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractive

B.favorable

C.inspiring

D.peaceful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attractive吸引人的，令人愉快的B.favorable給人好印象的（有好感）

C.inspiring鼓舞人心的，激勵(lì)的，啟發(fā)靈感的D.peaceful安靜的，平靜的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】endearing的意思為“惹人喜愛的，討人喜歡的”，這里問春天是否曾經(jīng)惹人喜愛，讓人不自覺地被他吸引，attractive與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】春天曾經(jīng)如此惹人喜愛嗎？他走過的每一處、每一個(gè)商店櫥窗、每一張面孔，都曾經(jīng)是那么奇妙而有趣嗎？

29.單選題

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”；renovate“更新；修復(fù)”；invent“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”；advocate“提倡；擁護(hù)”?！翱茖W(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特征”與后面的“進(jìn)一步研究”“更深層次的思考”的關(guān)系是前者“促進(jìn)”后者的發(fā)生，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

30.單選題

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom，not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞誤用。將unusual改為special。句意:我提醒他,我們要求入住的是普通間,而不是專用房，并且，當(dāng)我詢問我們的房間有什么特殊時(shí),他似乎不想回答。unusual不尋常的；不平常的。special特別的；專門的。

31.單選題

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagosharply______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.declined

B.lessened

C.descended

D.slipped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)declined“下降；衰退”，表示數(shù)量或能量的下降；B選項(xiàng)lessened“減少；減輕；變小”；C選項(xiàng)descended“下降；下去；下來；遺傳；屈尊”，表示空間位置的從高到低；D選項(xiàng)slipped“滑動(dòng)；滑倒；犯錯(cuò)；失足；減退”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急劇下降。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

32.單選題

Gratitudeisdefinedastheartofshowing（）foreverykindness,greatandsmall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivation

B.appreciation

C.affection

D.opposition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivation的意思是“動(dòng)機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation的意思是“感激，欣賞”；C選項(xiàng)affection的意思是“喜愛，愛慕”；D選項(xiàng)opposition的意思是“反對(duì)，敵對(duì)”。題干的意思是“感恩就是一種對(duì)大大小小的善意表達(dá)（）的藝術(shù)。”根據(jù)首單詞Gratitude（感謝；感激）我們可知空格處應(yīng)填與該單詞聯(lián)系度最高的單詞，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

33.單選題

Morethan100（）catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loose“寬松的”；tamed“馴服的，平淡的”；wild“野生的”；stray“迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾經(jīng)在中國(guó)某個(gè)省份街上流浪的貓被收留并被組織去對(duì)付破壞莊稼的嚙齒動(dòng)物。

34.單選題

Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”；expire“期滿；終止”；fulfill“履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，滿足”；terminate“終止，結(jié)束”。句意：當(dāng)他的合同被出乎意料地終止時(shí)，他極度需要一份新工作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

35.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Nomanisanisland,”wrotethepoetJohnDonneseveralcenturiesago.Hewasacknowledgingoneofourmost(1)characteristics:thefactthatwearesocialanimalswhosebehaviorandpersonalitiesare(2)bythegroupstowhichwebelong.

Throughoutlife,mostofourdailyactivities(3)inthecompanyofothers.Whetherourpurposeisworking,playing,raisingafamily,learning,orsimplyrelaxing.Weusually(