考研考博-英語-南陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited,thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentifythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkerssuchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400”inparagraph3?

2.Accordingtoparagraph5,whydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

4.Accordingtoparagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear

B.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney

C.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth

D.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritieswhohavenormallifestyles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs

B.Theydonottrytofindemployment

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime

B.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously

C.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘為什么作者在第三段提到“福布斯400強(qiáng)”?’根據(jù)第三段第一句Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.“盡管社會上關(guān)于他們的神話總與事實(shí)相反，但是預(yù)測未來財(cái)富只要看你出生的家庭就行了”和第四句Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled“self-made”werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets.“榜單上那些可以被稱為“白手起家”的人并不是典型的出身貧寒；最重要的繼承資產(chǎn)?！笨梢源_定B選項(xiàng)“支持大部分富人都是繼承了家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。A選項(xiàng)“解釋每年公布財(cái)富榜單的意義”沒有在文章中提及；C選項(xiàng)“對家庭收入可以推測個(gè)人財(cái)富這一觀點(diǎn)提出質(zhì)疑”和D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明大部分富人與家庭之間的關(guān)系不多”與原文意思相反。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第5段，為什么在美國大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為自己是中產(chǎn)階級?’根據(jù)第五段第三句ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesinanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.“但是，美國是一個(gè)開放的階級制度，這一觀點(diǎn)使許多人認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)人都過著中產(chǎn)階級的生活方式，因?yàn)橐话銇碚f，人們不愿意承認(rèn)美國的階級差別?！焙偷谒木銽hus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.“因此，中產(chǎn)階級成為了普遍存在的規(guī)范，盡管許多自稱中產(chǎn)階級的人對這個(gè)階級地位的把握微乎其微?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“人們不愿意去了解階級的不同”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們其他人有著相同的生活方式”與原文的不同階級劃分相反，排除；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)椴磺宄A級，所以他們不知道如何去定義自己的位置”沒有在文章中提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)定自己和大多數(shù)人一樣有著正常的生活方式”與題干沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘關(guān)于美國的窮人，我們可以推斷出什么?’根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.“較低階級是由無家可歸的窮人組成的”和第二句Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.“這個(gè)階層的人幾乎沒有接受過正規(guī)教育，經(jīng)常失業(yè)或從事最低工資的工作?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“他們從事的工作不要求高學(xué)歷”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們無法找到初級職位”和B選項(xiàng)“他們沒有嘗試找工作”沒有在文章中提及。C選項(xiàng)“他們屬于服務(wù)行業(yè)人員和手工勞動者”根據(jù)文章信息，這類人是屬于中下階級，與題干不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第7段，為什么出現(xiàn)了下層階級?’根據(jù)最后一段第五句Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopment.“下層階級包括那些被當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展拋在后面的人?！焙偷诹銻ejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.“被排斥在經(jīng)濟(jì)體系之外的下層階級可能會依賴公共援助或非法活動?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的變化導(dǎo)致底層的人只能靠社會救濟(jì)或者違法行為來生存”。

2.單選題

Themotherreallytookprideinherson,a（）artistwhohadalreadyheldseveralnationalexhibitions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.perspective

C.descriptive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”；C選項(xiàng)descriptive“描述性的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“局部的，偏袒的”。句意：這位母親真的為自己的兒子感到驕傲，因?yàn)樗麅鹤游磥頃且晃凰囆g(shù)家，已經(jīng)舉辦過好幾次全國性的展覽?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容都是描述兒子的，從舉辦過好幾次展覽可知兒子最有可能成為未來的一位藝術(shù)家，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人軼事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（

）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers

（

）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho

（

）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess

（

）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver'sperformancewasatschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題其實(shí)也屬于主旨類題，解決方式也是找主旨。文章多出出現(xiàn)了“giftedstudents天賦學(xué)生”，第一句說到“Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.考慮到天才學(xué)生和他們的學(xué)校之間的不和諧，這些學(xué)生經(jīng)常對他們的學(xué)校生活沒什么好的評價(jià)也就不足為奇了?！蹦芴崛〕鰜淼男畔⒕褪恰疤熨x學(xué)生”對“學(xué)?！辈粷M，原因是“不和諧”。學(xué)校無法滿足他們的興趣和要求，因此有天賦的學(xué)生并不喜歡學(xué)校。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們往往不能滿足有才能學(xué)生的需要”正確。

2.作者意圖題。在第一段最后部分說到“AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.關(guān)于奧利弗?戈德史密斯，他的一位老師說：‘從來沒有像他這樣遲鈍的孩子?！@些孩子常常意識到他們知道的比老師多，他們的老師常常覺得這些孩子傲慢、注意力不集中或缺乏動力?！币虼俗髡咴谶@引用也是為了論證上文中提到的觀點(diǎn)：許多有天賦的學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很差或很不高興。A選項(xiàng)“支持他的論點(diǎn)”正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第一、二句說到“Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.有些有天賦的人可能在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很差，因?yàn)樗麄兊奶熨x不是學(xué)術(shù)的。也許我們可以這樣解釋畢加索?！闭f明畢加索的天賦并非學(xué)術(shù)性，因此在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)并不佳。C選項(xiàng)“不能成功地應(yīng)付他們在學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)”符合文意。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題是在找有天賦的學(xué)生自認(rèn)為的成功原因，第三段第一句說到“Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.在任何領(lǐng)域，當(dāng)極具天賦的學(xué)生談?wù)撌裁磳λ麄兡芰Φ陌l(fā)展重要時(shí)，他們更可能提到他們的家庭，而不是學(xué)?；蚶蠋??！币虼嗽谒麄兛磥恚晒Φ闹匾蛩厥恰凹彝ァ?。A選項(xiàng)“主要是父母的幫助和他們在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于“rootcause根本原因”。A選項(xiàng)“他們的不一致給他們帶來了很多麻煩”，文章并未重點(diǎn)講述“麻煩”造成他們不喜歡學(xué)校生活；B選項(xiàng)“他們很少受到老師的表揚(yáng)”和D選項(xiàng)“老師通常比他們的父母嚴(yán)厲得多”未提及，因此排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校的課程沒能激勵(lì)他們”，也就是沒有引起他們的興趣，第一段和第二段多處提到，這些學(xué)生常覺得自己比老師知道得多，因此學(xué)校的課程并沒有什么挑戰(zhàn)性。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒涼的”;destitute“貧困的”；derelict“荒廢的”。前面提到“他對工作的無聊和深深的蔑視源于工作關(guān)系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作關(guān)系”符合語境，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。request“請求，需要”；inquiry“探究，調(diào)查”；enquiry“詢問，詢盤”；proposal“提議，建議”。句意：他提出要請一天假以便能夠參加他女兒的婚禮。requestfor“要求，對…有請求”，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tour“旅行，旅游”，B項(xiàng)travel“長途旅行”，C項(xiàng)visit“訪問，逗留”，D項(xiàng)trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（賽跑等）賽程”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞earth（地球）和aroundthesun（圍繞太陽）可推測，空格處表示“旅程”，而根據(jù)語境，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠與make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每繞太陽一周需要一年的時(shí)間。因此，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動詞應(yīng)該與decrease相反，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內(nèi)容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應(yīng)該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考查動詞詞義辨析。fight“與……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢），可知前面是花錢在戰(zhàn)爭上，因此financeawar符合題意。

5.考查詞組辨析。carryout“實(shí)施”；carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryaway“運(yùn)走，使失去自制力”。與socialprogram搭配的動詞詞組是carryout，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政赤字”為固定搭配，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.考查動詞詞義辨析。expand“擴(kuò)張”；spend“度過，花費(fèi)”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴(kuò)大紙幣供應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務(wù)”的固定搭配，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。excessively“過分地”；automatically“自動地”；timely“及時(shí)地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵贺泿殴?yīng)量的增加將會導(dǎo)致貨幣價(jià)值自動下降。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.考查條件狀語從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來時(shí)態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對后者具體的舉例說明，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.考查詞義辨析。plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”；satisfy“滿足，說服”；supply“供給，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會以更高的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”，to表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認(rèn)為快銷產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.考查虛擬語氣。demand后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語一般要用虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動詞increase之間是被動關(guān)系，因此要用被動式，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費(fèi)用”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消費(fèi)者，用戶”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“經(jīng)理，管理人員”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a(chǎn)方為滿足要求會將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費(fèi)者身上，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來，總之”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.考查動詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹問題），四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A與D都有“導(dǎo)致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；excessive“過多的”。文章講述了導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的三個(gè)因素，第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因?yàn)槲业闹篮車?yán)重,牙醫(yī)不得不拔掉它。

考查形近詞辨析。Extricate使解脫,解救;exterminate消滅,根除;eradicate鏟除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

9.問答題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生了什么影響？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（隨著歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)過來，并開始實(shí)施緊縮計(jì)劃以減少進(jìn)口，20世紀(jì)20年代對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降了；結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格急劇下降），因此答案為Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格急劇下降）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，是什么惡化了20世紀(jì)30年代美國農(nóng)民的財(cái)政狀況？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（從1929年開始并延續(xù)到1939年的大蕭條使這些發(fā)展更加惡化），由此可知答案為GreatDepression（經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條）。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)委員會成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的第一個(gè)國家性的承諾），由此可知答案為Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性）。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案中有什么提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的計(jì)劃？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長權(quán)力，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議減少產(chǎn)量，這些農(nóng)民得到報(bào)酬，不再使用他們的土地；故意的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價(jià)格而計(jì)劃的），由此可知，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議，給予農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼減少土地使用權(quán)，降低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量可以提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格；即縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此答案為Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律是違反憲法的，因?yàn)槿竦亩愂斩急挥脕頌橐粋€(gè)特殊群體服務(wù)），由此可知，《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲是因?yàn)樗該p害別人的利益來使農(nóng)民受益；故答案為Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（這項(xiàng)法律以損害他人利益為代價(jià)使農(nóng)民受益）。

10.單選題

Manyfunctionsavailablefrommodernsoftwarearequite（）andhaveanumberofoptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.sustainable

C.accessible

D.applicable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代軟件提供的許多功能非常靈活且有多種選擇。

考查形容詞辨析。Flexible能適應(yīng)新情況的,靈活的,可變動的,柔韌的;sustainable,足可支撐的,養(yǎng)得起的,可持續(xù)的,;accessible,易接近的,可進(jìn)入的,可理解的,;applicable,可適用的,可應(yīng)用的。根據(jù)and后面的關(guān)鍵信息“haveanumberofoptions(有多種選擇)”可知A符合句意。

11.單選題

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girls