考研考博-英語-哈爾濱科學技術職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱科學技術職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.

TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedbyinflowfromthesubtropics.TheCoriolisEffectturnstheseinflowstotherightinthenorthernhemisphereandtotheleftinthesouthern,resultinginthegreattrade-windbeltsthatblowequatorwardandwestwardoverthewidthofthetropicalPacific.(3)Intheocean,thesewindstendtopushthesurfacewatertowardsthewest,sosealevelatIndonesiaisabout50cmhigherthanattheSouthAmericancoast,whichgivesanideaofthepowerandsteadinessofthetradewinds.Assurfacewaterispushedwest,coolersubsurfacewaterisdrawnuptothesurfaceintheeasternequatorialPacific.Thisupwelledwaterisnutrientrich,andsupportsalargepopulationofmarineandbirdlife,aswellasanimportantfisheryoffthecoastofPeruandEcuador.(4)Then,duringitsjourneywest,surfacewaterisheatedbythesuntotemperaturesofabout29℃overahugeareawestofthedateline,knownasthewestPacificwarmpool,wheretheoceanisroughly6℃higherthanwhenthewatercametothesurfaceintheeast.Thisairisalsoveryhumidduetoitslongpassageoverthetropicalocean,andwhenitrisesinthewestheavyprecipitinisproducedoverIndonesiaandSoutheastAsia.

Thewarmpoolisoneofthemajordrivingforcesofworldclimate.Itswarmthstrengthenstherisingmotioninthewestandtherebyreinforcesthewestwardwindsofthetradewindsystem.(5)Therising,moisture-ladenairpumpsheatandwatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcanbecarriedgreatdistances.Thehugesourceofheathelpssetthepathofthejetstreamsthatcontroltemperate-zoneweather,muchasalargerockinastreamdeterminesthepatternofwaterflow,includingwaverymotionsthatextendwelldownstreamoftherock.Therefore,whenthewarmpoolchangesshapeorposition,theeffectsrippleoutwardtoaffectmuchoftheworld’sweather.

【答案】1.厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是一種以赤道太平洋為中心的氣候系統(tǒng)的間歇性中斷，對太平洋盆地周圍的短期氣候產(chǎn)生影響。

2.太陽對赤道地區(qū)的加熱要比地球上其他地區(qū)強烈得多，所以那里的空氣往往會從表面上升，取而代之的是來自亞熱帶的流入。

3.在海洋中，這些風傾向于將表層海水推向西部，因此印度尼西亞的海平面比南美洲海岸高出約50厘米，這讓我們了解了信風的力量和穩(wěn)定性。

4.然后，在它向西航行的過程中，地表水在一個巨大的國際日期變更線以西的區(qū)域被太陽加熱到約29攝氏度，這片區(qū)域被稱為西太平洋暖池，那里的海洋溫度比海水到達東方表面時大約高出6攝氏度。

5.上升的充滿水分的空氣將熱量和水蒸氣抽到高層大氣中，在那里它們可以被帶去很遠的地方。

2.單選題

Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.Exactly10yearsago,ahedgefundcalledLong-TermCapitalManagement(LTCM)failedtoconvinceinvestorsthatitcouldrepayitsdebts,therebybringingtheworldtothebrinkofasimilar“l(fā)iquiditycrisis”totheonewenowsee.Disasterwasavertedthenonlybecauseregulatorsmanagedtoputtogetheramulti-billion-dollarbailoutpackage.

LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.Itsfallshouldhavebeenawake-upcalltobanksandtheirregulatorysupervisorsthatthemodelswerenotworkingaswellashoped-inparticularthattheywereignoringtherisksofextremeeventsandtheconnectionsthatsendsucheventsreverberatingaroundthefinancialsystem.Instead,theycarriedonusingthem?

Nowthatdisasterhasstruckagain,somefinancialriskmodelers-the"quant’s"whohavewieldedsomuchinfluenceovermodembanking-aresayingtheyknowwherethegapsintheirknowledgeareandarepromisingtofillthem.Shouldwetrustthem?

Theirtrackrecorddoesnotinspireconfidence.Statisticalmodelshaveprovedalmostuselessatpredictingthekillerrisksforindividualbanks,andworsethanuselesswhenitcomestoriskstothefinancialsystemasawhole.Themodelsencouragedbankerstothinktheywereplayingahigh-stakescardgame,whenwhattheywereactuallydoingwasmoreakintolininguparowofdominoes.

Howcouldsomanysmartpeoplehavegottenitsowrong?Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel’spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.Financeoffersenormousscopefordissembling:almostanyfailurecanbeexplainedawaybyajudiciouschoiceoflanguageanddata.Wheninvestorsdonotbehaveliketheself-interestedhomoeconomicsthateconomistssupposethemtobe,theyaredescribedasbeing"irrationallyexuberant"orblindedbypanic.Analternativeview-thatinvestorsarereactinglogicallyinthefaceofuncertainty-israrelyconsidered.Similarly,extremeeventsaredescribedashappeningonly"onceinacentury"-eventhoughthereisinsufficientdataonwhichtobasesuchanassessment.

Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.Theeventsofthepastyearhavedriventhishomeinaspectacularfashion:bysomeestimates,thebankingindustryhaslostmoremoneyinthecurrentcrisisthanithasmadeinitsentirehistory.

1.Whathappenedadecadeagointhefinancialworld（

）.

2.ThestatisticalmodelsusedbyLTCM

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemajorcauseofthecurrentfinancialcrisis?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatriskcontrolofthefinancialmarket（

）.

問題1選項

A.wasapredictoroftoday’ssituation

B.has,asamatteroffact,repeateditself

C.resultedfrominvestors'ignoranceofpotentialdanger

D.showedthenecessityofgovernmentintervention

問題2選項

A.hadaninfluenceontheentirefinancialsector

B.onlydealtwithriskswithinthescopeofthefund

C.wereappliedtodifferentfinancialoperations

D.hadinherentflawsknowntotheirusers

問題3選項

A.Thedecision-makerswerenotawareoftheriskofextremeevents.

B.Designersofthemechanismstopreventfinancialdisasterswereself-absorbed.

C.Relyingonthestatisticalmodels,bankerswereboldintheirbusinessoperations.

D.Riskmanagersfailedtoseetheweaknessinthesystemintime.

問題4選項

A.shouldbefocusedonunexpectedchanges

B.hasbeensupervisedbythosewhoareoptimistic

C.becomeseffectiveonlywithbank'scompliancewithgeneralmarketrules

D.isinadequateifitisonlydesignedforwhatmayhappeninahundredyears

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘十年前在金融界發(fā)生的事情怎樣？’根據(jù)第一段第一句“Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.全球金融體系危機最令人擔憂的事情之一是，警告信號已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一段時間，但沒有人注意到它們?！焙偷谌蔚谝痪洹癗owthatdisasterhasstruckagain現(xiàn)在災難又來了”。確定A選項“是今天情況的預兆”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘LTCM使用的數(shù)據(jù)模型怎么了？’根據(jù)第二段中“LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.LTCM的倒閉尤其引人注目，因為它的創(chuàng)始人非常重視使用統(tǒng)計模型來跟蹤他們投資中所固有的風險?！笨芍麄冏⒅赜谧约旱耐顿Y中固有的風險，所以B選項“只處理基金范圍內(nèi)的風險”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘作者認為導致當前經(jīng)濟危機的主要原因是什么？’根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel'spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.原因之一是，他們對模型預測能力的信心導致他們忽視了現(xiàn)實世界中發(fā)生的事情。”可知他們過于信賴這個模型導致這一后果，所以C選項“因為依賴統(tǒng)計模型，銀行家在他們的商業(yè)運作中很大膽”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘從文章中可以推斷出，金融市場的風險控制怎樣？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.定量分析師的模型可能在大多數(shù)情況下都能成功預測市場的走勢，但依賴模型的銀行家們卻沒有意識到，市場偏離常態(tài)的情況要比市場順應常態(tài)的情況重要得多?！贝_定C選項“只有在銀行服從一般市場規(guī)則的情況下才有效”正確。

3.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問題1選項

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

4.單選題

Abenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand（）fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.

問題1選項

A.furnishes

B.raises

C.accumulates

D.contributes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項furnishes“提供”；B選項raises“籌款”；C選項accumulates“積累”；D選項contribute“貢獻”。句意：義演是指一個慈善組織以折扣價買斷演出，并以全價出售門票來籌集資金的演出。本句表示籌集資金，因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhad（

）myparents（

）.

問題1選項

A.let...off

B.let...down

C.let...out

D.let...alone

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。let...off“放出，準許……暫停工作，寬恕”；let...down“使失望；辜負”；let...out“放出，泄漏”；let...alone“更不必說”。句意：當我被送進監(jiān)獄的時候，我真的覺得我讓我爸媽失望了。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴”；shelter“庇護，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛好”。句意：多我們來說知識是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時候，如果年輕時不開始，年老的時候它就不會給我們遮陰。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

問題2選項

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

問題3選項

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

問題4選項

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

問題5選項

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.（克里薩斯國王統(tǒng)治時期出現(xiàn)的具有相關價值的純金和銀幣，為國家當局提供了第一個毫無疑問的標準鑄幣證據(jù)）可知A、B、C的選項正確，因此選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因為它們是用手握著的錘子敲打的）和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.（來自希臘庫扎的銀質(zhì)硬幣鑄造于公元前413年，被認為是希臘最好的硬幣之一，價值超過1000美元）可知提到了這個銀幣的不足、價值以及年齡，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.（然而，人們不應該認為只有機器制造的硬幣才是有價值的），緊接著以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler舉例，是為了說明手工制作的硬幣具有很大的價值，因此選D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury（事實上，完全數(shù)學對稱的趨勢直到十六世紀萊昂納多?達?芬奇發(fā)明的印壓機才開始）可知B選項“硬幣制作的工藝”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因為它們是用手握著的錘子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬幣在形狀大小存在不足，機械制造出來的銀幣其形狀大小是統(tǒng)一的，因此選B。

8.寫作題

Asmostpeoplespendamajorpartoftheiradultlifeatwork,jobsatisfactionisanimportantelementofindividualwell-being.Whatarethefactorsthatcontributetojobsatisfaction?Howrealisticistheexpectationofjobsatisfactionforallworkers.

【答案】略

9.單選題

Icanrespectsomeonewhois（）fortheiractions,butIcannotrespectsomeonewhoisalwayspointingthefinger.

問題1選項

A.millennium

B.dominant

C.accountable

D.commercial

【答案】C

【解析】語義題。millennium一千年，千禧年；dominant占優(yōu)勢的，支配的；accountable負有責任的；commercial商業(yè)的，商務的。accountable符合要求。根據(jù)句中but一詞推測,空格出應填與alwayspointingthefinger(總是指手畫腳)反向的詞。因此選C。

10.單選題

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

問題1選項

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“結束；終結”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“減輕；緩和”，“仔細地瀏覽作文”的目的是“排除錯誤”，符合邏輯，所以此處應該使用動詞eliminate，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：羅斯瑪麗亞當小姐仔細地瀏覽作文，以排除所有錯誤。

11.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問題1選項

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對過去的推測，故B項正確。

12.單選題

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

問題1選項

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:說到電腦，他還是有點在行的。而這也成為他在朋友面前自夸的資本。

考查短語辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其談;feelrightabout感覺是對的;getawaywith僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫;whenitcomesto當提到。故D符合句意。

13.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問題2選項

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問題3選項

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問題5選項

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學、技術和工業(yè)之間的相互關系在今天被認為是理所當然的——不能完全準確地概括為“研究和開發(fā)”……即使在當今這個大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開發(fā)的時代，這個過程中所涉及的相互關系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關系可能以幾種不同的方式流動，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個人情況。它有時甚至是多向的?！笨芍髡唛_頭即點明人們對科學，技術，工業(yè)的相互關系的誤解，最后一句也點明這三者之間正變得越來越疏遠。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對這三者之間的誤解。故A項正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀后期，只有少數(shù)幾個行業(yè)能夠使用科學技術或關心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學技術的行業(yè)”。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀中葉，科學知識和公眾意識（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴展使人們相信，科學的進步將以某種未指明的方式自動地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟效益。由此可知人們相信科學進步能夠帶來經(jīng)濟效益。故D項正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎研究的科學家也擔任顧問，從事以實際方式應用研究的項目?！睆氖禄A研究的科學家也兼顧應用研究，可知作者想表明科學家對應用研究的貢獻。故C項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學-技術-工業(yè)關系可能以幾種不同的方式流動，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個人情況。它有時甚至是多向的?！笨芍狣項“科學和技術正變得越來越分離開”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項正確。A項與此內(nèi)容不符。B項“基本科學研究不能產(chǎn)生實際應用”文中沒提到；C項“工業(yè)應該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點錢”文中也沒提到。

14.翻譯題

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.

Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

【答案】我們在這個世界上的處境很奇怪。每個人短暫來訪，不知原因。不過有時候似乎也會察覺到某種目的。

然而，從日常生活的角度來看，有一樣是確定的：人總是為了他人而活著。為了那些重要的人，他們的笑容和幸福是我們快樂的來源。也是為了數(shù)不清的陌生人，憐憫之心將我們與他們連系在一起。每天我都會多次意識到，我自己的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活，在多大程度上是建立在同胞的勞動之上的，他們或活著，或者已經(jīng)逝去。意識到我必須多么努力地去付出，以回報我所得到的一切?？偢杏X我從他人的勞動成果中獲取太多，為此我經(jīng)常惴惴不安。

總體上，在我看來，沒完沒了地思考自己存在的理由和生命的意義是非常愚蠢的行為。然而，每個人都有自己的理想來指引自己的抱負和是非判斷。始終在我面前閃耀著，讓我深感活著的喜悅的理想是善、美和真理。以舒適和幸福為目的的理想從來不能吸引我。建立在這個基礎之上的倫理體系只能適用于一群牲畜。

15.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問題1選項

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，B項before“之前”，C項preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D項following“其次的，接著的”。根據(jù)句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：獨立戰(zhàn)爭之前，美國是英國的殖民地。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

16.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

1.Digitaldivideissomething（）.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof（）.

4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

問題2選項

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

問題3選項

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

問題4選項

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

問題5選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：數(shù)字鴻溝是_______。通過題干關鍵詞“dig