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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glanced“瞥閃,瞥見,掃視,匆匆一看(強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)的加以注意瞥了一眼);瀏覽;斜擊某物后斜彈開來(lái);反光;輕擦(球);(板球)斜擊”;B選項(xiàng)glimpsed“瞥見(強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的,比如某個(gè)東西在眼前閃了一下,不是主動(dòng)去看)”;C選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視,瞪眼看;發(fā)出刺眼的光”;D選項(xiàng)scribbled“亂畫;潦草地書寫;寫作(非正式);粗疏(羊毛)”。句意:他離開辦公室前___手表。本句表達(dá)“主動(dòng)地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthatonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thisperceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishestoshowcolorableexcusefortheunfulfilmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andalsohowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanpromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvesbetodeceived.

26.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat______.

27.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates______.

28.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare______.

29.Thefox,inthepassage,is______.

30.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforce

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginintelligence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat______.26.作者不相信_(tái)_____。

A.thetruthmakesmenfreeA.真理使人自由

B.peoplecanprotectthemselvesB.人們可以保護(hù)自己

C.princesarehumanC.王子是人類

D.leadershavetobeconsistentD.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文主要論述了人類斗爭(zhēng)方式和野獸斗爭(zhēng)方式的相同和異同之處。作者認(rèn)為bylaw(法律)是人類所用的斗爭(zhēng)方式,byforce(武力)是動(dòng)物采用的斗爭(zhēng)方式,而從第二段對(duì)王子的描述可以看出,王子們只會(huì)themethodoffightingbyforce(用武力對(duì)抗的方法);綜合理解,可推斷作者認(rèn)為王子不屬于人這一類。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“真理使人自由”和B選項(xiàng)“人們可以保護(hù)自己”沒提及,無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”與原文相反,作者認(rèn)為作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,應(yīng)該要很好的偽裝自己,該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates______.27.“王子”在文中指的是______。

A.anyoneinpowerA.有權(quán)利的人

B.electedofficialsB.民選官員

C.aristocratsC.貴族

D.sonsofkingsD.國(guó)王的兒子

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知,由第一段的第二和第三句“因此,一個(gè)王子有必要知道如何使用獸和人。這是古代作家秘密教導(dǎo)統(tǒng)治者的(taughttotherulers)……”可知,文章中的“王子”是指領(lǐng)導(dǎo)別人的人,結(jié)合第二段,該段講述了王子應(yīng)該模仿狐貍和獅子,像野獸一樣行事,第三句提到“所以一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的統(tǒng)治者(aprudentruler)不應(yīng)當(dāng)守信,因?yàn)槭匦庞袚p于他的利益,使他約束自己的理由也不存在了”,綜上所述推斷,“princes”指的是有權(quán)利的統(tǒng)治者。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“民選官員”、C選項(xiàng)“貴族”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)王的兒子”,文章中用的是比喻的手法,將prince比作ruler,并不是表示國(guó)王的兒子,所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare______.28.獅子代表的是______的人。

A.tootrustingA.太相信別人

B.reliantonforceB.依賴武力

C.strongandpowerfulC.強(qiáng)有力的

D.lackinginintelligenceD.缺乏智慧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“……獅子無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受陷阱的傷害,狐貍也無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受狼的傷害”,這是獅子和狐貍的鮮明對(duì)比,獅子不能躲過陷阱,而狐貍逃脫不了被狼襲擊的命運(yùn),故我們能看出獅子是靠自己的力量。因此,B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“太相信別人”、C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)有力的”和D選項(xiàng)“缺乏智慧”與原文不符,曲解原文。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Thefox,inthepassage,is______.29.根據(jù)文章,狐貍______。

A.admiredforhistrickeryA.因詭計(jì)多端而受到稱贊

B.nomatchforthelionB.不是獅子的對(duì)手

C.pitiedforhiswilesC.因詭計(jì)多端而令人同情

D.consideredworthlessD.被認(rèn)為一文不值

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“……獅子無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受陷阱的傷害,狐貍也無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受狼的傷害”,這是獅子和狐貍的鮮明對(duì)比,獅子不能躲過陷阱,而狐貍能躲過陷阱和圈套,故狐貍在這篇文章中因?yàn)橛杏?jì)謀而受到稱贊。因此,A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“不是獅子的對(duì)手”在文中并沒有對(duì)它們進(jìn)行比較,而是作對(duì)比,曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“因詭計(jì)多端而令人同情”推斷錯(cuò)誤,與原文表述不符,曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為一文不值”沒提到,無(wú)中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.30.作者建議一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須______。

A.beprudentandfaithfulA.謹(jǐn)慎和忠誠(chéng)

B.cheatandlieB.欺騙和撒謊

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactionsC.有原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)他的行動(dòng)

D.followthetruthD.遵循真理

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段后部分的內(nèi)容:一個(gè)王子想要為他未實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言找個(gè)冠冕堂皇的借口,他的正當(dāng)理由也從來(lái)沒有落空過。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn),我們可以舉出無(wú)數(shù)的例子,也可以舉出多少次和平被破壞,人們的諾言如何因君主的不忠誠(chéng)(thefaithlessnessofprinces)而變得毫無(wú)價(jià)值,那些最能模仿狐貍的人也最成功。但是,必須能夠很好地偽裝這一性格,成為一個(gè)偉大的偽裝者和掩飾者,而人們是如此的單純和樂意服從,以至于欺騙人的人(theonewhodeceives)總是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些允許自己被欺騙的人。從這里我們可以知道,一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須要能夠偽裝自己,具備欺騙和說謊兩種能力,故B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎和忠誠(chéng)”與原文相反,反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“有原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)他的行動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“遵循真理”沒提及,無(wú)中生有。

3.單選題

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesroom為……留出空間;B選項(xiàng)leavesnoroom沒有空間;沒有余地;C選項(xiàng)sparesnoefforts不遺余力;D選項(xiàng)takesnopains沒有費(fèi)力氣,沒有痛苦。根據(jù)前文可知,他已經(jīng)列舉出了確鑿的證據(jù),沒有必要進(jìn)一步爭(zhēng)論。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Iwish(

)thatmuchmoneylastmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ihadnotspent

B.didnotspent

C.wouldnothavespent

D.havenotspent

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)lastmonth可知此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的情況,因此wish后面要用過完完成時(shí)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意:我希望我上個(gè)月沒花這么多錢。

5.翻譯題

WhenyourpersonalwealthisgreaterthanthegrossdomesticproductofSlovakia,findinganincentivetogetoutofbedonachillyMondaymorninginSeattleisnevergoingtobeeasy.

Soit’sperhapsnogreatsurprisethatBillGates,theworld’srichestman,hasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayinvolvementwithMicrosoft,thebehemothheco-foundedmorethan30yearsago.

Insteadoffrettingaboutcomputercodes,the50-year-oldwillusehisobsessiveattentiontodetailtooverseehowtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationspendsitsassetsof£16billion.

Inabandoninghiscareeronthecuspofmiddleageanddevotingtherestofhislifetocharitablecauses,Gates—whoisworthabout£27billionisfollowingawell-troddenpath.

Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandwomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.

【答案】當(dāng)你的個(gè)人財(cái)富超過斯洛伐克的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值時(shí),要想找出周一早上頂著西雅圖的寒冷徹骨也要起床上班的動(dòng)力,就實(shí)在不那么容易了。

因此,世界首富比爾?蓋茨(BillGates)決定不再參與30多年前他與人共同創(chuàng)辦的軟件巨頭——微軟的日常工作,也就不足為奇了。

現(xiàn)年50歲的蓋茨決定不再與軟件代碼這一類事務(wù)打交道,轉(zhuǎn)而專心致志于比爾和梅琳達(dá)?蓋茨基金會(huì)如何花費(fèi)了160億英鎊這一細(xì)節(jié)問題上。

身價(jià)270億英鎊的蓋茨在中年之際放棄了自己的事業(yè),將余生獻(xiàn)給了慈善事業(yè)。

自工業(yè)革命以來(lái),白手起家的富有商人們就感受到了超越追求財(cái)產(chǎn)損益表力量的召喚。

6.單選題

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnards(腸胃)arediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithascertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespected.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecomingmysteriousanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumorististhattheyarereallyverysadpeopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingswittilycalledthem,“tireboots”).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsorts,withhisupmomentsandhisdownmoments,andyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristtotastethesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcrying,andifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepointwherehisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealm,itisbecausehumor,likepoetry,hasanextracontent.ItplaysclosetothebighotfirewhichisTruth,andsometimesthereaderfeelstheheat.

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumor

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalue

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientific

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumor

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumor

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubbles

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhile

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughableway

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholy

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfully

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurface

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymoments

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcrying

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.parallelism

B.metaphors

C.metonymy

D.similes

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.11.在第一段,作者想說______。

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumorA.就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣,分析家也可以解剖幽默

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalueB.詳細(xì)的,科學(xué)的分析不適合幽默,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)使幽默失去它的審美價(jià)值

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientificC.有些人對(duì)幽默的分析太科學(xué)了

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthorD.分析者對(duì)幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段,在第二句提到“幽默是可以被解剖的,就像青蛙一樣,但是在解剖的過程中,幽默就蕩然無(wú)存”,我們可以得知,幽默可以像青蛙一樣被科學(xué)地解剖,但是這樣會(huì)使得幽默失去其價(jià)值,B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣,分析家也可以解剖幽默”雖然在文中提到了,但并不是作者真正表達(dá)的意思,屬于張冠李戴;

C選項(xiàng)“有些人對(duì)幽默的分析太科學(xué)了”和D選項(xiàng)“分析者對(duì)幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣”并沒有體現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.12.作者以吹肥皂泡機(jī)為例,說明______。

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumorA.產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumorB.過分夸張或絕對(duì)直白都不適合幽默

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubblesC.人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對(duì)肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhileD.幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時(shí)間

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,倒數(shù)第四句提到“幽默有點(diǎn)像這樣(likethat):它經(jīng)不起過分夸張,也經(jīng)不起過多的直截了當(dāng)”,由likethat可以推斷,這里是與上文的吹肥皂泡機(jī)的描述進(jìn)行類比,所以作者以吹肥皂泡機(jī)為例,是為了說明幽默既不適合過分夸張也不適合直截了當(dāng),B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧”沒有提到,無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對(duì)肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)”不符合原文分析,曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時(shí)間”沒提到,無(wú)中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.13.根據(jù)作者的說法,幽默家與普通人的不同之處在于______。

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughablewayA.他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholyB.他們生活中有很多煩惱,他們很憂郁

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfullyC.他們更能感受生活的悲傷,他們能愉快地忍受和表達(dá)痛苦

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheartD.他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“我認(rèn)為,更準(zhǔn)確的說法是,每個(gè)人的生活中都流淌著一股深深的憂郁之脈,而幽默家或許比其他人更能體會(huì)到這一點(diǎn),他們會(huì)積極而肯定地彌補(bǔ)這一點(diǎn)”,以及第五句“他們懷著良好的愿望與痛苦斗爭(zhēng),愉快地忍受痛苦,因?yàn)樗麄冎肋@將在不久的將來(lái)給他們帶來(lái)幸?!保C合理解可知,幽默家和普通人的內(nèi)心同樣都有憂郁,但是幽默家更明智,他們會(huì)積極的去彌補(bǔ)它,愉快地面對(duì)痛苦,用幽默的語(yǔ)言將痛苦表達(dá)出來(lái)。C項(xiàng)符合這一分析,C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷”表達(dá)不全面,以偏概全;

B選項(xiàng)“他們生活中有很多煩惱,他們很憂郁”曲解原文,作者認(rèn)為每個(gè)人的人生中都有憂郁和悲傷;

D選項(xiàng)“他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑”反向干擾,作者在第三段前兩句提到“說幽默家是小丑是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.14.一篇幽默的文章會(huì)讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信,因?yàn)開_____。

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurfaceA.它以一種閃閃發(fā)光的表面表達(dá)了人生悲哀的真諦

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymomentsB.每個(gè)人都有快樂和不快樂的時(shí)候

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcryingC.笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmicD.它就像詩(shī)歌,非常有節(jié)奏

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先根據(jù)題干中的信息Ahumorouspieceofwriting定位至最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“如果一篇幽默的文章讓一個(gè)人的情緒反應(yīng)不值得信任,似乎有可能突破到相反的領(lǐng)域,那是因?yàn)橛哪?,像?shī)歌一樣,有額外的內(nèi)容”,以及最后一句“它靠近熊熊烈火,也就是真理,有時(shí)讀者也能感受到它的熱度”,從中可知,一篇幽默的文章會(huì)讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信,是因?yàn)樗须[含的內(nèi)容,即它表達(dá)了悲哀的真理;而在上一段最后一句指出“在這些困境的閃閃發(fā)光的表面下(thesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmas),涌動(dòng)著人類苦難的洪流”,綜合理解,幽默的文章使讀者情感不可信是因?yàn)樵陂W閃發(fā)光的表面下暗藏著悲哀的真相,A項(xiàng)符合這一分析。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都有快樂和不快樂的時(shí)候”和題干無(wú)關(guān),張冠李戴;

C選項(xiàng)“笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別”與原文表述不符,原文提到的是aratherfineline(相當(dāng)微妙的界限),該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“它就像詩(shī)歌,非常有節(jié)奏”的前半部分有提到,但后半部分屬于無(wú)中生有。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.15.這篇文章的成功在于它對(duì)______的廣泛使用。

A.parallelismA.排比

B.metaphorsB.隱喻

C.metonymyC.轉(zhuǎn)喻

D.similesD.明喻

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文,由第二段肥皂泡機(jī)和幽默的比喻,以及最后一段詩(shī)歌和幽默的比喻,可知作者在文中多次使用明喻的修辭手法,使文章生動(dòng)、形象和具體,給讀者留下鮮明深刻的印象,所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“排比”、B選項(xiàng)“隱喻”和C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)喻”屬于曲解原文。

7.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(

).

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest(

).

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas(

).

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto(

).

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項(xiàng)意為“為了揭示一個(gè)生物學(xué)家是如何對(duì)鯨魚研究感興趣的”;B項(xiàng)意為“描述了一個(gè)科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”;C項(xiàng)意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動(dòng)物相似”;D項(xiàng)意為“為了突出進(jìn)行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險(xiǎn)”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是一個(gè)記敘文,作者描述了自從1967年以來(lái)就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時(shí)間觀。B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)直接的方法是徒勞的”;B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)看起來(lái)似乎很神奇”;C項(xiàng)意為“這項(xiàng)工作有多么危險(xiǎn)”;D項(xiàng)意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時(shí)候,這種動(dòng)物的龐大身軀不時(shí)地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧,我們到目前為止只完成了這個(gè)鑰匙孔的一個(gè)小的擴(kuò)大?!_定作者要表達(dá)的意思是盡管付出了種種努力,到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個(gè)鑰匙孔擴(kuò)大了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無(wú)法被看到是什么的行為”;B項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)典型的能在鯨魚等動(dòng)物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”;C項(xiàng)意為“顯然無(wú)益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項(xiàng)意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進(jìn)行的對(duì)比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,一個(gè)行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ?huì)把玩耍和快速的行動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起,能夠意識(shí)到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維,它們玩耍要有更長(zhǎng),更緩慢的節(jié)奏,動(dòng)作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項(xiàng)“特定物種的行為方式最初無(wú)法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識(shí)到,通過被動(dòng)的觀察來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來(lái)更大的回報(bào)。我很快意識(shí)到,被動(dòng)觀察所帶來(lái)的約束比實(shí)驗(yàn)工作所帶來(lái)的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩(shī)形式的限制,使得寫詩(shī)變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動(dòng)觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式,其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩(shī),而不是民謠。’根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“passive”觀察,也就是受限制的觀察,C選項(xiàng)“傳達(dá)了對(duì)一個(gè)明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里,我是一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)主義者。’確定A選項(xiàng)‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及;由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時(shí)需要翻遍方法以及自己對(duì)不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注,確定C選項(xiàng)“和鯨魚工作時(shí)所需要的方法的變化”和D選項(xiàng)“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進(jìn)行不同類型的研究”兩項(xiàng)有涉及;但B選項(xiàng)“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動(dòng)機(jī)”作者并沒有提到,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

UnlessyoulivedthroughtheEisenhowerera,itmaybehardtoimaginetheimpactoftheon-screensightofsneeringhigh-schoolstudentschallengingadultswithswitch-blades.Butin1950sAmerica,killingwasstillseenassomethingrareandhorrible,somethingdonebysoldiersinbattle,bylawmen,bygangsters,orbytheoccasionalpsychopath.

Homicidesinmovies,eventhoseconsideredviolent,wereinfrequent.Thosefilmspresentedjuveniledelinquencymoreasthethreadofrebellionanddisobediencethanofoutrightviolence.

TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.Thechangein1957whenawaveofteen-street-gangkillinginNewYorkCity(22inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear)spurredtheemergencydeploymentofsixhundredPoliceAcademycadetsinawaronteenstreetcrime.Thoughteenviolencesoonlostitsplaceinnewsheadlinestoothercrises,itdidnotgoaway.

Thirty-fiveyearslaterAmericaisinthegripofaviolenceepidemicthathastransformedthecountryintooneofthemostdangerousnationsonearth.Thenationalhomiciderate,correctedforpopulationgrowth,increasedalmostexactly100percentfrom1950to1990.Inmajorcitiestheincreasehasbeenmuchhigher.InLosAngelesCountythe1953homicidetotalwas82.In1992,withapopulationalmostdoubled,thetotalwas2,512一anincreaseofover1,000percent.Thesearestaggeringincreasebyanymeasure,withtheone-yeartollforL.A.CountyexceedingthedeathsinoverfifteenyearsofconflictinNorthernIreland.

Youthcrimeaccountsforadisproportionatenumberofthesekillings.That’smorethantwicethenumberrecordedadecadeearlier,reflectingthefact,accordingtoFBIreports,thatthenumberofyouthswhocommittedmurderwithgunswasup79percentinonedecade.Clearlysomethinghasgonehorriblywrong.Inlookingforarootcause,oneofthemostobviousdifferencesinthesocialandculturalfabricbetweenpost-WorldWarIIandpre-WorldWarIIAmericaisthemassiveandpervasiveexposureofAmericanyouthtotelevision.Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientistsandmedicalresearchershavebeenexaminingscreenviolenceasapossiblecausativeelementinAmerica’sspiralingviolentcrimerate.Thereiscompellingevidenceofadirect,demonstrablelink.HomicidehasbecomethesecondleadingcauseamongAfrican-Americanyouth.In1992theUSsurgeongeneralcitedviolenceastheleadingcauseofinjurytowomenaged15to44,andtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlconsiderviolenceapublichealthissue,tobetreatedasanepidemic.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat().

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

3.Amajorreasonforyouthcrimeincreaseis().

4.Itisafact,in1992,that().

5.Theword“spiraling”(Para.5)iscloseinmeaningto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthe1950sonhigh-schoolstudentshavebeenathreattothesafetyofadults

B.inthe1950sonlysomegun-menusedgunasweapons

C.itwasinthelate1950sthatviolencewasfrequent

D.youthcrimebeganinthe1950s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereweremorethan22killingsofteenagersinNewYork,in1957.

B.Thewaveofteenmurderurgedpolicementotakeaquickaction.

C.ViolencewassoemergentthatevensixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereturnedtoforhelp.

D.SixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereinvolvedinthestreetcrime.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.populationgrowstoomuch

B.youngpeopleareexposedtoomuchtoscreenviolence

C.violenceisapublicissue

D.theeconomicbackground

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.populationinLosAngeleswasof2,512people

B.homicidetotaled352inLosAngeles

C.homicideroseupto2,512inLosAngeles

D.populationinLosAngeleswasover1,512

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moving

B.changing

C.rising

D.falling

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知沒有提及高中生對(duì)成年人的安全構(gòu)成威脅,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)B在文中也沒有提及;根據(jù)二三段的內(nèi)容,在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國(guó)很難想象青少年犯罪,然而確實(shí)發(fā)生了,“TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.”由此可以推斷,選項(xiàng)D正確。原文主要說的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力,所以選項(xiàng)C不正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thechangein1957...teenstreetcrime.”1957年,紐約市發(fā)生了一起青少年街頭幫派殺人事件(今年前6個(gè)月有22起),促使600名警察學(xué)院學(xué)員緊急部署,以打擊青少年街頭犯罪。所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientists...demonstrablelink.”自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),行為科學(xué)家和醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員一直在研究銀幕暴力,認(rèn)為它可能是美國(guó)不斷上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的證據(jù)表明,兩者之間存在直接的聯(lián)系。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)兩句“InLosAngelesCounty...ofover1,000percent.”1953年洛杉磯縣共有82個(gè)殺人犯。1992年,殺人犯總數(shù)達(dá)到2512,幾乎翻了一番——增加超過1000%。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)原文句意可知,“spiraling”指急劇增長(zhǎng)的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Thelessonforallofusisthatwedobetterforourselvesandourcommunitiesifw

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