高考英語復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞課件

Non-finiteVerbsNon-finiteVerbstheInfinitives(不定式)theGerunds(動名詞)theParticiples(分詞)TheInfinitivestheInfinitives1.動詞不定式的功能2.不帶to的動詞不定式3.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)4.疑問代詞/副詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的功能1.動詞不定式的功能1)作主語2)作表語3)作賓語

4)作賓語補足語5)作定語6)作狀語predicativesubjectobjectobjectcomplementattributiveadverbial動詞不定式作主語不定式做主語的時候,常常用it代替它作形式主語,不定式放在謂語之后。

e.g.Itwouldbewrongforhertomarryformoney.

動詞不定式作表語1)betodo

a.表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事

e.g.Sheistostarttheperformancenextmonth.

b.表示可能性,必要、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、禁止等。

e.g.Nobodyistoknowthedecisionmadeinthemeetingtoday.

betodovs.begoingto?動詞不定式作表語betodo:

表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事

e.g.Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)begoingto:

表示主觀的打算或計劃

e.g.I

amgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.

明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)動詞不定式作表語2)用于被動語態(tài)tobedone,相當(dāng)于can(could),should,oughtto,must具有情態(tài)意義。

e.g.Thiskindofskirtisnowheretobefoundthisyear.=Thiskindofskirtcannotbefoundthisyear.動詞不定式作賓語1)P53.1)v.+todo2)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider,regard等動詞后

v.

+it+adj./n./prep.phrase+todosth.

e.g.Ibelieveitbesttoleavethewholemattertohisdiscretion.

3)about/but/except/save/than+todo

e.g.Theywereabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.(beaboutto表示即將發(fā)生的動作,在時間上指最近的將來。)動詞不定式作賓語3)about/but/except/insteadof/save/than+todo

e.g.Ihavenochoicebuttogiveup.

我別無選擇,只能放棄。

Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.他只想待在那兒，別的什么都不想。Note:如果句中的except或but之前有實義動詞do或help的限定形式或非限定形式，其賓語為不帶to的不定式

e.g.Theoldman’ssondidnothingbutplaygames.動詞不定式作賓語補足語v.+sb.+todosth.(動詞詳見P6)

e.g.Youcancounton

himtohelp.你可以指望他幫忙。Note:

hope,suggest,demand后只接從句,不接sb.todo形式。

e.g.Isuggesthimnottovisitthemuseumduringtheweekend.Isuggestthathe(should)notvisitthemuseumduringtheweekend.×√動詞不定式作定語1)不定式動詞為不及物動詞,其后須有相應(yīng)介詞e.g.Shehasachildtotakecareof.2)不定式修飾therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的主語。P63)有時表示同位關(guān)系。P64)修飾作主語的名詞,表示動作即將發(fā)生。P65)thefirst/thesecond/thelast/thebest/theonlyone+todo

e.g.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.動詞不定式作狀語WhichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsdoesNOTexpressRESULT?

A.Heracedthroughthelivingroom,onlytofindthefrontdoorclosed.B.Shewouldn’tbeso

careless

asto

forgetherluggage.C.Hehesitatedsoastochoosetherightword.D.Hisindifferenceissuchastomakeonedespair.動詞不定式作狀語1)表目的,inorderto,soasto(只用于句中或句尾)Note:

soastovs.so...astovs.suchastosoasto=inordertoe.g.WegotupearlythismorningsoasnottomissthefirsttraintoLondon.=WegotupearlythismorninginordernottomissthefirsttraintoLondon.表目的動詞不定式作狀語so+

adj./adv.

+asto=suchastoe.g.Hespokesoeloquentlyastomovealloftheaudiencetotears.=Hespokesuchastomovealloftheaudiencetotears.如此......以至于......表結(jié)果TheGerundstheGerunds1.動名詞的功能2.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)3.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)4.動名詞和不定式做賓語的區(qū)別動名詞的功能1.動名詞的功能1)作主語2)作表語3)作動詞賓語

4)作介詞賓語5)作定語動名詞作主語1)Itis+adj./n.+doingsth.

(adj./n.詳見P15)

e.g.Itisnouse

cryingoverspiltmilk.2)Thereisnodoingsth.=Itisimpossibletodo.

e.g.Thereisnotrustingsuchaman.Note:todovs.doingTofinishtheprojectinonemonthisimpossible.Beingpoorisnodisgrace.todo:主語表示的是某個具體情況時doing:多表示抽象的,

普遍的概念P16動名詞2.作表語P16

e.g.Heraimiseverybodyfindingtherightpartner.3.做動詞賓語

1)

v.+doingsth.P16

e.g.Thesenatordeniedevermakingsuchastatement.

2)allow/advise/permit/recommend+doing

allow/advise/permit/recommend+sb.todo動名詞作介詞賓語4.作介詞賓語

1)prep.+doingsth.

e.g.Hissistertooktoknitting

inhersparetime.

2)fortheretobe

e.g.Fortheretobe

somanypeopleatthesquarewasunusual.

oftherebeinge.g.What’sthechanceoftherebeingageneralelectionthisyear?5.作定語P17

e.g.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthesinging

competition?like,esp.afterknowingsth.foronlyashorttime動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.動名詞的時態(tài)P171)一般時

doing2)完成時havingdone2.動名詞的被動語態(tài)P17

e.g.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosen

tobethenewdirectorofthecompany.Note:need/want(需要)/deserve/repay/require/beworth+doingsth.主動表被動

e.g.Thisroomwantscleaningup.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)3.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

句子不能體現(xiàn)動名詞動作的執(zhí)行者，需加邏輯主語：n./pron.的所有格或通格(即主格和賓格)+doing.注：

當(dāng)邏輯主語是單個有生命的單詞，用所有格

e.g.Mary’srefusingtocomeisoutofourexpectation.

Hissonwinningthefirstprize