考研考博-英語-云南交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.問答題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生了什么影響？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（隨著歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)過來，并開始實(shí)施緊縮計劃以減少進(jìn)口，20世紀(jì)20年代對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降了；結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格急劇下降），因此答案為Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格急劇下降）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，是什么惡化了20世紀(jì)30年代美國農(nóng)民的財政狀況？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（從1929年開始并延續(xù)到1939年的大蕭條使這些發(fā)展更加惡化），由此可知答案為GreatDepression（經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條）。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)委員會成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的第一個國家性的承諾），由此可知答案為Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性）。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案中有什么提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格的計劃？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長權(quán)力，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議減少產(chǎn)量，這些農(nóng)民得到報酬，不再使用他們的土地；故意的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價格而計劃的），由此可知，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議，給予農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼減少土地使用權(quán)，降低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量可以提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格；即縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此答案為Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓勵農(nóng)民縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律是違反憲法的，因?yàn)槿竦亩愂斩急挥脕頌橐粋€特殊群體服務(wù)），由此可知，《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲是因?yàn)樗該p害別人的利益來使農(nóng)民受益；故答案為Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（這項(xiàng)法律以損害他人利益為代價使農(nóng)民受益）。

2.單選題

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析sustain。意為“維持，保持”，符合句意。

3.單選題

Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa/an（21）foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,itfulfilsavarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.

Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe（22）ofleisure:thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.（23）bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectlyidentifythemselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedabouttheprevalenceofviolenceinthemediaandits（24）harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia（25）,suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,alongwithtelevision,（26）publicconcernandresearchattention.

Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration（27）bythemedia,isbodyimage.（28）forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.Forone,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketingimpactourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof（29）beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,beamfromourtelevisionsandentertainusatthemovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmediaplayonacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha（30）definedstandardofattractiveness,anidealthatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternative

B.preference

C.substitute

D.representative

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.risk

B.mercy

C.height

D.expense

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Absorbed

B.Attracted

C.Aroused

D.Addicted

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disposed

B.seeming

C.implicit

D.potential

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.emerged

C.immerged

D.submerged

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.promote

B.propel

C.prompt

D.prosper

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.imposed

C.delivered

D.contributed

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.External

B.Exterior

C.Explicit

D.Exposed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.generalized

B.regularize

C.standardized

D.categorized

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.barely

B.carefully

C.narrowly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中擇一，可供替代的選擇”；B選項(xiàng)preference與介詞for搭配時意為“對……的偏愛，愛好”；C選項(xiàng)substitute“替代品，代替品”，常與介詞for連用；D選項(xiàng)representative“代表，典型”，一般指人。句意：大眾傳媒作為一些機(jī)構(gòu)和社會關(guān)系的（），影響著我們年輕人的生活。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應(yīng)填最能體現(xiàn)大眾傳媒和一些機(jī)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系的名詞，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“attheriskof（冒……的危險）”；B選項(xiàng)“atthemercyof（受……支配）”；C選項(xiàng)“attheheight（在……的最盛時，在……的高潮中）”；D選項(xiàng)“attheexpenseof（以……為代價）”。句意：花在電視屏幕前的時間通常是以休閑為（）的：用于游戲、娛樂和休息的時間更少了。根據(jù)句意可知后半句是前半句的補(bǔ)充說明，所以D選項(xiàng)更符合句意，意為“花在電視屏幕前的時間通常是以休閑為代價的……”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb常與介詞in搭配，表示“注意力集中于，被……吸引”；B選項(xiàng)attract常和介詞by搭配，意為“被……吸引，對……感興趣”；C選項(xiàng)arouse“使行動起來，激發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)addict常與介詞to搭配動詞，意為“使入迷，使成癮”。句意：孩子們被屏幕上發(fā)生的事情（），不僅模仿他們所看到的，而且直接把自己和不同的人物聯(lián)系起來?？崭裉幨沁^去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，因此填入的分詞要和后面的介詞by搭配，而且要符合上下文意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”；B選項(xiàng)seeming“表面上的，看似的”；C選項(xiàng)implicit“（語言上）含蓄的，暗示的”；D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的，可能的”，指將來可能形成的。句意：美國人關(guān)注媒體中暴力的流行及其對兒童和青少年的（）危害至少有40年了。由上下文中的“concernabout（關(guān)注）”和“foratleastfortyyears（至少40年了）”可知，人們擔(dān)憂的是一種潛在的危害。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)merge“結(jié)合，融合”；B選項(xiàng)emerge“出現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)immerge“浸入，隱沒”；D選項(xiàng)submerge“淹沒，完全掩蓋”。句意：這一時期，電子游戲、有線電視、音樂視頻、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新媒體不斷（）。media的修飾詞是new，因此空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)“出現(xiàn)”的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)，推動”；B選項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)，促使”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“促使，導(dǎo)致，激起”；D選項(xiàng)prosper“（使）繁榮，昌盛”。句意：隨著它們的不斷普及，這些媒體和電視一起，引起了公眾的關(guān)注和研究的注意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspired“激發(fā)，鼓舞”；B選項(xiàng)imposed“迫使，把……強(qiáng)加于”；C選項(xiàng)delivered“遞送，發(fā)表，履行諾言，移交”；D選項(xiàng)contributed“有助于，促成”。句意：媒體對我們年輕一代施加的另一個社會關(guān)注是身體形象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)external“外界的，外來的，指與其他物體分離或沒有關(guān)系的外部，不涉及內(nèi)容”；B選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的，外表的，外面的，強(qiáng)調(diào)位于事物的外表以上，但仍是該事物的一部分”；C選項(xiàng)explicit“清楚明白的，直截了當(dāng)?shù)摹?；D選項(xiàng)exposed“遮蔽的，無保護(hù)的（常用來修飾地方或人）”。句意：外部力量可以正面或負(fù)面地影響身體形象。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generalized“廣義的，普遍的，無顯著特點(diǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)regularized“使有規(guī)律的，使正規(guī)化”；C選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”；D選項(xiàng)categorized“分類的”。句意：在大眾媒體中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美女形象充斥著雜志和報紙，從電視中出現(xiàn)，在電影中為我們帶來歡樂。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)barely“僅僅，勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不”；B選項(xiàng)carefully“小心地”；C選項(xiàng)narrowly“狹隘地，狹窄的，勉強(qiáng)地”；D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地，臆想地”。句意：年輕人面對的是一個狹隘的吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一個帶有不切實(shí)際的生理期望的理想。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。通過句意可知，Alex不是特別友好，他總將自己與其他人隔離開來。A選項(xiàng)為“障礙；分界線”；B選項(xiàng)為“基礎(chǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)為“邊界；邊緣”；D選項(xiàng)為“尺度；測量”。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

WhenAmericanAstronautGlenreturnedtotheearthandheartywelcome____him,hewasconsideredtobeanationalhero.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waitedfor

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.awaited

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.waitedfor等候B.anticipated預(yù)料

C.expected期待D.awaited等候；將發(fā)生在某人身上

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析與主謂搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“熱忱的歡迎”，前文提到“美國宇航員Glen回到地球”，由此可知，該句表達(dá)的是Glen回到地球會受到熱烈的歡迎。D選項(xiàng)awaited“等候；將發(fā)生在某人身上”常與主語welcome搭配使用，heartywelcomeawaitedhim表示熱烈的歡迎發(fā)生在他身上，即他受到熱烈的歡迎。因此，本題最佳答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)waitedfor“等候”，其主語通常是人，heartywelcome常與await搭配使用；

B選項(xiàng)anticipated“預(yù)料”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)expected“期待”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】當(dāng)美國宇航員Glen返回地球并受到熱烈歡迎時，他被認(rèn)為是民族英雄。

6.單選題

Whentheenginedidnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】atfault為固定搭配，意為“出毛病,有故障”。句意：當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)不啟動時，機(jī)修工檢查了所有的部件以找出故障所在。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Youdon’thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it’san（

）extra.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，過分的，額外的”；B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的，隨意的”；C選項(xiàng)additional“另外的，附加的，額外的”；D選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，獨(dú)裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新車上安裝收音機(jī)，它是可選的配件。結(jié)合此處語義，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theoldbeliefthattheuniverseneverchangesisquitewrong.Evenbeforetheinventionofthetelescope,astronomersnoticedthatbrightstarssuddenlyappearinthesky，andthenlaterdisappear.（1）Infactwenowknowthattheyarereallyoldstarswhichareslowlydying.Arecentcaseofanovaoccurredin1918，andoneofthefewpeoplewhosawthiswastheAmericanastronomerEdwardBarnard.Hewasdrivingalonginacar,occasionallylookingupintothesky.Suddenlyhenoticedastarthathehadneverseenbefore,andexclaimed,“Thatstarshouldnotbethere!”Hewasinfactwatchingtheexplosionofanova.

（2）Astheydoso,theyletouthugecloudsofmaterial.Sometimesaslargeastheearth,andtheseexplodeintospaceataspeedofabout8，000,000kilometersperhour.Whenthishappens,thehotterpartsofthestarbecomevisible,andthisiswhynovaearesobright.Althoughtheexplosionsarehugeonahumanscale,theyonlyconsumeasmallpartofthedyingstar’senergy.（3）Indeed,thereareevensomestarswhichexplodeonceafortnight.

Thereareotheroldstarswhichdonotdieslowly,butarecompletelydestroyedbyonegreatexplosion.（4）Theexplosionofasupernovaisequivalenttoaboutamillion,million,million,millionhydrogenbombsgoingoffatthesametime.Justbeforetheexplosionthestar’sdensitybecomeverygreatanditspinsataveryhighspeed.Amatchboxofmaterialtakenfromthestaratthattimewouldweighabout1,000tons,andthestarwouldbeturningatabout16,000,000kilometersperhour.（5）OnesupernovawhichChineseastronomersobservedin1054canstillbeseenbyustoday.Ithasbeenshiningforatleastninehundredyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】（1）空格處后面一句話有兩個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是infact,”實(shí)際上”的意思，表示與前文（空格處所填入的句子）是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；另一個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是old的這個詞，既然前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么空格處會有一個與old相反的表述。綜上，Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.符合題意。

（2）空格處位于句首，因此可以考慮是一個主題句，即后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個句子展開。因此需要把握整段文字的主要內(nèi)容：講述了一顆新星慢慢衰落的過程，因此Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying符合題意。

（3）空格處前面講述了恒星爆炸，空格處后一句講述的是”甚至有些恒星會每兩周爆炸一次”，言下之意是有些恒星的爆炸并不是只有一次，可能會延續(xù)很長時間，因此Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.符合題意。

（4）空格后的句子提到了一個關(guān)鍵詞supernova，因此，空格處需要將這個概念引出來。再聯(lián)系空格前一句中的otheroldstars可知Theyareknownas“supernovae.”符合題意。

（5）空格后的句子提到”中國天文學(xué)家在1054年觀測到的一顆超新星至今仍可看見”，這個例子說明超新星爆炸后仍然可以長時間發(fā)光，因此Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.符合題意。

9.單選題

Iwasimpressed（）theefficiencyoftheworkdoneinthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.about

C.with

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beimpressedwithsth“對…印象深刻”。句意：該公司的工作效率給我留下了深刻的印象。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Governor(州長)PatersonandMayorBloombergagreeonatleastonething—thatthetoppriorityforrebuildingGroundZeroisthecreationofamemorial,whichcouldbebuiltbythe10thanniversaryofSeptember11Attack.

“Imentionedthattothemayor,andheagreedwholeheartedly,”Patersonsaidafterahalf-hourCityHallmeetingwithBloomberg.“Iwantedhimtoknowthatifwecanagree,we’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen.WewillbegoinginadirectionthatIthinkallNewYorkerswouldbeproudof.”ThegovernorsaidthatwhilethePATHstationandthecommercialprojectsplannedforthecitywerealsoimportant,finishingthememorialwillsendapowerfulmessagetothepeopleofNewYork.“Ijustexpressedtothemayor,andheexpressedthesamethingtomethatithasalottodowiththemorale(士氣，民心)ofthecity,”Patersonsaid.

Earlier,onhisweeklyradioshow,themayorchairedtheNationalSeptember11Memorial&MuseumattheWorldTradeCenter,whichraisedthe$350millionnecessaryforbuildingthecomplexandisnowraisingmoneyforamuseumendowment(捐贈).Fifteenrelativesof9/11victimswrotealetterlastweekcallingforfasterprogress,saying,“Wehopethatyouensureeverythingpossibleisdonesothatwecanshareabeautifulandinspiringmemorialwiththeworldon9/11.”

1.PatersonandBloombergagreedthatthecreationofamemorialwillbebuiltin______.

2.“We’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen”means______.

3.Themayorchaired“theNationalSeptember11Memorial&Museum”inthistextreferstoa______.

4.WhatdidthemayordotorespondPaterson?

5.Thetitleofthetextwouldbe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.2011

B.2008

C.2010

D.2009

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bothofourgroupswouldworkhardtoaccomplishthebuilding

B.youandIwouldworkhardtopromoteit

C.wewouldworkcontinuallywithoutastop

D.bothofuswouldworkhardsothatitcouldhappen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.meetingheldattheWorldTradeCenter

B.certaindateonwhichameetingwillbeheld

C.buildingwhichwouldbebuilt

D.locationintheWorldTradeCenter

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heheldameetingforanendowmentofthebuilding.

B.Heheldameetingtodemandmoney.

C.Hegavearadioshowonweekend.

D.HeheldameetingattheWorldTradeCenter.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.amemorialoftheWorldTradeCenteriscrucial

B.raisingmoneyisurgentforrebuildingGroundZero

C.anegotiationbetweenthegovernorandthemayor

D.animportantdecisionbythegovernorandthemayor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可定位到第一段，段尾補(bǔ)充說明時間“whichcouldbebuiltbythe10thanniversaryofSeptember11Attack”（在9?11恐怖襲擊十周年前建成），而9?11事件發(fā)生在2001年，因此十周年即2011年，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測題。本句的“we”是指Governor和Mayor，結(jié)合上下文，此處是指Governor和Mayor達(dá)成了一致，即雙方協(xié)力促成這個紀(jì)念碑的建成，因此B選項(xiàng)“你和我將努力推動它”正確；這兩人不可能直接參與accomplishthebuilding的工作，A選項(xiàng)“我們兩個團(tuán)隊都將努力工作來完成這個建筑”可排除；C選項(xiàng)“我們將不停地工作”不符合此處語境，本段中并非強(qiáng)調(diào)一直不停工作，可排除；D選項(xiàng)“我們倆都要努力工作，這樣它才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，這個句子中出現(xiàn)了一個sothat，說明“建成紀(jì)念碑”這件事非得雙方共同努力才可以，但是原文中體現(xiàn)的是“ifwecanagree,we’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen”，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)合力促成紀(jì)念碑建成，而非指形成一個建成紀(jì)念碑的唯一條件，D選項(xiàng)可排除。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第三段第一句，在關(guān)鍵詞后有一個修飾從句“whichraisedthe$350millionnecessaryforbuildingthecomplexandisnowraisingmoneyforamuseumendowment”（籌集了3.5億美元建設(shè)建筑樓的必要資金，現(xiàn)在又在為博物館募捐），可知這是一個募捐活動，這個活動是為籌集資金用，句中的“attheWorldTradeCenter”說明活動舉辦點(diǎn)正在世貿(mào)中心，A選項(xiàng)“在世界貿(mào)易中心舉行的會議”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“date”（日期）、C選項(xiàng)“building”（建筑）、D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocation”（位置）均不符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本題問的是市長的回應(yīng)，在第三段中有具體描述。結(jié)合上題，由第一句可知，市長召開了會議來為這個建筑募集資金，因此A選項(xiàng)“他召開了一次會議，要求為這座建筑物捐贈資金”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他召開會議要錢”中的demand“要求；逼問”與文中的raise“籌集”詞義不符合，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“他周末在電臺主持節(jié)目”與D選項(xiàng)“他在世界貿(mào)易中心召開了一次會議”并未表現(xiàn)出對于Governor的提議與說法的針對性舉措，因此可排除。

5.主旨大意題。本文第一段說到，州長和市長兩人就紀(jì)念碑一事達(dá)成一致；第二段引用了州長的一些言論，表明建成紀(jì)念碑將大大鼓舞紐約市民的士氣；第三段講述了市長籌集資金的舉措，也提到遇難者家屬期盼建成紀(jì)念碑。全文由州長和市長兩人的洽談?wù)归_，講述的核心在于兩人達(dá)成一致，共同促進(jìn)紀(jì)念碑的建成，因此D選項(xiàng)“州長和市長做出的重要決定”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“世貿(mào)中心的紀(jì)念碑至關(guān)重要”出現(xiàn)在第二段，B選項(xiàng)“為重建原爆點(diǎn)籌集資金是當(dāng)務(wù)之急”出現(xiàn)在第三段，C選項(xiàng)“州長和市長之間的談判”出現(xiàn)在第一段，均屬于以偏概全。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應(yīng)環(huán)境的根本事實(shí)是，所有的動物和植物都有一定的能力來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。A選項(xiàng)“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C選項(xiàng)“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項(xiàng)“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應(yīng)人為誘導(dǎo)的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導(dǎo)的變化。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需要四個選項(xiàng)逐個分析。A選項(xiàng)“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應(yīng)”，原文是適應(yīng)與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動植物的相似處與不同處進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，術(shù)語的內(nèi)涵可能會發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項(xiàng)“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學(xué)家和生理學(xué)家本質(zhì)上研究的是相同的東西”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，讓我們把適應(yīng)性定義為一個生物體或生物體的一部分逐漸適應(yīng)一個通常不適合它或?qū)λ鼇碚f是致命的環(huán)境的過程。由此可知，適應(yīng)也包括負(fù)面的適應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“issimilartoadaptation”，意為“類似于適應(yīng)”，與原文相反，adaptation與acclimatization是兩個概念；B選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意為“現(xiàn)在比以前更重要”，原文并未將過去與現(xiàn)在的重要性進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意為“包括積極和消極的適應(yīng)”與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意為“可能與一個生物體的一部分有關(guān)，但與整個生物體無關(guān)”，與原文不符，原文是生物體或生物體的一部分，因此與整個生物體有關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，感官做出相對迅速的調(diào)整不屬于acclimatization。A選項(xiàng)“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意為“一條被放在湖里的海魚”，B選項(xiàng)“askindivermakingadeepdive”意為“深潛的赤身潛水員”，C選項(xiàng)“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意為“進(jìn)行高空飛行的飛行員”，都屬于相對緩慢的適應(yīng)過程，因此屬于acclimatization。D選項(xiàng)“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意為“一個人從有日光的房間進(jìn)入昏黑的房間”，此時我們的眼睛也就是視覺器官會立刻做出反應(yīng)，所以這不屬于acclimatization。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，總的來說，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個相對緩慢的過程。這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是個相對緩慢的過程，而適應(yīng)是個相對快速的過程。A選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意為“比適應(yīng)更重要”，原文未將兩者的重要性進(jìn)行比較；B選項(xiàng)“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意為“相對緩慢，適應(yīng)相對快速”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意為“適用于調(diào)整，而適應(yīng)不適用于調(diào)整”，與原文不符，適應(yīng)也適用于調(diào)整，如感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整；D選項(xiàng)“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意為“適用于所有動物和植物，適應(yīng)只用于高等動物和人”，原文沒有后半句的相關(guān)表述。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Mycatisafussyeater,butmydogisso（）thatshe’llswallowdownanythingthatisputinfrontofher.