考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)地”。句意：兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的科學(xué)家?guī)缀跬瑫r(shí)發(fā)明了相同的東西，這讓政府部門很難決定將專利權(quán)授予誰(shuí)。由后半句句意可知只有B項(xiàng)符合句意，即只有這兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的科學(xué)家同時(shí)發(fā)明了相同的東西時(shí)，政府才會(huì)難以抉擇。答案B

2.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國(guó)兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對(duì)心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問(wèn)題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說(shuō)，隨著人類的壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來(lái)越重要。

他告訴記者：“對(duì)身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說(shuō)：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡(jiǎn)單的環(huán)境因素，對(duì)那些50歲以上的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會(huì)更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

3.單選題

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞obediently意為“順從地；服從地；忠順地”；A選項(xiàng)“currently”意為“當(dāng)前；一般地”；B選項(xiàng)“intricately”意為“雜亂地；復(fù)雜地”；C選項(xiàng)“dutifully”意為“忠實(shí)地；盡責(zé)地，忠誠(chéng)地”；D選項(xiàng)“distinctly”意為“明顯地；無(wú)疑地，確實(shí)地”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)剀婈?duì)的責(zé)任之一是確保所有船只在繁忙的港口順從地遵守交通規(guī)則。由題干可知，followtrafficsrules（遵守交通規(guī)則），所以軍隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該是確保船只忠實(shí)、順從地遵循交通規(guī)則，以免出現(xiàn)混亂。由此可知，obediently在此處最可能是“順從地”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dutifully具有“忠實(shí)地”的意思，與此相近。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Schoolstartedona（

）colddayinFebruary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞、副詞詞義辨析。severe“嚴(yán)厲的”；bitter“嚴(yán)寒刺骨地”；such“這樣的”；frozen“凍結(jié)的”。句意：在二月份極度寒冷的一天開學(xué)了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.填空題

Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen（1）to“tellingitlikeitis,”“or“l(fā)ettingitallhangout.”Myimpressionisthatthisoverzealousdevotiontospeakingone’smindhasmoreoftenledtohurtfeelingsandruinedrelationshipsthantogreatjoyandfulfillment.

Ithinkwegenerallyagreethatneverexpressingrealfeelingsandrepressingallless-than-lovelythoughtsabouteachother

（2）

leadstoconstructivecommunication.It’sagreatrelieftoallowourselvestheluxuryofacknowledgingourhumanfrailtiesandpursuingmorehonestrelationshipswithothers.Butweneedtostrikea

（3）

betweentellingitallandtellingnothing.

RecentlyIreceivedaletterfromamotherwhohadbeenpersuadedbyhertroubledtwenty-five-year-oldsontoattendaweekendmarathonwithhim.Underpressurefromthegroup,herdefensescollapsedandsheheardherselftellinghersonforthefirsttimethathehadbeenanaccident—thatshehadn’tbeenplanningtohaveachild.Hein

（4）

toldherthathecouldn’trecallasingledayinhischildhoodthathe’dbeenhappy.

“Atthattime,”thiswomanwrote，“itseemedhelpful.Wecriedandwemade

（5）

;Ithoughttellingthetruthhadbeengoodforus.Butthetroubleis,itwasn’tthewholetruth.BythetimeTommywasbornIdidwanthim,andat

（6）

hewashappy.Eversincethatday,we’vebothbeenhauntedbysometerriblefeelingsweshared.”ImustadmitthatI’vecometotheconclusionthatsomethingsarebetterleftunsaid.Honestyisafinepolicyas

（7）

asweknowwhatthetruthreallyis—butmostofthetimewedon’t.It’safinegoaltoencouragechildrentoexpresstheirrealfeelings.Andmanymarriageshavebeensavedbyanopenconfrontationofdeepandpainfulmisunderstandings.Butweneedanewsenseofbalance.Disclosureisnotapanaceaforeveryproblem

（8）

evenanendinitself.It’susefulandfreeingundersomecircumstancesandterriblyhurtfulanddamagingunderothers.

It’sagoodidea,Ithink,to

（9）

yourtonguefortenorfifteenminutesbeforesayingwhat’s

（10）

yourmind.Trytodecidewhetherit’sgoingtoopenupnewandbetteravenuesofcommunicationorleavewoundsthatmayneverheal.

【答案】1.考查固定搭配。attention一般與give相搭配，此處表示被動(dòng)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)given。

試題答案：given

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處表示從不表達(dá)真實(shí)的感情很取得有效的溝通，故用否定形式hardly，意為“幾乎不”。

試題答案：hardly

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此句意為：但我們需要在說(shuō)出這一切和什么都不說(shuō)之間取得平衡。strikeabalance意為“達(dá)成平衡，調(diào)和折衷”。

試題答案：balance

4.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)”。

試題答案：turn

5.考查固定搭配。makeup意為“和解，和好”。

試題答案：up

6.考查固定搭配。attimes意為“有時(shí)”。

試題答案：times

7.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：long

8.考查固定搭配。nor意為“也不”，not...nor意為“不……也不”，表示否定兩者。

試題答案：nor

9.考查固定搭配。biteone’stongue意為“忍住不說(shuō)話”。

試題答案：bite

10.考查固定搭配。onone’smind意為“使人擔(dān)心，惦記”。

試題答案：on

6.單選題

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，處方特權(quán)會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。”可知一些心理醫(yī)生更希望獲得處方權(quán)是因?yàn)檫@能給他們帶來(lái)更多的錢財(cái)報(bào)酬。之后作者用數(shù)據(jù)論證該論點(diǎn)。答案C

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題?！癐fpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理學(xué)家開始開藥，許多尋求替代治療的患者可能會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)工作者或其他非醫(yī)療治療師?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.當(dāng)人們選擇精神藥物學(xué)治療時(shí)，護(hù)理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更清晰，身體傷害的可能性更大，從而使原告更容易證明他們的指控。根據(jù)各州的情況，精神科醫(yī)療事故的發(fā)生率比精神科醫(yī)療事故的覆蓋率高24倍?！笨芍?dāng)心理學(xué)家獲得處方權(quán)，即成為精神藥物學(xué)家時(shí)，醫(yī)療事故的指控會(huì)增多，因?yàn)槿藗兏菀渍业接捎谧o(hù)理不當(dāng)對(duì)身體造成的傷害的控訴證據(jù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段提到了如果心理醫(yī)生獲得開處方的權(quán)利，那么將會(huì)對(duì)這種職業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響，并且指出大部分人喜歡傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，而非藥物治療。第三段提到了藥物治療的好處，最后一段提到了藥物治療的弊端即造成醫(yī)療事故的控訴不斷增多。故作者認(rèn)為藥物治療是存在爭(zhēng)議的。B項(xiàng)正確。ACD三項(xiàng)在文中都未提及。

7.單選題

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經(jīng)常幾天吃不到肉,說(shuō)明這些動(dòng)物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明人類進(jìn)入了文明社會(huì),所以選項(xiàng)D不正確；農(nóng)業(yè)本身并沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè),人類不可能在一個(gè)地方定居足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)建立一個(gè)永久的家園。也就是說(shuō),有了農(nóng)業(yè),人不必再過(guò)游牧生活。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C和D是文中已知的信息；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,人們從他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中掌握了種植農(nóng)作物的方法。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當(dāng)某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應(yīng)被耗盡時(shí),整個(gè)部落被迫遷移到一個(gè)新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學(xué)家不確定人類何時(shí)或如何學(xué)會(huì)耕種。他們認(rèn)為這可能是偶然觀察的結(jié)果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測(cè),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

8.單選題

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格處應(yīng)該是做修飾的成分。A項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)，表示“按照……”，B項(xiàng)本身不符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；C項(xiàng)不應(yīng)再出現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was；D項(xiàng)that在引導(dǎo)一個(gè)缺成分的從句，不符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：托馬斯?潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不諱地說(shuō)出他所理解的真相。故正確答案為A。

9.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)species“物種”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣品，標(biāo)本”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜”；D選項(xiàng)sample“樣本”。句意：游客說(shuō)這種動(dòng)物是他以前從未見過(guò)的物種。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.填空題

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥那耙痪浣忉屃耸裁词峭ㄘ浥蛎洠合M(fèi)需求增加，物價(jià)上漲，從而貨幣貶值。用同樣的錢買到的東西比以前要少，所以空格處填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介詞in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人員指望不上收入能夠隨著物價(jià)上漲而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“滿足某人的需要”，老年人在通貨膨脹的時(shí)代無(wú)法讓自己的收入來(lái)滿足自己的需求。

5.考查動(dòng)詞用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥那耙痪渚湟馐牵涸S多退休人員為了跟上上漲的物價(jià)，必須要縮減自己的開支。由此可知他們放棄了很多需要購(gòu)買的東西，buying符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通貨膨脹，導(dǎo)致了生活開支水平下降。

7.考查前后邏輯。全文一直提到物價(jià)上漲，空格處需要填寫的也是一個(gè)表示物價(jià)增長(zhǎng)的詞，rising符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等數(shù)量的”。

9.考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾priceindexes（價(jià)格指數(shù)），which符合題意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成為可能”。

11.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動(dòng))insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬(wàn)種不同的動(dòng)物中，人類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了與大量的動(dòng)物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動(dòng)物關(guān)系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項(xiàng)“人與許多動(dòng)物建立了密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項(xiàng)“除非被馴化，否則動(dòng)物是無(wú)用的”和C選項(xiàng)“世界上有成千上萬(wàn)種動(dòng)物”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會(huì)服從主人，C選項(xiàng)“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項(xiàng)“尋找食物”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動(dòng)物不會(huì)表達(dá)明確的要求，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來(lái)喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動(dòng)物看起來(lái)無(wú)精打采。），可知缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)不會(huì)讓動(dòng)物馬上病倒，而是沒(méi)有精神。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說(shuō)明狗對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力很強(qiáng)，但不能說(shuō)明它們是最強(qiáng)壯的狗，A選項(xiàng)“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的適應(yīng)能力”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強(qiáng)壯的品種”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“他們可以充當(dāng)人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護(hù)，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對(duì)應(yīng)朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當(dāng)進(jìn)食。），隨后具體地說(shuō)明如何適當(dāng)進(jìn)食，D選項(xiàng)“注意適當(dāng)喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不允許它進(jìn)行過(guò)量的運(yùn)動(dòng)”：文中沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動(dòng)物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國(guó)家有組織免費(fèi)或低價(jià)提供。），可知這主要是針對(duì)治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來(lái)照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動(dòng)物值得為它們的健康花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費(fèi)一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，綜合來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)“家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。D選項(xiàng)“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】參考譯文：

一個(gè)人的存在應(yīng)該像一條河流——開始是涓涓細(xì)流，被限制在狹窄的河岸之間，然后熱情奔放地沖過(guò)巖石，越過(guò)瀑布。漸漸地，河面變寬了，河岸也遠(yuǎn)去，河水流動(dòng)得更加平靜。最后，它沒(méi)有間斷地融入了大海，而后便毫無(wú)痛苦地消失了自我。能夠這樣理解自己一生的老人，就不會(huì)因害怕死亡而痛苦，因?yàn)樗鋹鄣囊磺卸紩?huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。而且，隨著精力的衰退，倦意的增加，長(zhǎng)眠的想法并不是不受歡迎的。我希望死于尚能勞作之時(shí)，知道別人會(huì)繼續(xù)我未竟的事業(yè)，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到滿足。

13.寫作題

Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakesomecoursesoutsidehisorherfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Universityissuchaplacewhereonecangetknowledgeneededinlife.Afterenteringuniversity,everystudentisaskedtochooseaspecificmajor,andthenstudycourseswithintherestrictedfield.However,ifastudentwantstobetrulyeducated,heshouldtakesomecoursesoutsidehisfieldofstudyforacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducat