考研考博-英語-華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel，Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves，achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationownerslittlecreditfortheseachievements.Rather,GutmanarguesthatonemustlooktotheBlackfamilyandtheslaves’extendedkinshipsystemtounderstandhowcrucialachievements,suchasthemaintenanceofaculturalheritageandthedevelopmentofacommunalconsciousness,werepossible.Hisfindingscompelattention.

Gutmanrecreatesthefamilyandextendedkinshipstructuremainlythroughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata,derivedinthiscasemostlyfromplantationbirthregisters.Healsousesaccountsofex-slavestoprobethehumanrealitybehindhisstatistics.Thesesourcesindicatethatthetwo-parenthouseholdpredominatedinslavequartersjustasitdidamongfreedslavesafteremancipation.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,revealedmostclearlyonplantationswheresalewasinfrequent,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.InlessconclusivefashionFogel,Engerman,andGenovesehadalreadyindicatedthepredominanceoftwo-parenthouseholds;however,onlyGutmanemphasizesthepreferenceforstablemonogamyandpointsoutwhatstablemonogamymeantfortheslaves’culturalheritage.GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof—andsowascrucialinsustaining—theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.

Gutman’sexaminationofotherfacetsofkinshipalsoproducesimportantfindings.Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriage,which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.Thistabooagainstcousins’marryingisimportant,arguesGutman,becauseitisoneofmanyindicationsofastrongawarenessamongslavesofanextendedkinshipnetwork.Thefactthatdistantlyrelatedkinwouldcareforchildrenseparatedfromtheirfamiliesalsosuggeststhisawareness.Whenbloodrelationshipswerefew,asinnewlycreatedplantationsintheSouthwest,“fictive”kinshiparrangementstooktheirplaceuntilanewpatternofconsanguinitydeveloped.Gutmanpresentsconvincingevidencethatthisextendedkinshipstructure—whichhebelievesdevelopedbythemid-to-lateeighteenthcentury—providedthefoundationsforthestrongcommunalconsciousnessthatexistedamongslaves.

Insum,Gutman’sstudyissignificantbecauseitoffersacloselyreasonedandoriginalexplanationofsomeoftheslaves’achievements，onethatcorrectlyemphasizestheresourcesthatslavesthemselvespossessed.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheresourcesthathistoriansoughttousewouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheformationoftheBlackheritageoffolklore,music，andreligiousexpressionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemarriagepracticesofplantationownersduringtheperiodofBlackslaveintheUnitedStatescanmostlogicallybeinferredfromtheinformationinthepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassagebasedonitscontent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Historiansoughttomakeuseofwrittenratherthanoralaccounts.

B.Historiansshouldrelyprimarilyonbirthregisters.

C.Historiansshouldrelyexclusivelyondatathatcanbequantified.

D.Historiansoughttomakeuseofdatathatcanbequantified.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theheritagewasformedprimarilyoutoftheexperiencesofthoseslaveswhoattemptedtopreservethestabilityoftheirfamilies.

B.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperienceofthoseslaveswhomarriedtheircousins.

C.TheheritagewasformedmoreoutoftheAfricanthanoutoftheAmericanexperiencesofslaves.

D.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperiencesofonlyasinglegenerationofslaves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesepracticesbegantoaltersometimearoundthemid-eighteenthcentury.

B.Thesepracticesvariedmarkedlyfromoneregionofthecountrytoanother.

C.Plantationownersusuallybasedtheirchoiceofmarriagepartnersoneconomicconsiderations.

D.Plantationownersoftenmarriedtheircousins.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussedareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis，drawsonworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis.

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument.

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy，describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheinfluenceofHerbertGutmanonHistoriansofSlaveryintheUnitedStates.

B.Gutman’sExplanationofHowSlavesCouldMaintainaCulturalHeritageandDevelopaCommunalConsciousness.

C.SlaveryintheUnitedStates:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject.

D.TheBlackHeritageofFolklore,Music,andReligiousExpression:ItsGrowingInfluence.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句,“…throughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata…”，可知Gutman主要通過靈活使用任何歷史學(xué)家都應(yīng)該利用的可量化數(shù)據(jù)重現(xiàn)黑人家庭和擴(kuò)展的親屬結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“…theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother…”，可知黑人遺產(chǎn)代代相傳，如民俗、音樂和宗教，所以這些遺產(chǎn)不是由一代奴隸的經(jīng)歷形成的，是代代相傳的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.”，可知Gutman發(fā)現(xiàn)，表親之間很少通婚，這是一種異族通婚的傾向，與種植園主實(shí)行的同族通婚形成了鮮明的對比?？赏茢喑鲛r(nóng)場主是主張同族通婚的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.主旨題。縱觀全文，第一段主要介紹了Gutman的主要觀點(diǎn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二段和第三段詳細(xì)介紹了他在黑人家庭和擴(kuò)展以及親屬關(guān)系等各方面的研究方法和過程，最后一段作了總結(jié)，指出Gutman的研究是意義重大的，因?yàn)樗鼘ζ渲幸恍┡`的成就提供了一個(gè)最嚴(yán)格的推理和原始的解釋。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，本文主要提到了Gutman提出黑人家族和奴隸的長期血統(tǒng)對維護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)和公共意識(shí)的發(fā)展帶來了成就和貢獻(xiàn)。所以本文的話題是黑人奴隸，并且總結(jié)表明，他的研究它對其中一些奴隸的成就提供了一個(gè)最嚴(yán)格的推理和原始的解釋。他的研究解釋了奴隸是如何保持文化遺產(chǎn)和發(fā)展集體意識(shí)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Amplifierssuchasthoseincomputersandsoundreproducingsystemsareresponsiblefor______anerraticinputsignal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strengthening

B.tostrengthen

C.strengthen

D.beingstrengthened

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞賓語。介詞for后應(yīng)接名詞性成份。A是動(dòng)名詞，可作介詞賓語。D是其被動(dòng)形式，與句意不合；C、D為動(dòng)詞形式。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)和音響系統(tǒng)中的放大器是用來強(qiáng)化輸入的不穩(wěn)定信號(hào)。因此只有A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theteacherwasinaragewithhim,forhishandwritinginthecompositionwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illegible

B.incomprehensible

C.inaudible

D.decipherable

【答案】A

【解析】illegible難以辨認(rèn)的,字跡潦草的；incomprehensible費(fèi)解的,不可思議的；inaudible聽不見的；decipherable可辨認(rèn)的,可解密的。句意：老師對他很生氣,因?yàn)樗淖魑淖舟E潦草。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

alargepartofhumanactivity,particularlyinrelationtotheenvironment,is_____conditionsorevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inresponseto

B.infavorof

C.incontrastto

D.inexcessof

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。inresponseto響應(yīng)，回答；infavorof有利于，支持，贊同；incontrastto與……形成對照；inexcessof超過。句意：人類活動(dòng)的很大一部分，特別是與環(huán)境有關(guān)的活動(dòng)，是對條件或事件的反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Thecompanyrecommendedthatanewpetrolstationbebuiltinthevalley.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suggested

B.ordered

C.demanded

D.insisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suggested“建議，推薦”；B選項(xiàng)ordered“命令，要求”；C選項(xiàng)demanded“要求，需求”；D選項(xiàng)insisted“堅(jiān)持”。句意：公司建議在山谷里建一個(gè)新的加油站。A選項(xiàng)與劃線詞詞義最近。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果一個(gè)人談及自己的缺點(diǎn)，那么他的聽眾就被期待說一些關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)的話。

考查名詞辨析。persuasion說服，勸說;remedy補(bǔ)救，治療;encouragement鼓勵(lì)；compromise妥協(xié)，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

7.單選題

（）intheirislandcommunity,thevarioustribesusedlanguageswhichbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother's.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Managed

B.Shrunk

C.Assumed

D.Isolated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。manage"經(jīng)營,管理";shrink"收縮,退縮";assume"假設(shè),猜想";isolate"使隔離,使孤立,使脫離"。句意：在與世隔絕的島上，各個(gè)部落使用的語言越來越相似。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

ThefamilyisthecenterofmosttraditionalAsians'lives.Manypeopleworryabouttheirfamilieswelfare,reputation,andhonor.Asianfamiliesareoften（1）,includingseveralgenerationsrelatedby（2）ormarriagelivinginthesamehome.An.Asianperson'smisdeedsarenotblamedjustontheindividualbutalsoonthefamily---includingthedead（3）.

TraditionalChinese,amongmanyotherAsians,respecttheireldersandfeeladeepsenseofduty（4）them.Childrenrepaytheirparents'（5）bybeingsuccessfulandsupportingtheminoldage.Thisisacceptedasa（6）partoflifeinChina.（7）,takingcareoftheagedparentsisoftenviewedasatremendous（8）intheUnitedStates,whereagingandfamilysupportarenot（9）highly.（10）,intheyouth-orientedUnitedStates,growingoldisseenasabadthing,andmanyoldpeopledonotreceiverespect.

Pilipinos,themostAmericanizedoftheAsians,are（11）extremelyfamily-oriented.Theyare（12）tohelpingtheirchildrenandwillsacrificegreatlyfortheirchildrentogetaneducation.（13）,thechildrenaredevotedtotheirparents,whooftenlivenearby.Grownchildrenwholeavethecountryforeconomicreasons（14）sendlargepartsoftheirincomehometotheirparents.

TheVietnamesefamily（15）peoplecurrently（16）aswellasthespiritsofthedeadandoftheas-yetunborn.Any（17）oractionsaredonefromfamilyconsiderations,notindividualdesires.People'sbehaviorisjudged（18）whetheritbringsshameorpridetothefamily.TheVietnamesedonotparticularlybelieveinself-reliance;inthisway,theyarethe（19）ofpeopleintheUnitedStates.ManyVietnamesethinkthattheiractionsinthislifewillinfluencetheir（20）intheirnextlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlarged

B.lengthened

C.expanded

D.extended

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.history

B.blood

C.interaction

D.bond

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ancestors

B.settlers

C.immigrant

D.pioneer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.for

C.toward

D.on

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sacrifices

B.sufferings

C.contributions

D.tributes

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.formal

B.natural

C.regular

D.peculiar

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.incomparison

B.incontrast

C.inaway

D.tothesameextent

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.relief

B.responsibility

C.burden

D.business

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.rewarded

B.complimented

C.regarded

D.honored

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.ofcourse

C.andyet

D.infact

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.further

C.still

D.only

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.dedicated

B.confined

C.corresponded

D.exposed

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.inexchange

B.inturn

C.invain

D.indebt

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.intentionally

C.typically

D.steadily

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.insistson

B.resiststo

C.persistsin

D.consistsof

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.lively

C.living

D.life

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.decisions

B.incidences

C.accidents

D.expedition

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.for

D.in

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.counterpart

B.competitor

C.opposite

D.opponent

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.station

B.state

C.stature

D.status

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。enlarged放大的，增大的；lengthened延長；expanded擴(kuò)充的，展開的；extended延伸的，擴(kuò)大的。根據(jù)空格后的“includingseveralgenerations”可知亞洲的家庭是向后擴(kuò)展延伸的。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。history歷史；blood血液；interaction相互作用；bond紐帶。該句指亞洲家庭通常是往后延伸的，包括由血緣關(guān)系或婚姻關(guān)系而來的住在一起的幾代人。由marriage可推測該空填blood。

3.考查名詞辨析。ancestor祖先；settler移居者；immigrant移民者；pioneer先鋒。由dead可知這里指逝去的其他家庭成員即祖先。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查介詞辨析。對…的責(zé)任感，adutytowardsb.故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。sacrifice犧牲；suffering遭遇，痛苦；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；tribute禮物，頌詞。由空前的repaytheirparents'可知中國子女回報(bào)他們父母為他們所作出的犧牲。故A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。formal正式的；natural自然的；regular有規(guī)律的，定期的；peculiar特殊的，獨(dú)特的。子女贍養(yǎng)父母在中國是一件是自然的事情。故B項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由下文可知，在美國變老是一件壞事，許多老人得不到尊重。這種情況與中國相反。故B項(xiàng)正確。

8.由上題確定的基調(diào)可知，在美國，照顧年老的父母被子女看作一個(gè)巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。relief信仰；responsibility責(zé)任；burden負(fù)擔(dān)；business商業(yè)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。reward報(bào)酬；compliment恭維，稱贊；regard看作；honor尊敬，給…以榮譽(yù)。接上一題的句意可知，美國人對于老年人和家庭支持方面不重視。故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.由后半句可知“在以年輕人居多的美國，變老是一件壞事，許多老人得不到尊重?！边@是在描述事實(shí)，故用infact。

11.考查連詞。由“菲律賓人是最美國化的亞洲人”及空后的extremelyfamily-oriented可知盡管菲律賓人被美國化了，但仍然是亞洲人，他們?nèi)匀灰约彝閷?dǎo)向。故用still。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。bededicatedto致力于，奉獻(xiàn)；由andwillsacrificegreatly可推知該句句意為：菲律賓父母會(huì)致力于幫助他們的孩子，并且為孩子們能接受教育做出巨大犧牲。

13.上文提到父母盡力幫助孩子，而空后的句意是孩子會(huì)盡力幫助住在附近的父母。因此這句表明孩子會(huì)反過來幫助父母。故用inturn.

14.考查副詞。occasionally偶爾；intentionally故意地；typically代表性地，作為特色地；steadily穩(wěn)定地，穩(wěn)固地。句意：為了經(jīng)濟(jì)原因離開家鄉(xiāng)的成年孩子會(huì)___把他們的大部分首付寄給父母。這屬于菲律賓當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N特色。故用typically。

15.考查詞組辨析。insiston堅(jiān)決，堅(jiān)持；resistto抵抗，反抗；persistin堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)于；consistof由…組成。由people以及aswellasthe…可知這是家庭的組成部分。故用consistof。

16.考查形近詞辨析?？崭裉幣cthespiritsofthedead相對，越南人的家庭包括活著的人以及逝去的靈魂和未出生的人。

17.考查名詞辨析。由or可推知該空意思與action意思接近，只有A項(xiàng)符合。句意：所有決定或行為都是從家庭的角度來考慮的。

18.考查固定搭配。bejudgedon以…來判斷。句意：人們的行為會(huì)根據(jù)其是否為家庭帶來榮譽(yù)或使其蒙羞來判斷。

19.該句將越南人與美國人在自立方面進(jìn)行對比，越南人不獨(dú)立，這點(diǎn)與美國人是相反的。。counterpart復(fù)本，配對物；competitor競爭者，對手；opposite反面；opponent對手。故C項(xiàng)正確

20.考查形近詞辨析。station車站；state國家，州；stature身高，身材；status地位，狀態(tài)。句意：許多越南人認(rèn)為他們這輩子的行為將會(huì)影響下輩子的___。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。than可以做定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。在此用法中than既充當(dāng)比較作用，又充當(dāng)代詞作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原型，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：這些提案尋求在數(shù)字信息的使用和復(fù)制上給予比在傳統(tǒng)媒體的使用和復(fù)制上更多的限制。

10.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動(dòng)蕩的，湍流的”；B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯，這里表達(dá)的是“使平靜的局面變得動(dòng)蕩”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Theofficermurmuredhisconsent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuttered

B.nodded

C.mumbled

D.uttered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。murmur意為“低語，喃喃細(xì)語”；stutter意為“口吃，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說”；nod意為“點(diǎn)頭”；mumble意為“嘟噥，低聲說”；utter意為“說，出聲”。

句意：警官低聲表示同意。

12.單選題

Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill（

）throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.permeate

B.probe

C.violate

D.grope

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。permeate“滲透”；probe“探索”；violate“違反”；grope“摸索，探索”。句意：上層社會(huì)對女性在社會(huì)中地位的態(tài)度發(fā)生了明顯的變化，這種變化對日本現(xiàn)行的法律體系產(chǎn)生了影響。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Allfactoriesandminesare______bygovernmentofficials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examined

B.surveyed

C.inspected

D.investigated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)examined“（仔細(xì)）檢查；考察”；B選項(xiàng)surveyed“勘測；民意調(diào)查；房屋鑒定”；C選項(xiàng)inspected“視察；查看”；D選項(xiàng)investigated“偵察”。句意：所有的工廠和礦山都由政府官員______。根據(jù)語境，governmentofficials“政府官員”搭配inspected“視察”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein（

）withitssurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidence

B.harmony

C.uniform

D.alliance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。coincidence意為“巧合，一致”；harmony意為“和諧，協(xié)調(diào)”，inharmonywith意為“與……和諧相處”；uniform意為“制服”；alliance意為“結(jié)盟，同盟”。

句意：這個(gè)國家曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里的所有的生命似乎與周圍環(huán)境和諧相處。

15.單選題

Thestudent,（）atthewaythequestionwasputforward,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosurprise

B.surprised

C.surprising

D.tobesurprised

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語“thestudent”和動(dòng)詞“surprise”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以本題應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)：surprised。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生對問題提出的方式感到驚訝，不知道如何回答。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移動(dòng)的；易變的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；萬能的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】干細(xì)胞是具有……的細(xì)胞，能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞。由本句后半句“能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞”可知干細(xì)胞是具有產(chǎn)生多功能的細(xì)胞。所以D選項(xiàng)“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】干細(xì)胞是一種多功能細(xì)胞，具有分裂和發(fā)育成許多其他類型細(xì)胞的能力。

17.單選題

Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedfrom

B.burstinto

C.evoked

D.prosecuted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)resultfrom“由……造成，起因于”，B項(xiàng)burstinto“突然闖進(jìn)來”，C項(xiàng)evoke“引起，喚起，博得”，D項(xiàng)prosecute“檢舉，貫徹”。根據(jù)句子意思“她的精彩表演……觀眾的熱烈喝彩”可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“贏得，博得”，所以只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：她出色的表演引起了觀眾的熱烈喝彩。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

18.填空題

Directions:BlowispassagefromaguidegivingadvicetoforeignnationalslivinginBritain.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesonANSWEERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

LosingyourpassportIfsomethinghashappenedtoyourpassport,informyourembassyatonceandaskthemtotellyouallthedocumentsthatyouwillneedtoproducetobe(Example)withanewone.Thisismostimportantbecausesomeembassiesrequireextensivedocumentaryproofofnationality,aswellasproofofidentity,suchasdrivinglicense,orcreditcards.Sotakecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoneywhenyoucanleast66either.Ifyourpassporthasbeenlostorstolen,yourembassywillwantyoutoreporttheincidenttothepoliceassoonaspossible.Whenyoudoso,askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour67__.

Similarly,takeyourpassportnumberwithyoutotheembassy,asthiswillaccelerateyourcase.Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill68onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer,Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat69itistobepaid.

Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour70__,butasaprecautionyoushouldinvestigatetherequirementsbeforeyouareactuallyforcedtomakeanemergencyrequest.

【答案】66.afford

67.claim

68.depend

69.currency

70.identity

【解析】66.從前面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可知，此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)…takecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoney（注意不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)可以和time和money搭配的動(dòng)詞，因此afford最合適，表示“給予，提供，買得起”。

67.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；根據(jù)…askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour…（向警方詢問你的案件編號(hào)，因?yàn)樵S多大使館發(fā)現(xiàn)這對跟進(jìn)你的……很有幫助）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入表示“需求”的單詞，因此claim最合適，表示“要求”。

68.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill…onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer（你需要的照片的大小和數(shù)量將……你的大使館，有些大使館甚至?xí)扑]一個(gè)攝影師）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入表示“取決于”的動(dòng)詞，因此depend最合適，構(gòu)成短語dependon（取決于）。

69.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；根據(jù)Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat…itistobepaid（你還應(yīng)該向大使館官員確認(rèn)你需要支付多少錢，以及以……支付）得出，這里應(yīng)該是表示貨幣形式，因此currency正確。

70.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；整篇文章都在講述辦理護(hù)照的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵是對自己身份的證明，那么根據(jù)Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour…（有些大使館準(zhǔn)備在緊急情況下簽發(fā)現(xiàn)場護(hù)照，只需要你對……進(jìn)行宣誓就可以領(lǐng)取）得出，這里應(yīng)該是填入“身份”，因此identity正確。

19.單選題

Governmentpolicymakersshouldconsider（

）benefitcoveragefortemporaryemployees,promotingpayequitybetweentemporaryandpermanentworkers,assistinglaborunionsinorganizingtemporaryworkers,and（

）firmstoassigntemporaryjobsprimarilytoemployeeswhoexplicitlyindicatethatpreference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomandate...toencourage

B.tomandate...encouraging

C.mandating...toencourage

D.mandating…encouraging

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。considerdoingsth.“考慮做某事”；第二個(gè)空格前有and，可知promoting，assisting和空格處為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項(xiàng)phenomena為phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C選項(xiàng)phenomenons這種復(fù)數(shù)形式基本和“現(xiàn)象”無關(guān)，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特別的事情（或事實(shí)）；D選項(xiàng)phenomenas這種復(fù)數(shù)形式不存在。句意：這篇文章論述了大家最感興趣的自然現(xiàn)象。which后面的謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式“is”，所以空格處也應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.Fortunatelyforthegeneralreader,hisexplanationsofbrainfunctionareaccessible,reinforcedbyconcreteexamplesandmetaphors.

Edelmansuggeststhatthankstotherecentdevelopmentofinstrumentscapableofmeasuringbrainstructurewithinmillimetersandbrainactivitywithinmilliseconds,perceptions,thoughts,memories,willedacts,andothermindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.Ourconsciousness(a“first-personaffair”displayingintentionality,reflectingbeliefsanddesires,etc.)，ourcreativity,evenourvaluesystems,haveabasisinbrainfunction.

Theauthordescribesthreeunifyinginsightsthatcorrelatemindmatterswithbrainactivity.First,evendistantneuronswillestablishmeaningfulconnections(circuits)iftheirfiringpatternsaresynchronized.Second,experiencecaneitherstrengthenorweakensynapses(neuronalconnections).Finally,thereisreentry,thecontinuedsignalingfromonebrainregiontoanotherandbackagainalongmassivelyparallelnervefibers.

Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.Meanwhile,heiscomfortablehazardingaguess:“Allofourmentallife...isbasedonthestructureanddynamicsofourbrain.”Despitethisoptimismabouttheexplanatorypowersofneuroscience,Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.Indeed,culture—notbiology—istheprimarydeterminantofthebrain’sevolution,andhasbeensincetheemergenceoflanguage,henotes.

However,IwassurprisedtolearnthatheconsidersSigmundFreud“thekeyexpositoroftheeffectsofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.”SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.

Still,SecondNatureiswellworthreading.Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.Readerswithoutatleastsomefamiliaritywithbrainsciencewilllikelyfindthegoingdifficultatcertainpoints.Nonetheless,Edelmanhasachievedhisgoalofproducingaprovocativeexplorationof“howwecometoknowtheworldandourselves”.

1.GeraldEdelmanwouldmostprobablysupporttheideathatthebrain（

）.

2.Itwaspreviouslyfeltthatperceptionsandothermindmatterscouldhardlybe

（

）.

3.Edelmanfirmlybelievesthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoEdelman,toprovideathoroughexplanationofhumanmind,neurosciencewillbe

（

）.

5.Theauthordisagreeswiththeideathattheneuroscience-basedcognitiveunconsciouscanbe

（

）.

6.Accordingtotheauthor，SecondNatureisagoodbookbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.co-functionswiththemind

B.workslikeacomputer

C.hasanaccessiblefunction

D.sendssignalstothemind

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.treatedasasignificantissue

B.studiedwithscientificmethods

C.separatedfrombrainactivity

D.handledwithsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.brainsignalswillrepeatedlygofromonebrainregiontoanother.

B.experiencewillhaveanilleffectonneuronalconnections

C.distantneuronswillhelpsynchronizetheirfiringpatterns

D.mindmatterswillbeexplainedfromaneurologicalperspective

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.responsible

B.insufficient

C.impractical

D.reliable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.clearlyexplainedbyFreud’stheory

B.affectedbylanguageacquisition

C.studiedrelevantlytosexualbehavior

D.examinedconcerningculturalbackgrounds

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.itintereststhereaderinspiritualactivities

B.itappealstothereadertostudybioscience

C.itsetsthereaderprobingintohumancognition

D.itpresentstheadvancementofnaturalscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者神經(jīng)學(xué)家杰拉爾德?埃德爾曼認(rèn)為,大腦和思維是統(tǒng)一的,但他對大腦是一臺(tái)電腦這一觀點(diǎn)毫無耐心。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句。根據(jù)“…mindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.（傳統(tǒng)上被認(rèn)為是私人的、無法通過科學(xué)檢查的精神問題，現(xiàn)在可能與大腦活動(dòng)有關(guān)）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，目前還沒有對意識(shí)和思維其他方面的神經(jīng)學(xué)解釋，但他相信很快就會(huì)有。）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第三句。根據(jù)“Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，試圖用神經(jīng)學(xué)術(shù)語解釋思維的所有方面存在缺陷）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。本段大意為：作者并不同意Edelman的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為SigmundFreud關(guān)于無意識(shí)的概念與神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們提出的認(rèn)知無意識(shí)的觀點(diǎn)并無相似之處。(SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.)從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段?！癐tservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.(它是連接傳統(tǒng)上“硬”科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科兩大陣營的橋梁。)”通過歸納推理即可得出本題答案。

22.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

23.單選題

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impair意為“損害，削弱”；promote意為“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”；accelerate意為“加快，增速”；smash意為“打碎，打破”。

句意：繁重的工作和營養(yǎng)不良損害了他的健康，他看上去又瘦又蒼白。

24.單選題

Theywereforcedto（）onnecessitiesinordertomaketheirlimitedsupplieslastthelongishwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skimp

B.exhaust

C.stingy

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)skimp“克扣，對……不夠用心”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡，徹底探討”；C選項(xiàng)stingy“吝嗇的，小氣的，有刺的”；D選項(xiàng)count“總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”。句意：他們被迫在生活必需品上_____，以使有限的物資能夠度過漫長的冬天。根據(jù)后文說“有限的物資”，可以看出他們的物資缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上錙銖必較”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

25.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來為美國制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

26.單選題

Onlineschools,which（）theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

問題1選項(xiàng)