考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictoravoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalways,clear,either,whatsortofconditionsmakepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeoplewhohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

1.Thepassagemightbetakenfrom______.

2.Thewriterindicatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafactorofaccidents?

4.“Accident-prone”(Para2)probablymeans______.

5.Whichoffollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atextbook

B.asciencefiction

C.apopularmagazine

D.anannualreportofacompany

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Britishpeopleareoftenabsentminded.

B.doctorsshouldworkinfactoriestoavoidaccidents.

C.driversarethefactorleadingtoroadaccidents.

D.therearealwayssomepeoplewhofailtoobserveregulations.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.anxiety

B.tiredness

C.badweather

D.carelessness

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.liabletohaveaccidents

B.likelytobekilledinaccidents

C.responsibleforroadaccidents

D.possibletoavoidaccidents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.CausesofAccidents

B.PreventionofAccidents

C.ResultsofAccidents

D.AccidentsandAnxiety

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要講述的是事故發(fā)生的人為原因，第一段點(diǎn)明主題Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.（事故是人為造成的，不是自然發(fā)生的）；第二段和第三段講交通事故發(fā)生的人為原因；第四段進(jìn)一步分析舉例論證事故發(fā)生的人為因素。這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)相比較而言更可能出現(xiàn)在教科書(shū)上，A項(xiàng)“一本教科書(shū)”正確；事故的原因不可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在B項(xiàng)“一本科幻小說(shuō)”、C項(xiàng)“一本受歡迎的雜志”或者D項(xiàng)“一份公司年度報(bào)告”中。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者指出……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.（例如，法律要求所有工廠采取安全預(yù)防措施，大多數(shù)公司都有安全委員會(huì)以確保這些規(guī)定得到遵守，但是，在英國(guó)每天仍然有大約5萬(wàn)名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人經(jīng)常心不在焉”和D項(xiàng)“總有一些人不遵守規(guī)章制度”與文章不符；B項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生應(yīng)該在工廠工作以避免事故”沒(méi)有提到；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機(jī)一時(shí)的粗心大意造成的）可知，C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)是導(dǎo)致交通事故的因素”表述無(wú)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有被提到是導(dǎo)致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句話指出Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.（但往往是一連串的事件導(dǎo)致了不幸—沮喪、疲勞或只是壞脾氣—事故其實(shí)是對(duì)自己的一種攻擊。）可知，A項(xiàng)“焦慮”和B項(xiàng)“疲憊”正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機(jī)一時(shí)的粗心大意造成的）可知，D項(xiàng)“粗心大意”也正確；只有C項(xiàng)“天氣不好”在文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第二段Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.（例如，交通事故經(jīng)常發(fā)生在家庭爭(zhēng)吵之后，我們都知道那些accident-prone的人，他們經(jīng)常與自己和世界發(fā)生沖突，以至于他們似乎給自己或他人造成了事故。），結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可以推測(cè)，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易發(fā)生事故的”，A項(xiàng)“容易發(fā)生事故”正確；B項(xiàng)“可能在事故中死亡”、C項(xiàng)“對(duì)交通事故負(fù)責(zé)”和D項(xiàng)“可能避免事故”都不對(duì)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)可以作為這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題？”。整篇文章通篇講述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A項(xiàng)“事故的原因”最符合；B項(xiàng)“預(yù)防交通事故”、C項(xiàng)“事故的結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“事故和焦慮”概括都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thetraincametoa/an（

）stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.incidental

C.swift

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B選項(xiàng)incidental“偶然的”；C選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)abrupt“突然的”。

句意：火車突然停了下來(lái)，許多乘客從座位上摔了下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere（

）.

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was

（

）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

4.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betterthan2001:ASpaceOdyssey

B.Notasgoodas2001:ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.spacetravel

B.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearth

D.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，大部分70年代上映的科幻電影……”。文章第一段第一句提到“不幸的是20世紀(jì)70年代大大部分科幻電影很少受《2001太空漫游》的影響”（Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey）；第一段最后一句提到“在接下來(lái)的十年里，所有上映的科幻電影都被拿來(lái)與2001做比較，但是除了少數(shù)幾部電影外，其他的都不怎么樣”（Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking），由此可知，其他的電影不如2001:ASpaceOdyssey，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“大部分1979年到1977年間的科幻電影主題是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“在《2001太空漫游》之后，科幻電影的主題從太空旅行轉(zhuǎn)移到因人類對(duì)自然環(huán)境管理不善和極權(quán)主義國(guó)家對(duì)技術(shù)的濫用而導(dǎo)致的地球問(wèn)題上”（After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate），所以選項(xiàng)C“地球生態(tài)問(wèn)題”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么2001會(huì)成功，作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么”。文章第二段提到“引人入勝的攝影工作被編輯來(lái)響應(yīng)起伏的音樂(lè)”（Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic），選項(xiàng)B“因?yàn)樗臄z影工作與音樂(lè)是藝術(shù)的融合”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“對(duì)于20世紀(jì)70年代的科幻電影，作者反對(duì)的是……”。文章第三段提到1970到1977年間29部電影圍繞著同一個(gè)主題；最后一段提到“在這位影評(píng)家看來(lái)，直到1977年《星球大戰(zhàn)》上映之前，科幻電影或多或少出現(xiàn)一系列重復(fù)情節(jié)”（Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots），選項(xiàng)C“作者認(rèn)為它們的故事情節(jié)有太多相似之處”符合題意。

4.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do（）.

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A:高估教學(xué)的重要性是錯(cuò)誤的。B:教學(xué)和研究互相抵觸。C:不應(yīng)該過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的重要性。D:不應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)化教學(xué)和研究之間的關(guān)系。第一段講述二者之間的關(guān)系更為復(fù)雜和重要，而并沒(méi)有討論二者孰輕孰重。因此A跟C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)提升中的作用過(guò)于突出，教學(xué)被嚴(yán)重低估)。因此B項(xiàng)不正確。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(這些話都有一定道理，但它們卻也忽視了教學(xué)與研究二者間更深層、更重要的聯(lián)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:研究能提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。B:樂(lè)于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)生欣賞研究型的教授。C:很難客觀地評(píng)定教學(xué)質(zhì)量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有責(zé)任心的和吃苦耐勞的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章確實(shí)認(rèn)為，教學(xué)和研宂是互相促進(jìn)的，但并不是在學(xué)術(shù)提升方面，研究型大學(xué)仍然重視研究的原因。因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一個(gè)有高度責(zé)任感且嚴(yán)厲的教授通常會(huì)受到那些想要挑戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的贊賞，但是那些成績(jī)不那么令人印象深刻的學(xué)生卻不喜歡他)，由此可知B項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都不是重視研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)，但最高的榮譽(yù)一般都給予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于對(duì)教學(xué)評(píng)定的困難)。由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:研究型大學(xué)里著名的教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究，此選項(xiàng)過(guò)于片面。B:將教學(xué)與研究分離會(huì)降低未來(lái)科學(xué)家的質(zhì)量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家需要在研究型大學(xué)和藝術(shù)學(xué)院有出色的教學(xué)。雖然科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)里“造”出來(lái)的，但在大學(xué)和研究生院的水平上，糟糕的教學(xué)可能會(huì)讓科學(xué)家流失)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:為了培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家，提高小學(xué)的教學(xué)至關(guān)重要。此選項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷了第三句。D:現(xiàn)代科技的快速發(fā)展使得教學(xué)和研究不可能結(jié)合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital(解決的辦法不是把教學(xué)和研究分開(kāi)，而是認(rèn)識(shí)到兩者的結(jié)合是困難而重要的)。由此可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thetitleofprofessor可定位至第四段:Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators’，orsomethingelse(教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人，也許現(xiàn)在是大學(xué)為那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中認(rèn)真一員的人保留這個(gè)頭銜的時(shí)候了。不愿意教書(shū)的教授可以被稱為“杰出的研究人員”，或者別的稱呼)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“教學(xué)”正確。

第5題:詞義題。第五段最后一句指出:Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities(那些說(shuō)我們可以把教學(xué)和研究分開(kāi)的人根本不了解這個(gè)體系，但是那些說(shuō)這個(gè)問(wèn)題會(huì)消失的人并沒(méi)有履行他們的職責(zé))。由此可知，theproblem是指“將教學(xué)與研究分離”。

5.單選題

Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionenactment,performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.Studentsmustbeincorporated,made,sofaraspossible,anintegralpartofthelearningprocess.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly,butthatisnonethelessthecase.OfEzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwroteplannedhislessonsthathispupils“cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay,“andAlfredNorthWhitehead,almostthreehundredyearslater,notedthatateachershouldmakehis/herstudents“gladtheywerethere.”

Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgivecloseattentiontothisformofeducation.Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat“l(fā)ecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatimeforonepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?Idonotbelievethatthisiswhatthecreatordesignedhumanstodo’’.

Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,unobjective;itistoappealtothestudents’emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.

Thecultoflecturingdully,likethecultofwritingdully,goesback,ofcourse,someyears.EdwardShils,professorofsociology,recallstheprofessorsheencounteredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainhisyouth.Theyseemed“apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.Somereadfromoldlecturenotesandthenhaltinglyexplainedthethumb-wornlastlines.Otherslecturedfromcardsthathadservedforyears,tojudgebythewornedges.Theteachersbeganontime,endedontime,andlefttheroomwithoutsayingawordmoretotheirstudents,veryseldombeingdetainedbyquestioners.Theclasseswerenotlarge,yettherewasnodiscussion.Noquestionswereraisedinclass,andtherewerenoofficehours.”

1.Theauthorbelievesthatasuccessfulteachershouldbeableto（）.

2.Themajorityofuniversityprofessorspreferthetraditionalwayoflecturinginthebeliefthat（）.

3.Whattheauthorrecommendsinthispassageisthat（）

4.Bysaying“Theyseemed‘a(chǎn)priesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing...”(Lines3-4,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Whoseteachingmethodisparticularlycommendedbytheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeinspiredplayanintegralpartofthelearningprocess

B.makedramatizationanimportantaspectofstudents’learning

C.improvestudents'learningperformance

D.makestudyjustaseasyasplay

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itdrawsthecloseattentionofthestudents

B.itconformsinawaytothedesignoftheCreator

C.itpresentscoursecontentinascientificandobjectivemanner

D.ithelpsstudentstocomprehendabstracttheoriesmoreeasily

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.collegeeducationshouldbeimprovedthroughradicalmeasures

B.morefreedomofchoiceshouldbegiventostudentsintheirstudies

C.traditionalcollegelecturesshouldbereplacedbydramatizedperformances

D.interactionshouldbeencouragedintheprocessofteaching

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.professorsareagroupofprofessionalsthatdifferintheiracademicabilitybutbehaveinthesameway

B.professorsarelikepriestswearingthesamekindofblackgownbuthavingdifferentrolestoplay.

C.thereisnofundamentaldifferencebetweenprofessorsandprieststhoughtheydifferintheirmerits

D.professorsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniausedtowearblacksuitswhichmadethemlooklikepriests

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AlfredNorthWhitehead's.

B.EzekielCheever’s.

C.CottonMather’s.

D.PatriciaNelsonLimerick’s.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionenactment,performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.我在學(xué)院和大學(xué)里教了幾年書(shū)，從那時(shí)起我就堅(jiān)信，表演，戲劇化是最成功的教學(xué)形式?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為戲劇化教學(xué)是最成功的教學(xué)方式。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,unobjective;itistoappealtothestudents’emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.奇怪的、幾乎不可理解的事實(shí)是，許多教授認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該枯燥地講課，就像他們覺(jué)得必須枯燥地寫(xiě)作一樣。表現(xiàn)出熱情就有可能顯得不科學(xué)、不客觀;這是為了吸引學(xué)生的情感而不是他們的智力?！币虼耍硐氲难葜v應(yīng)該是充滿事實(shí)，以不變的單調(diào)語(yǔ)調(diào)進(jìn)行的?？芍淌趥兿矚g以傳統(tǒng)方式上課的原因是傳統(tǒng)授課方式以一種科學(xué)的、客觀的方式展現(xiàn)課程內(nèi)容。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由第二段“Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat“l(fā)ecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatimeforonepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?Idonotbelievethatthisiswhatthecreatordesignedhumanstodo’’.我認(rèn)為，帕特里夏?納爾遜?利默里克(PatriciaNelsonLimerick)的觀察有很多道理，她說(shuō):“講課是一種非自然的行為，這種行為不是上帝設(shè)計(jì)給人類的。”有時(shí)候，一個(gè)人被說(shuō)話的沖動(dòng)所控制，而其他人卻保持沉默，這是完全正常的。但要經(jīng)常這樣做，一次一小時(shí)十五分鐘，讓一個(gè)人講下去，而其他人則安靜地坐著?我不相信這是造物主設(shè)計(jì)人類去做的?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為老師一個(gè)人講課，而其他人保持沉默是不好的，他推崇老師與聽(tīng)眾之間有互動(dòng)。

4.語(yǔ)義題。Theyseemed“apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.他們似乎是“一個(gè)祭司，他們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)不一樣，但他們的舉止卻很一致;他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有涉及任何個(gè)人的事情。由該句教授們雖然專業(yè)能力不一樣，但是他們的行為一致。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由第一段末尾EzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwroteplannedhislessonsthathispupils“cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay…馬薩諸塞灣殖民地最著名的校長(zhǎng)EzekielCheever曾是學(xué)生CottonMather的老師，他在書(shū)中寫(xiě)道，他的學(xué)生“來(lái)工作就像來(lái)玩耍一樣……”可知作者推崇EzekielCheever的教學(xué)方式。故B項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.為了產(chǎn)生等量的電流，中國(guó)的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。從本世紀(jì)的開(kāi)端起，提高生產(chǎn)率同時(shí)節(jié)約能源，這已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)政府最關(guān)心的事情之一。

2.在將來(lái)的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么職位任務(wù)，他們都不能是技術(shù)文盲。他們沒(méi)必要是發(fā)明新技術(shù)的科學(xué)家或工程師，但是，管理者必須清楚對(duì)新技術(shù)何時(shí)押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技術(shù)能有效地成為“黑匣子”，那么，他們就不會(huì)做出改變。這樣，他們將成為失敗者而不是勝者。

4.即使你知道孩子問(wèn)題的答案，也不要沖動(dòng)地快速做出回應(yīng)，要給討論余留空間。這強(qiáng)化了科學(xué)僅是一套儲(chǔ)存在成人腦海的事實(shí)這一誤解。

5.科學(xué)關(guān)乎于解釋?？茖W(xué)不僅包含事實(shí)，而且包含人們通過(guò)將信息編織成個(gè)關(guān)于自然如何運(yùn)作的故事而給予它的意義。

7.單選題

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

1.Theauthormainlytalksabout（）inParagraph1.

2.TheOECDreport（）.

3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause（）

4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)