詞匯學(xué)備考復(fù)習(xí)資料

第一講：1.考試題形式分為：I.選擇題（30分）：完全是考書中的例子，理論與例子的結(jié)合,也就是Theory，和，Example，的結(jié)合oH.填空（10分）：考特例，不是考簡(jiǎn)單的，ExamplesTTheory，而是考，Exceptions'.III.（10分）考試內(nèi)容：i.Typesofmeaningchanges:詞意變化的種類ii.Typesofmeaning:詞義的種類,如：概念意義，聯(lián)想意義，情感意義等。iii.Languagesbranches:語(yǔ)系與語(yǔ)族，語(yǔ)系如：印歐語(yǔ)系；語(yǔ)族如：一個(gè)大的語(yǔ)系下分為那幾個(gè)小的語(yǔ)族，如：日爾曼語(yǔ)族，斯堪的納維亞語(yǔ)族等。iv.Feathersofidioms:習(xí)語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)W.（10分）考試內(nèi)容：i.TypesofBoundMorphemes:粘著詞素的種類ii.TypesofWordFormations:構(gòu)詞法的種類iii.TypesofMeaning:詞義的種類iv.TypesofMeaningofIdioms:習(xí)語(yǔ)涵義的種類.名詞解釋（10分）:.簡(jiǎn)答題（12分）：i.比較題：兩種理論/概念之間的區(qū)別就叫比較題，比如說(shuō)，概念意義與聯(lián)想意義有何區(qū)別，粘著詞素與派生詞根有何區(qū)別，兩種事物與兩種理論之間的區(qū)別等。ii.名詞解釋擴(kuò)展題：難的名詞解釋派生的簡(jiǎn)答題，in：AffectedMeaning名詞解釋起來(lái)太長(zhǎng)了，放在簡(jiǎn)答題里，就成為：WhatisAffectedMeaning,brieflyexemplifyit.iii.Optional:可考可不考的題，往往是給出名詞讓你舉例子vn.分析題（18分）：給出例子，讓你用理論加以分析。二.串講內(nèi)容：Introduction部分：Lexicology這門課算哪?種學(xué)科的分支：Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics.Lexicology和那些重要的學(xué)科建立了聯(lián)系：l）Morphology2）Semantics3）Stylistics4）Etymology5）Lexicography研究lexicology的兩大方法：Diachronicapproach:歷時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)Synchronicapproach:共時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)e.g.wife縱觀歷時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的方法論，woman詞義的變化算是詞義變化的哪種模式？Woman的詞義的變化算Narrowingorspecialization第一章部分：Whatisword?詞具有哪些特點(diǎn)？詞的特點(diǎn)也就是對(duì)詞的名詞解釋。Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguage;Asoundunityoragivensound;aunitofmeaning;aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.以上詞的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)也就是詞的名詞解釋詞的分類(classificationofaword)詞根據(jù)發(fā)音可以分為哪兩種訶？或者說(shuō)詞根據(jù)拼寫可以分為哪兩類詞？simplewords2)complexwords單音節(jié)詞例子：e.g.Manandfinearesimple多音節(jié)詞例子：e.g.Management,misfortune,blackmailmanagement可以次戈ij分為manage和-mentmisfortune可以次劃分為mis-和fortuneblackmail次劃分為black和mailWhatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?)Thereis'nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundandactualthing.e.g.dog.cat2)Therelationshipbetweenthemisconventional.3)Indifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedbydifferentsounds.Whatisrelationshipbetweensoundandform?l)Thewrittenformofanaturallanguageisthewrittenrecordoftheoralform.Naturallythewrittenformshouldagreewiththeoralform,suchasEnglishlanguage.2)ThisisfairlytrueofEnglishinitsearlieststagei.e.OldEnglish3)Withthedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweenthetwo.Whatarethegreatchangesthatcausesillogicalrelationshiporirregularitybetweensoundandform?TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguagesothatsomelettersmustdodoubledutyorworktogetherincombination.Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfarapart.Athirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.要記住以上四句話中的關(guān)鍵詞：influencedbyRomanspronunciationchangedearlyscribesborrowing你能不能舉出外來(lái)語(yǔ)對(duì)英語(yǔ)發(fā)音，拼寫造成不一致的例子有哪些？e.g.stimulus(L),fiesta(Sp),eureka(Gr),kimono(Jap)外來(lái)語(yǔ)對(duì)英語(yǔ)造成的最大的影響就是飛oundandform，不一致。Whatisvocabulary?Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitcanstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Vocabularyalsoreferstoallthewordsofagivendialect,givenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.ClassificationofWords(本課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，年年考試都考)Whatistheclassificationofwords?Howtoclassifywordsinlinguistics?Threecriteria:ByuseoffrequencyBynotionByoriginByuseoffrequency可劃分為：ThebasicwordstockNonbasicwordvocabularyBynotion可劃分為：1)Contentword2)FunctionalwordContentwordsarealsoknownasnotionalwords.(Contentwords的另ij稱)Functionalwordsarealsoknownasemptywords,orformwords.(Functionalwords的別稱)Functionalwordspossessesacharacteristicofbasicwordstock,i.e.stabilityAccordingtoStuartRobertson,etal(1957),*(年年考試必考)theninefunctionalwords,namely,and,be,have,it,of,the,to,will,youWhatarethecharacteristicsofbasicwordstock?AllnationalcharacterStabilityproductivitypolysemyCollocability要把握住'Allnationalcharacter'的詞,就是和我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钕⑾⑾嚓P(guān)的，最普通的詞穩(wěn)定性是基本詞的一個(gè)很大特點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)你舉例說(shuō)明？e.g.man,woman,fire,water...e.g.machine,video,telephone...e.g.bow,chariot,knightStabilityisrelative,notabsolute.根據(jù)詞的usefrequency劃分出的基本詞之外，還有一類詞叫作Nonebasicvocabulary,非基本詞有幾大特點(diǎn)？或者是幾大分類？Terminologye.g.sonata,algebraJargone.g.Bottomline(Jargon)Slange.g.smoky,bear(Slang)Argote.g.persuaderDialectalwordse.g.station(AusE=ranch)bluid(ScotE=blood)Archaismse.g.wilt(will)Neologismse.g.email(Neologisms)beaver是girl的slang表達(dá)方式，但是二者之間存在著StylisticdifferenceWhichconstitutesthelargernumberamongEnglishvocabulary,contentwordsorfunctionalwords?Answer:ContentwordsWhatisnativewords?Answer:(1)Byorigin,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedintonativewordsandborrowedwords.NativewordsarewordsbroughttoBritaininthefifthcenturybytheGermantribes:theAngles,theSaxons,andtheJutes,thusknowasAnglo-Saxonwords.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginaresmallinnumber.amountingtoroughly50,000to60,000,buttheyformthemainstreamofthebasicwordstockandstandatthecoreofthelanguage什么口4borrowedwords?Answer:(1)wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguagesareknowasborrowedwordsorloanwordsorborrowingsinsimpleterms.ItisestimatedthatEnglishborrowingsconstitute80percentofthemodernEnglishvocabularyTheEnglishlanguagehasvastdebts.Inanydictionarysome80%oftheentriesareborrowed.什么叫Denizens?DenizensarewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.InotherwordstheyhavecometoconformtotheEnglishwayofpronunciationandspelling,suchasportfromportus(L).Denizens'的例子都要記：Portfromportus(L),cupfromcuppa(L),shiftfromskipta(ON),shirtfromskyrta(ON),changefromchangier(F),porkfrompore(F).什么叫Translation-loans?Translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedformtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodeledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage,suchas4longtimenoseefromhaojiumeijian（Ch）什么叫Semantic-loans?wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,Buttheirmeaningareborrowed,inotherwords,Englishhasborrowedanewmeaningforanexistingwordinthelanguage,suchastheworddream,whichoriginallymeant'joy'and'musicanditsmodernmeaningwasborrowedlaterfromtheNorse.第二章：ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabularyTheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyItisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3,000（someputit5,000）languages,whichcanbegroupedintoroughly300languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar,重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)系劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）Whatisthecriteriatodividelanguagefamilies?Theanswer:1.thebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstock2.grammar（重點(diǎn)）TheBalto-Slaviccomprisessuchmodernlanguagesas（選擇題內(nèi)容：）Prussian,Lithuanian,polish,Czech,Bulgarian.SlovenianandRussian.'Indo-European'兩大分支：.Easternset.WesternsetEasternset:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,ArmenianandAlbanianWesternset:Celtic,Italic,Hellenic,Germanic.InthewesternSet,GreekisthemodernlanguagederivedfromHellenic.Celtic：Scottish,Irish,Welsh,BretonThefiveRomancelanguages,namelyPortuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RoumanianallbelongtotheItalic.TheGermanicfamilyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:NorwegianJcelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownasScandinavianlanguages.ThenthereisGerman,Dutch,FlemishandEnglish.WithVikings'invasion,manyScandinavianwordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.Itisestimatedthatatleast900wordsofScandinavianoriginhavesurvivedinmodernEnglish.OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout50,000to60,000words.ItwasahighlyinflectedlanguagejustlikemodemGerman.幣:點(diǎn)句：ModemEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentofprintinginEngland古英語(yǔ)最大的模糊性的概念來(lái)自于(scripts)古英語(yǔ)正因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)印刷術(shù)才打破了(earlyscripts)Soundandform真正達(dá)到統(tǒng)一是在什么時(shí)期？.Soundandformreachedtheirconcordin(ModernEnglishperiod)如果從詞匯變化的角度而言，ModemEnglish又可以細(xì)劃分為earlyperiod,modemperiod.*現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)早期階段屬于哪一種文化現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展時(shí)期(重要的選擇或填空內(nèi)容)EarlymodernEnglishappearedintheRenaissanceModemEnglishperiod有什么樣的外來(lái)語(yǔ)的進(jìn)入？TheLatinwordsswarmedintoEnglishinearlymodemEnglishperiod現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)時(shí)期，英語(yǔ)詞匯大量豐富還有另外一個(gè)原因是(colonization)TherichnessofModemEnglishinvocabularyalsoarisesfrom(Colonization)TheEnglishlanguagehasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguagetothepresentanalyticlanguage(市:要選擇或填空內(nèi)容)Growthofpresent-dayEnglishVocabularyThreemainsourcesofnewwords:l)Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology2)Social,economicandpoliticalchanges;3)Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage2.4ModesofVocabularyDevelopmentl)creation2)semanticchange3)borrowing2)Semanticchange(還包括外來(lái)詞的Semanticloans)Elevation,degradation,extension,narrowing,transfer外來(lái)詞可以被稱作borrowedwords,因此乂可以被稱作.重點(diǎn)句：borrowedwordsarealsoknownasloanedwords.恢復(fù)古英語(yǔ)的用詞是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的一大特色RevivingarchaicorobsoletewordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabularythoughquiteinsignificant.ThisisespeciallytrueofAmericanEnglish.英語(yǔ)從syntheticlanguage發(fā)展到presentanalyticallanguage是在英語(yǔ)的哪一個(gè)階段完成的？答案：ModernEnglishperiod文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，恰逢英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的哪個(gè)階段？答案：EarlyModemEnglishperiod在英語(yǔ)發(fā)展過(guò)程在哪個(gè)階段出現(xiàn)三語(yǔ)鼎立的現(xiàn)象？French,Latin,EnglishinMiddleEnglishperiodeasel,port,freight,出現(xiàn)于英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的哪個(gè)階段，屬于哪一種外來(lái)詞的引入？答案：MiddleEnglish,Dutch在英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的某一個(gè)階段，有一種語(yǔ)言進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)，它一共帶來(lái)了2500個(gè)詞匯，這種語(yǔ)言是什么？答案：Dutch(前年考題)據(jù)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)家的統(tǒng)計(jì)，英語(yǔ)中目前所占本族詞的數(shù)量有多少？答案：50,000to60,000他們的來(lái)源是(Anglo_Saxontongue)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，大量外來(lái)詞進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)中，如：Maojackets,blackbelt,kongfu,這些詞屬于英語(yǔ)詞匯發(fā)展的Present-dayEnglishVocabulary注意：第二章出大題的內(nèi)容無(wú)非就是請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述印歐語(yǔ)系的發(fā)展與組成。OldEnglish和MiddleEnglish最大的strikingdistinction存在于哪一個(gè)方面？答案：OldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，哪兩種文化得到了復(fù)興，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的豐富具有什么樣的影響？答案：Greek,Romanculture某些希臘詞被引入到了英語(yǔ)是在什么階段？答案：ModernEnglish十六世紀(jì)，有一種新工業(yè)出現(xiàn)對(duì)詞匯的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的影響，這是哪一種industry?答案：Printing這導(dǎo)致soundandform出現(xiàn)concord,出現(xiàn)standardization.第三章復(fù)習(xí)：ThesmallestunitintheEnglishlanguagerefersto(morphemes)TheminimalfreeformintheEnglishlanguagerefersto(word)Inthepluralformchanging,someofthewordswilltakeinternalvowelchange,thisinternalvowelchangeiscalled(allomorphs)Deer復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有變，還是deer,sheep復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有變，還是sheep,因此，這種變化被稱作(zeroderivation)名詞解釋：Morphemes:Theminimalmeaningfulunitsinalanguageareknownasmorphemes.Inotherwords,themorphemesis'thesmallestfunctioningunitincompositionofwordsAllomorphs:Thealternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs,e.g.themorphemeofplurality{-s}hasanumberofallomorphsindifferentsoundcontext,e.g.incatsinbags,matchesItcanberealizedbythechangeofaninternalvowelasinfoot-feet,man-men,goose-geeseorbyzeromorphsasindeer-deer,fish-fish簡(jiǎn)答題：whatarethetypesofmorphemes?(答簡(jiǎn)答題時(shí)，名詞解釋)答案：FreemorphemesandboundmorphemesFreemorphemes:Freemorphemesareindependentofothermorphemesandareconsideredtobefree.Thesemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.Theyareidenticalwithrootwords,aseachofthemconsistsofasinglefreerootwords,aseachofthemconsistsofasinglefreerootfreemorphemesarefreeroots.boundmorphemes:1)Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound..Theyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwords.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:boundrootandaffixaffix分為兩類：inflectionalandderivationalaffixes.Inflectionalaffixes:Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Derivationalaffixes:l)derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenowwords.Derivationalaffixescanbefurtherdividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.root:1)arootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.theroot,whetherfreeorbound,generallycarriesthemaincomponentofmeaninginaworda'rootisthatpartofawordformthatremainswhenallinflectionalandderivationalaffixeshavebeenremoved'stem:1)astemmayconsistofasinglerootmorphemeasinironoroftworootmorphemesasinacompoundlikehandcuff.Itcanbearootmorphemeplusoneormoreaffixationalmorphemesasinmouthful,underestimate.Therefore,astemcanbedefinedasaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.問(wèn)題：Stem和root有?個(gè)最大的區(qū)別在哪里？(連著兩年沒(méi)有考過(guò))答案：astemcanbedefinedasaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)加以區(qū)別下面兩個(gè)詞的特征:nation,diet請(qǐng)加以理論的分析?Bothnationanddietbelongtoroots,nationisfreeroot,whichcanfunctionaloneinasentence,Nationasafreeroot,hascompletemeaning,whenbothprefixesandsuffixesattachedtoitareremoved,nationasafreeroot,stillremainsDietisaboundroot,whichcannotfunctionalonegrammatically,dietcarriesthefundamentalmeaningofwords,diethastocombinewiththeothermorphemestocreatenewwords,forexample,dictionary,contradiction.問(wèn)題：分析下面一句話：Heismuchmoreclevererthananyotheroneinthevillage,tooheadsarebetterthanone.請(qǐng)從構(gòu)詞角度分析以上的例子，cleverer,bettercleverer(-er:inflectionalaffixes)better(good,well的特殊變化)Itisallomorphofgoodandwell.第四章：?jiǎn)栴}：在英語(yǔ)中,主要的構(gòu)詞法分為哪幾種？答案：有七種：1)Affixation2)Compounding3)conversion4)shortening5)clipping6)acronymy7)blending有三種最常用：affixation,compoundingandconversion問(wèn)題：由專有名詞變?yōu)槠胀~是詞義變化的哪一種？答案：Extension問(wèn)題：由普通名詞變?yōu)閷Ｓ忻~是詞義變化的哪一種模式？答案：Narrowing問(wèn)題：Affixation又被稱為什么？它分為哪兩類？答案：AffixationisalsoknownasderivationAffixationfallsintotwosubclasses:prefixationandsuffixation要點(diǎn):有哪些前綴屬于什么樣的類別：a-,non,ir:negativeprefixesde-,dis-(既屬于negative,也屬于reversativeprefixes)mal-,pseudo-,mis-:pejorativeprefixessuper,sur-,extra：prefixesofdegreeorsizeanti-,contra-,counter-,pro-:prefixesoforientationandattitudetrans-,fore-tele-:locativeprefixesfore-,post-:prefixesoftimeandorderbi-,uni-,semi-:numberprefixespan-,vice-:miscellaneousprefixessuffixation:1.NounsuffixesDenominalnounsDeverbalnounsDe-a(ijectivenouns:ity,-ness,Nounandadjectivesuffixes注意Compounding,acoronymy,blending,conversion,clipping的名詞解釋.要點(diǎn)：復(fù)合詞分為哪三類：l)solid2)hyphenated3)open簡(jiǎn)答題：whatarethecharacteristicsofcompounds?Whatarethedifferencebetweencompoundsandfreephrases?答案：phoneticfeaturesSemanticfeaturesGrammaticalfeatures最常見(jiàn)的三種詞性：1)Nouncompound2)Adjectivecompounds3)verbcompounds問(wèn)題：在名詞性復(fù)合詞中有哪幾種有多產(chǎn)性，哪兩種不具有多產(chǎn)性？在形容性復(fù)合詞當(dāng)中，哪三類有多產(chǎn)性？動(dòng)詞性復(fù)合詞是靠哪兩種方法復(fù)合在一起的？*名詞解釋:Conversion(重點(diǎn)，還沒(méi)考過(guò))Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.Functionalshift=conversionZero-derivation(選擇或填空要點(diǎn))Adjectivetonoun:(1)fullconversion(2)partialconversion問(wèn)題：形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞分為哪兩類？答案：由Adjectivetoverbs:(1)Transitive⑵Intransitive簡(jiǎn)答題:形容詞變動(dòng)詞的三種類別(沒(méi)考過(guò))問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)你舉出由conjunction變?yōu)閚oun的一個(gè)例子？答案：Ifsandbutsblendingarealsocalledblendsorportmanteauwords(選擇或填空要點(diǎn))問(wèn)題：，blending，分為哪四類合成詞？head+tailhead+headhead+wordword+tail問(wèn)題:絕大多數(shù)blending都是什么詞性？答案：nounsTheoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsarenouns;veryfewareverbsandadjectivesareevenfewer.問(wèn)題：截短法clipping分為哪四類？答案：Therearefourcommontypesofclipping:1)Frontclipping2)BackclippingFrontandbackclippingPhraseclipping要注意clipping的例子有一個(gè)特殊變化：fridge(refrigerator截短之后在i,g中間加一個(gè)d),還有拼寫發(fā)生變化，比如說(shuō)：coke(cocacola)問(wèn)題：什么是acronymy?AcronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofneamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicaltermsAcronymy包含兩類：1)initialisms(不發(fā)音)e.g.BBC,VOA,TB2)acronyms(形成新的發(fā)音)e.g.CORE,TEFLWordsfrompropernames有四大類：1.Namesofpeoplee.g.bobby:Namesofpeople2.Namesofplacese.g.champagne,rugbyNamesofbookse.g.utopiaTradenamese.g.cabal問(wèn)題：以下的詞采用哪種構(gòu)詞法？e.g.diagnosis—?diagnose:（先有診斷的名詞,后有了診斷的動(dòng)詞，這種構(gòu)詞被稱作）backformationbloomers（它的構(gòu)詞法滿足哪一種詞法）：屬于Wordsfrompropernames中的NamesofpeopleVJ-day之這種構(gòu)詞法是由哪一種構(gòu)成的）屬于Initialisms中的AcronymsPop:（采用哪一種構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成的）:clippingSitcom:blendingFORTRAN:head+headBath（名詞） bathe（動(dòng)詞）Bath和bathe存在一種什么關(guān)系？（Conversion）重點(diǎn)句：Conversionisalsoknownasfunctionalshift.問(wèn)題：Noun+v?ing,這類詞構(gòu)成的詞是什么詞？答案：compounding問(wèn)題：Record-breaking,它是屬于復(fù)合法中的哪種？答案：Adjectivescompounds問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)說(shuō)出Adjectivescompounds中多產(chǎn)性強(qiáng)的有幾類？答案：有三類n+v-ingn+an+v-ed問(wèn)題：up-bringing是屬于哪一類構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成的詞？答案：nouncompounds（adv+v-ing）問(wèn)題：復(fù)合詞與自由短語(yǔ)的最大的區(qū)別是什么？答案：區(qū)別也就是復(fù)合詞的特點(diǎn)：PhoneticfeaturesSemanticfeaturesGrammaticalfeatures問(wèn)題：redmeat,greenhorn,它們是復(fù)合詞的哪一個(gè)特點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的詞？答案：Semanticfeatures（也就是從構(gòu)詞上推不出它的涵義）問(wèn)題：Compounding又被稱作什么法？答案：composition問(wèn)題：由compounding或composition構(gòu)成的詞被稱作什么？答案：compounds問(wèn)題：復(fù)合詞分為幾類？分別舉例加以說(shuō)明？答案：分為三類：solid,hyphenated,opensolid:blackmail,blackmarkethyphenated:brother-in-law,open:greenhorn,greenhand問(wèn)題：當(dāng)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞時(shí)分為兒類：Adjectivestoverbs答案：有三類：BothtransitiveandintransitiveOnlytransitiveOnlyintransitive問(wèn)題：由人的行為所造成的結(jié)果進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)類之后，轉(zhuǎn)成了什么詞性？答案：verbtonoune.g.catch問(wèn)題：形容詞可不可以轉(zhuǎn)類，轉(zhuǎn)成名詞分為幾個(gè)類別？答案：分為兩類：fullconversione.g.black,whitepartialconversione.g.therich,thepoor問(wèn)題：名詞再變成名詞分為幾類？分別舉例說(shuō)明？答案：1)Concrete2)abstracte.g.host:(可加-ess變成具體名詞)friend:(加?ship可變成抽象名詞)問(wèn)題：(只作了解)Awordisunityofsoundandmeaning(trueorfalse)答案：true(可從word的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)看出)問(wèn)題：Mostloanedwordsareborrowedfromforeignlanguageswithoutanychangeinsoundandspelling,(trueorfalse).答案：true外來(lái)詞分為四類：Denizense.g.cupfromcuppa,portformportusAliense.g.garage,decorTranslation-loanse.g.longtimenoseeSemantic-loans.e.g.dream判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)題：Conversionmeanstransferofawordfromoneclasstoanther.(trueorfalse)答案：trueTherelationshipbetweenawordsymbolanditsmeaningismostlyarbitraryandconventional.(trueorfalse).答案：trueawordusedindifferentcontextsmaycontrastwithdifferentantonyms.(trueorfalse)答案：trueanallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofmorphemes,(trueorfalse)答題：false重點(diǎn)句：Awordwhichhasmorethanonemeaningcanhavemorethanoneantonym.E.g.fast(fast在不同的語(yǔ)境中對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的概念)選擇題：Chineseisournativelanguage,butwecannotsaytheChineseisour?.a)mothertongueb)firstlanguagec)motherlanguaged)officiallanguage答案：C)mothei*language(不存在的一種說(shuō)法)問(wèn)題：以下的哪一個(gè)詞isnotane