四級閱讀 1課件

READING

COMPREHENSION

CET-4遇到生詞就發(fā)蒙，影響情緒長句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，不知所云不知答案在哪里找，只能草草作答文章讀懂了，但是題目卻做不對時間不夠，文章來不及讀困惑得閱讀者得天下

根源基本功掌握不扎實1對四級考試閱讀題型的特點不夠了解2缺乏對答題技巧的掌握3高質(zhì)量的模擬練習(xí)還不夠4

5缺乏堅定的信念和毅力3.不應(yīng)忽視掌握英語短語。四級英語閱讀中會大量出現(xiàn)短語。有些短語的意思和構(gòu)成該短語的單詞的字面意思相去甚遠，較難掌握，而這又恰恰是考試的重點，因此，熟練掌握考綱規(guī)定的短語也是考生必須具備的能力。

4.適當(dāng)擴充詞匯量。通過課外閱讀英文報刊、瀏覽英文網(wǎng)站，觀看英文電影等方式逐步增加詞匯儲備，經(jīng)過積累會在閱讀時得心應(yīng)手。句法是關(guān)鍵1.環(huán)環(huán)相扣型

指一個長句子有諸多定語從句和同位語或狀語從句環(huán)環(huán)相扣而成。06/2012,CET4

Facebookisahandysite,butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’ttrust.主句同位語從句定語從句Facebook是很方便，但是一想到我的個人信息掌握在我不信任的人手里，我就忐忑不安。

TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.伊頓公學(xué)校長托尼.利特樂警告說，英國現(xiàn)有的教育體系正在毀掉男生，因為當(dāng)前的教育過于關(guān)注女生。基本原則先找主-謂-賓再找定-狀-補閱讀理解選材特點在體裁方面，主要是以實用性強的議論文、說明文、新聞評述、報刊評論為主，來源是英語國家原版報刊或書籍，絕大多數(shù)是評論性文章。在題材方面，篇章閱讀選材非常廣泛，內(nèi)容涉及人文社科類和自然科普類，主要突顯近幾年的社會熱點問題，尤其是西方國家如英、美廣泛關(guān)注的社會話題和熱點問題。閱讀理解五大題源報刊Newsweek《新聞周刊》TheNewYorkTimes《紐約時報》NewScientist《新科學(xué)家》Time《時代周刊》TheWashingtonPost《華盛頓郵報》

篇章閱讀解題步驟第一步：看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞；第二步：讀文章，把握文章大意；第三步：回看題，原文定位答案；第四步：核選項，保證萬無一失。篇章閱讀5種常考題型主旨大意題事實細節(jié)題推理判斷題詞匯語義題觀點態(tài)度題主旨大意題

主旨大意題的目的在于測試考生理解整篇文章或者整個段落的主旨要義，區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息的能力。

根據(jù)問題內(nèi)容的不同，這類問題可分為主題型、標(biāo)題型和目的型。ModelTest1&266.Thepassageiswrittenmainlyto_______

61.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.提問文章的標(biāo)題Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?Thepassagecouldbeentitled…Whichtitlesuitsthispassagebest?解題技巧找主旨句

主旨句體現(xiàn)整篇文章的主題思想，反映作者寫作意圖。說明性及論述性文章中，主旨句常出現(xiàn)在首段第一句或者最后一句；歸納性以及推理性文章中，主旨句一般出現(xiàn)在末段。2.總結(jié)各段落大意并相加有的文章沒有明確的主旨句，這就需要大家在理解各段大意、分析段落之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)出文章所表達的中心思想。

(Para.1)Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.(Para.5)Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.

事實細節(jié)題

事實細節(jié)題是針對文章中的具體細節(jié)或重要信息所涉及的題目。

這類題目一般涉及when,where,what,who,which,why和how內(nèi)容的問題。常見命題方式Thereasonfor…isthat…Accordingtothepassage,why(when,what,who,how,etc.)…Thepurposeof…was…Welearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat…62.ProjectXisintendedforhelpingtheyoungAfricanimmigrantsto_____.63.HowwellthememberslearnintheProjectXprogramisdemonstratedby____.64.WhatdoweknowabouttheImaginationStage?65.Accordingtotheauthor,whatFranckKetchouangwrotewas____.06/2012,CET458.IntheGreatDepressionmanyunhappycoupleschosetosticktogetherbecause_____.59.Inadditiontojoblosses,whatstandsinthewayofunhappycouplesgettingadivorce?12/2011,CET4Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?66.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould___.解題技巧

一般來說此類題的答案均可在文章中找到答案。但是答案的表述常常不是文章中的原話，而是使用同義的詞語或句子進行表述即對原句子改寫。

因此，在回答此類問題時，應(yīng)首先仔細審題畫出關(guān)鍵詞，弄清題目的具體要求，以及所給的四個選項畫出關(guān)鍵詞，再利用關(guān)鍵詞回文章中定位，找出文章中相對應(yīng)的細節(jié)性句子，分別與四個選項進行一一對照，以確定正確答案。掌握命題點

由于這類問題常常涉及時間、地點、人物、數(shù)據(jù)及重要事實中的具體信息，如對于事件或者現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因和結(jié)果等細節(jié)的理解，所以應(yīng)掌握常見的命題點。在閱讀文章的過程中，對重要細節(jié)做出標(biāo)記，可有效提高解題的速度和準(zhǔn)確率。

1.轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折是指由however,nevertheless,but,yet,infact等詞引導(dǎo)出的句子，其前面的內(nèi)容往往只是起鋪墊作用，后面才是作者想要表達的關(guān)鍵信息。06/2010,CET461.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,

statisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.but2.因果與條件因果關(guān)系與條件關(guān)系在聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系中處于重要地位。表因果關(guān)系的詞匯及短語名詞：reason,cause,result,consequence…動詞及動詞短語：cause,resultin,arisefrom,attribute…to,beresponsiblefor,bedueto…連詞、介詞及副詞：because,since,for,as,therefore,so,thus,why,with,consequently…06/2012CET461.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A)Theeconomicrecoverywillseeahigherdivorcerate.B)Fewcouplescanstandthetestofeconomichardships.C)Moneyisthefoundationofmanyahappymarriage.D)Astablefamilyisthebestprotectionagainstpoverty.

Today’seconomiccrisiscouldwellgenerateasimilarnumberofcoupleswhoserelationshipshavebeenirreparablyruined.it’sonlywhentheeconomyishealthyagainthatwe’llbegintoseejusthowmanybrokenfamilieshavebeencreated.So63.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmostFacebookusers?Theycareverylittleabouttheirpersonalinformation.Theyarereluctanttogiveuptheirpersonalinformation.Theydon’tknowtheirpersonaldataenrichesFacebook.Theydon’tidentifythemselveswhenusingthewebsite.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto,theystillhavenoideawhatthey’repayingforFacebook,peopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.because3.對比當(dāng)文章中涉及兩種情況、兩個方面或者兩種態(tài)度時，應(yīng)特別注意理清其中的對比關(guān)系。

常見的結(jié)構(gòu)：more…than,incontrastwith,not…but,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,comparedwith…12/2011,CET464.TheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatinarecession_____.divorceandseparationratesincrease.conflictsbetweencouplestendtorise.itismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitup.couplesshowmoreconcernforeachother.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.06/2012CET458.IntheGreatDepressionmanyunhappycoupleschosetosticktogetherbecause_____.livingseparatelywouldbetoocostlystartinganewfamilywouldbehardtheywantedtobetterprotecttheirkidstheyexpectedthingswouldturnbetter

By1932,whennearlyone-quarteroftheworkforcewasunemployed,thedivorceratehaddeclinedbyaround25%from1929.thisdoesn’tmeanpeopleweresuddenhappierwiththeirmarriages.,withincomesdecreasingandinsecurejobs,unhappycouplesoftencouldn’taffordtodivorce.ButRatherModelTest161.ComparedwiththeU.S.,mostWesternEuropeannations_____.havehigherinfantdeathratesdobetteroninfantdeathratesdomorestudiesonText4babypaylessattentiontoText4baby

CurrentlytheU.S.ranks30thworldwideforinfantdeathrate,accordingtoMeehan,mostWesternEuropeannations.behind

推理判斷題

推理判斷題是對文章的某個句子、段落或整篇文章的含義或言外之意所設(shè)的問題。這類試題的答案在文章中沒有直接的文字表述，難度較大。常見命題方式Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat…Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat…Theauthorsuggeststhat…Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?Whatwouldthenextparagraphprobablydealwith?解題技巧

根據(jù)選項中的關(guān)鍵詞定位至相關(guān)段落或語句，據(jù)其字面意思，進行分析、推理、歸納文章潛在的含義，做出正確合理的判斷。

碰到考查細節(jié)的地方，尤其注意不要以偏概全，不要把文章中的細節(jié)作為結(jié)論，一定要經(jīng)過慎重整理再確定正確答案。06/2011CET459.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

印第安納州立大學(xué)的研究結(jié)果：到學(xué)期末時，不同種族的室友不再住宿在一起的幾率是同為白人的兩位室友的三倍。06/2010,CET466.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapythaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation

techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.

詞匯語義題

詞匯語義題不同于一般的詞匯測試題，它測試考生是否具備推測某個超綱詞或某個短語在特定語境中特定含義的能力。常見命題方式Accordingtotheauthor,theword“…”means…Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword“…”inline…?Whichistheprobabledefinitionoftheword“…”?Inline…thephrase“…”couldbereplacedby…By“…”,theauthorprobablymeans…Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“…”?Inline…theword“…”refersto…解題技巧

1.運用詞匯的同義、反義關(guān)系文中有時出現(xiàn)的thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,namely等往往可以提供生詞的確切含義。另外還可以根據(jù)一些標(biāo)點符號，如破折號、冒號和括號所引出的對前文內(nèi)容的解釋，來理解相關(guān)詞匯或短語的含義。

有時通過上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，如however,but,whereas,ontheotherhand,incontrast,ratherthan,instead等連詞、短語或副詞所提供的相反的信息來確定某個生詞的含義。2.結(jié)合常識，聯(lián)系上下文進行邏輯推理。ModelTest157.Theword“harness”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“____”.takeadvantageofbeindependentofproduceaneffectonexpandtherangeof利用

獨立于給…帶來效果擴大范圍

Theso-calledtext4babycampaignisthefirstfree,healtheducationprogramintheU.S.toharnessthereachofmobilephones,accordingtoitssponsors.06/2011,CET458.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye-theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

“如果你的周圍都是白人學(xué)生，那么你需要證明點什么?！?/p>

-言外之意就是，周圍的白人會激勵黑人學(xué)生去努力學(xué)習(xí)。12/2011,CET463.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown…tobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Line1,Para.2)?Moneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils.Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.Somepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney.

Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Arecentresearchshowargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.(line5,Para.2)

觀點態(tài)度題

觀點態(tài)度題考查考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、寫作方法以及遣詞造句，就作者對于某個問題的觀點、態(tài)度或作品的風(fēng)格做出評價的能力。命題方式Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowards…?Toneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas…Whatisthetoneofthepassage?Whatdoestheauthorthinkof…?Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthor’sopinionabout…?解題技巧作者的觀點態(tài)度詞匯的選擇在很大程度上奠定了文章的基調(diào)，表達出作者的觀點態(tài)度。因此，在解答此類問題時，必須在掌握文章主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上，認真分析作者的措辭，把握文章的語氣，確定作者的觀點態(tài)度。常見的表觀點態(tài)度的詞匯褒義：supportive,positive,approving,favorable,enthusiastic,optimistic,concerned,sympathetic,etc.貶義：negative,critical,ironic,disappointed,depressed,pessimistic,indifferent,etc.中性：subjective,objective,neutral,matter-of-fact,informative,descriptive,etc.06/2009,CET461.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumers