綜合質(zhì)檢作業(yè)

巴黎Paris.一座坐完美和激情相融合的都市Acityofperfectionandpassionand,在它的邊界上onitsborder,一座宮殿有著隱秘謎不為人知的秘密apalacefilledwithsecretsdarkandstrange.命運(yùn)多舛的瑪麗安·托瓦內(nèi)特的絕密書信…Theencryptedlettersoftheill-fatedMarieAntoinette…火槍手們的致命絕技…thedeadlyskillsofthemusketeers...暗殺武器的制作過程andtheinventionofanassassinationmachine.秘密就隱藏在眼前…Secretshiddeninplainsight…盡在凡爾賽宮城堡insidetheChateauofVersailles.每年Everyyear,巴黎郊區(qū)ontheoutskirtsofParis,均有上千萬的游客涌至曾為tenmillionvisitorsflocktoamuseum曾為皇家宮殿的博物館:凡爾賽thatwasoncearoyalpalace:Versailles.在這些房間里Intheserooms,曾統(tǒng)治法國和歐洲大部分國家的君主kingsruledFranceandmuchofEurope…都自稱君權(quán)神授，來降服臣民。byconvincingtheirsubjectstheywereappointedbygod.可稱為劇院的It’satheatre,凡爾賽宮Versailles.它是君主彰顯自己獨(dú)特個性It’saplaceforpermanentshow和皇室權(quán)力的恒久秀場bythekingofhisuniquepersonaandpower.從1682年”太陽王”路易十四占有此宮Fromthearrivalofthe“SunKing”LouistheFourteenthin1682,直到17891879年法國大革命打響之前untilthebeginningoftheFrenchRevolutionin1789,凡爾賽都是整個國家的中心Versailleswastheepicentreofthenation.在這里Here,法國君主珍藏了無數(shù)稀世珍寶themonarchsofFrancecommissionedexquisitetreasures…生出了美麗的子嗣后裔madebeautifulbabies…并開始了血腥戰(zhàn)爭andstartedbloodywars.這個莊嚴(yán)的畫廊被譽(yù)為戰(zhàn)爭廳ThissolemngalleryisknownastheHallofBattles.這里展示了許多法國軍團(tuán)ManyFrenchregimentsarerepresentedhere,許多也流傳至今includingsomethatstillexisttoday.但是這種制服只流傳了幾十年Butthisuniformwasonlywornforafewdecades.制服上有火槍手的白色十字標(biāo)記IthasthewhitecrossoftheMusketeer.電影中Inthemovies,一群隨遇而安的火槍手開始了一場探險之旅theMusketeersarehappy-go-luckywarriorsoffonanadventure.波爾多斯Porthos,阿多斯Athos,阿拉米斯Aramis,尚有年輕的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂在一片歡andtheyoungD’Artagnanthrustandparry在一片歡呼聲中獲得了勝利theirwaytovictorywithacryof…我為人人oneforall,人人為我andallforone.但是什么是火槍手呢ButwhatwasitreallyliketobeaMusketeer?這就是我們博物館之謎Thatisourmuseumsecret.故事來源于17世紀(jì)的沃子爵府邸Thestorybeginsatthe17thCenturyChateauVaux-le-Vicomte,法國國王路易十四參與奢華派對時whereLouistheFourteenthattendedlavishparties,隨行的就是火槍手accompaniedbyhisMusketeers.這些現(xiàn)代劍客是火槍手歷史和ThesemodernswordsmenareexpertsintheMusketeers’history決斗技巧方面的專家andfightingtechnique.現(xiàn)今她們批準(zhǔn)培訓(xùn)新人Andtodaytheyhaveagreedtotrainanewrecruit.你好!Hello!歡迎來到我的擊劍室Welcometomyfencingroom!羅伯:非常感謝Rob:Thankyouverymuch,我叫羅伯I’mRob.見到你很開心Nicetomeetyou.我是米歇爾…Michel…羅伯特·邁爾斯在三個火槍手中RobertMylesisanactorwho’sgoingtoplayD’Artagnan扮演達(dá)達(dá)尼昂intheThreeMusketeers.羅伯:今天要學(xué)點(diǎn)什么呢Rob:Sowhatarewegoingtobedoingtodaythen?米歇爾:我們要學(xué)習(xí)如何像火槍手同樣打斗Michel:We’regoingtolearnhowtofightlikeaMusketeer!哦Ah,聽起來不錯soundsgoodtome.在這里作為一名英國演員TobehereasaBritishactor,和這些法國人對決fightingtheseFrench,她們都是擂臺格斗賽的前世界冠軍formerworldchampionstagecombatfighters,這樣的機(jī)會不多見youdon’tgetopportunitieslikethatveryoften,說實(shí)話tobehonest,我真的特別但愿我能充足好好運(yùn)用好這次機(jī)會andI’mreallyhopingthatIcanmakethemostofit.羅伯也但愿能學(xué)習(xí)到Robalsohopestolearnsomethingabout火槍手作為常人的一面theMusketeersaspeople.事實(shí)上達(dá)達(dá)尼昂的虛構(gòu)形象ItturnsoutthatthefictionalD’Artagnan來源于加斯科涅歷史上的一位貴族wasbasedonarealnoblemanfromGascony,這個地方以盛產(chǎn)熱血勇士聞名aregionfamedforproducingfierywarriors.達(dá)達(dá)尼昂作為一種一般人是什么樣的WhatabouttheattitudeofD’Artagnanasaperson?她喜歡打斗嗎Didhelikefighting?她打斗與否由于她迫不得已Didhedoitbecausehehadto?我是達(dá)達(dá)尼昂IamD’Artagnan.你是達(dá)達(dá)尼昂YouareD’Artagnan,好吧okay.如果我這樣做…IfIdothis…好吧Okay,那她是喜歡爭斗sohewantstofight.是的Yes,很易怒非常易怒quicktoanger.Veryquicktoanger.好Okay,這是條好新聞that’sgoodstufftoknow.是不是和她的家鄉(xiāng)有關(guān)Andisthatbecauseofwherehecomesfrom?與否能看出加斯科涅的痕跡IsthataGascontrait?噢Oh,好吧okay.我明白了Isee.現(xiàn)實(shí)中Inreality,同電影中呈現(xiàn)的同樣asinthemovies,火槍手們被訓(xùn)煉練成了讓人聞風(fēng)喪膽的劍客Musketeerstrainedtobedeadlyswordsmen.打到了我這里Gotmethere.絕對是個錯誤害我性命不保Absolutelymadeamistakeanditcostmemylife.好萊塢的火槍手Hollywood’sMusketeers和紅衣主教的教徒爭斗sparwiththeCardinal’smen多數(shù)只是了為了引人發(fā)笑andtheirexploitsareoftenplayedforlaughs.真正的火槍手有更嚴(yán)肅的使命TherealMusketeershadamoreseriousmission.她們制服上的十字架代表著她們的圣召Thecrossesontheiruniformssymbolizedtheirholycalling.她們是君主的護(hù)衛(wèi)Theyweretheking’sbodyguards,也就是上帝的護(hù)衛(wèi)whichmadethemgod’sbodyguards.每一種火槍手都宣誓用生命EveryMusketeersworetoprotect保護(hù)神王的安危hisgod-kingwithhislife.當(dāng)君主參與社交活動時Whenthekingattendedsocialfunctions,像城堡的派對liketheonesatthischateau,她收受到潛在刺客的威脅hefacedpotentialthreatsfromassassins.她的火槍手隨時Atanysecond,她的火槍手都將受到考驗(yàn)hisMusketeersmightbeputtothetest.阿拉米斯Aramis,無論如何whateveryoudo,不要?dú)⑺齞on’tkillhim!我來告訴你如何成為一名火槍手I’llshowyouhowtobeaMusketeer.這是我爸爸的劍Thisismyfather’ssword!要想扮演真正的火槍手ToreallyplayaMusketeerasisrequired,并符合公眾心中的形象andasthepublicpicturesit,羅伯需要更加兇猛的招式和無窮的能量Robneedstohavemoredramaticmovementsandenergy.但我不緊張ButI’mnotworried,我覺得她會成為一名優(yōu)秀的火槍手Ithinkhewillmakeagoodmusketeerif,再來一次onceagain,我們來教她加斯科涅的技巧weteachhimthetechniquefromGascony.羅伯開始覺得火槍手的畢生其樂無窮Robisstartingtothinkthatthelifeofamusketeerwouldhavebeengreatfun,就像電影里演的同樣justlikeinthemovies.我為人人人人為我(法語)Unpourtous!(Oneforallandallforone!)但她不懂得的是Butwhathedoesn’tknowisthat當(dāng)路易十四宣戰(zhàn)的時候whenLouistheFourteenthdeclaredwar,一切都變了everythingchanged.為理解狀況Tounderstandwhathappened,羅伯參觀了凡爾賽的戰(zhàn)爭廳RobvisitsVersailles’HallofBattles拜訪了歷史學(xué)家哈爾維·德維拉tomeethistorian,HervéDrévillon.她們的使命Theirmission,一方面first,是保護(hù)國王的安全wastoprotecttheking'slife.但是她們的使命也涉及參戰(zhàn)Buttheyalsohadthemissiontofightinbattles.在她們的旗幟上Ontheirflag,你能看到一枚炸彈正在墜落youcanseeabombfalling.她們的標(biāo)語是Andthemottowas“所經(jīng)之地所向披靡”"Wheretheyfall,thedeathisrunningwiththem."我明白了Isee.好的Okay.好吧Right.是這樣Yes.就是只要她們浮現(xiàn)…Sowherevertheygo...就會所向披靡deathfollowswiththem.是的Right.哇Wow.真是圣言Biblical.作為國王的護(hù)衛(wèi)Astheking’smen,人們盼望她們是最勇敢theywereexpectedtobethebravest–最能引領(lǐng)人們的領(lǐng)袖andtheonestoleadthecharge.她們常常被稱為敢死隊(duì)Theywereoftencalledenfantsperdus,迷失的孩子lostchildren.迷失的孩子?Lostchildren?真的嗎Really?是的Yes.她們被這樣稱呼Theywerecalledso是由于在戰(zhàn)爭中有非常高的死亡率becausetherewasaveryhighrateoflossesduringthefight.電影中Inthemovies,達(dá)達(dá)尼昂最后完畢了自己的使命thestoryendswithD’Artagnanreceivinghiscommission…成為了真正的火槍手andamusket.現(xiàn)實(shí)中Inreallife,達(dá)達(dá)尼昂被火槍擊中喉嚨D’Artagnangotamusket-ballthroughthethroat死于戰(zhàn)場anddiedonthebattlefield.諸多的火槍手在保衛(wèi)神王的戰(zhàn)斗中死去Somanymusketeerswerelostdefendingtheir‘god-king’而路易十四最后裁減了這支軍團(tuán)thatLouistheFourteenthretiredthenameofthecompany.說到這Comingintothis,很顯然obviously,僅從流行文化中理解達(dá)達(dá)尼昂是不夠的withonlyanunderstandingofD'Artagnanfrompopculture,我確信自己目前能呈現(xiàn)不同樣的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂it'sreallyshownmehowIcanmaybedoitdifferently或許打破我來這之前的想法andperhapschangetheperformance做出不同的表演thatIwasintendingtogivepriortocominghere.一種黑暗的Adarker,勵志的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂或許是時勢所需…grittierD’Artagnanmaybejustwhatisneeded…帶領(lǐng)火槍手走向新時代torevivetheMusketeerfranchiseforanewgeneration.接下來是…Upnext–國王情婦的神秘之死themysteriousdeathofaking’smistress.在凡爾賽宮AtthePalaceofVersailles,法國國王基于鞏固政治同盟的需要來選擇妻子thekingsofFrancechosetheirwivestoenhancepoliticalalliances并選擇王位繼承人andproduceheirstothethrone.但是為了愛情和肉體歡愉Butforlove,andforsexualpleasure,國王將目光投向了…kingslookedelsewhere…宮廷外的女子totheladies-in-waitingoftheircourt.法國歷史上最出名的凡爾賽宮情婦…SomeofthemostfamousmistressesinFrenchhistorygracedVersailles–蓬巴杜夫人MadamedePompadour,杜巴麗夫人MadameduBarry,和路易斯第十四的蒙特斯潘夫人andLouistheFourteenth’sMadamedeMontespan.蒙特斯潘夫人是當(dāng)時擁有絕頂智慧和美貌的女子Shewasenormouslycleverandthegreatestbeautyofhergeneration.她富有激情Shewasextremelypassionate,光彩奪人extremelyglamorous.賭博時猶如酩酊大醉的士兵Shegambledlikeadrunkensoldier行床第笫之事時猶如巴黎的放蕩女a(chǎn)ndmadelovelikeaParisianwhore.她的個性非常鮮明Shewasreallyaquiteextraordinarycharacter.作為國王的情婦Anditwasn'tconsideredatallscandalous并不被覺得是可恥的行徑tobetheloveroftheking.私生子不可避免Theinevitableillegitimatechildren國王的多情suchliaisonsproduced被視為男性氣概werewelcomedasproofofaking’svirility.但有一段時間Buttherewasatime情婦的身份是可恥的whenitwasscandaloustobeamistress.在動亂的十五世紀(jì)Intheturbulent15thCentury,法國大部分地區(qū)被英國侵占muchofFrancewasoccupiedbytheEnglish.法國國王TheFrenchKing,查理七世CharlestheSeventh,被迫同她的王庭一起wasforcedtofleewithhiscourt從巴黎逃到了盧瓦爾河谷fromParistotheLoirevalley.雖然查理有妻兒AlthoughCharleshadawifeandchildren,但她為此外一位女子所傾倒hewastransfixedbythearrivalofanewlady這名女子叫阿涅絲·索蕾inwaitingnamedAgnesSorel.查理帶阿涅絲上了她的床CharlestookAgnestohisbed.但是當(dāng)了國王6六年的情婦后Butafter6yearsastheking’smistress,這位年輕的女子忽然身亡死因不明theyoungwomandroppeddeadofunknowncauses.阿涅絲·索蕾究竟怎么死的HowdidAgnesSoreldie?有留下證明其死因的證據(jù)嗎?Anddidsheleaveamarkonhistory?這些就是我們的博物館之謎Thoseareourmuseumsecrets.在今天的法國InFrancetoday,法醫(yī)界的古病理學(xué)家thereisnohistorydetectivemoreaccomplished菲利浦·查理thanforensicpaleo-pathologist,是還原歷史的最佳人選PhilippeCharlier.我的工作是進(jìn)行法醫(yī)尸檢Myjobisdoingforensicautopsies.因此我必須采集所有的樣品SoIhavetotakeallthesesamples,進(jìn)行分析以調(diào)查死因toanalyzetheminordertosaywhatisthecauseofdeath,死亡發(fā)生時的周邊環(huán)境是什么樣whatisthecircumstancesofdeath,死亡方式themannerofdeath.我就像醫(yī)生同樣I'mlikeadoctor,但是一名”太晚”的醫(yī)生buta"toolate"doctor.近來Recently,查理到理徹斯小鎮(zhèn)CharlierwenttothetownofLoches來調(diào)查阿涅絲·索蕾的死因toinvestigatethedeathofAgnesSorel.有人猜想她最后的停留位置就是在小鎮(zhèn)的Somesuspectedthatherfinalrestingplacewashere,這座中世紀(jì)教堂里inthismedievalchurch.圣壇旁邊Besidethealtar是一副石棺thereisasarcophagus上有一種帶翅膀的天使withthewingsofanangel一行小字寫著”美麗女子”andaninscriptionthatreads“thewomanofbeauty.”因此我們想進(jìn)行尸檢Sowewantedtoexhumethebody,檢查尸體的殘留物orwhatremainofthebody,一方面擬定這個物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)andtofirstconfirmtheidentityofthisindividualthentry,再有也許的話ifpossible,查明這個女子的死因tofindthecauseofdeathforthiswoman.埋葬的骨灰盒里是一種人類頭骨。Theburialurncontainedahumanskull.牙齒分析表白死者是一名年輕女性Analysisoftheteethrevealeditwasthatofayoungwoman.面部特性與阿涅絲·索蕾安吉里斯·索瑞爾相符AndfacialreconstructionmatchedthelikenessofAgnesSorel.她的石棺埋葬在城堡的附近Hercoffinisnextdoortothecastle也是她度過她生命最后幾年的地方whereshespentthelastyearsofherlife.在這里Here,她給查理國王生了三個子女sheboreKingCharlesthreechildren,也在潮流發(fā)展史上綻放了自己的光彩andalsomadehermarkonthehistoryoffashion.她身穿非常有名的蕾絲裙子Sheworeoneofthesefamouslacedresses凸顯了她得天獨(dú)厚的身材thatallowedhertoshowoffhermagnificentbosom.阿涅絲把此前妓女的打扮風(fēng)格帶到了宮廷Agnesbroughtastyleformerlyreservedforprostitutestotheking’scourt.但她不是單純的花瓶Butshewasn’tjusteyecandy.她對政治有著強(qiáng)烈的愛好Shetookakeeninterestinpolitics.阿涅絲理解到法國同英國的戰(zhàn)爭前景堪憂AgneslearnedthatthewarwiththeEnglishwasgoingbadly,由于她最愛的國王為了支付軍隊(duì)費(fèi)用花光了錢becauseherbelovedkinghadrunoutofmoney支付軍隊(duì)費(fèi)用花光了錢topayhistroops.她用自身魅力說服有錢的貴族增援國王Sheusedherconsiderablecharmtoconvincerichnoblestobacktheking.運(yùn)用美貌的優(yōu)勢Withouttakingundueadvantageofherstunninglooks,她資助了查理七世的軍隊(duì)shemadeitpossibleforCharlesVIItofinancehiscampaign.有了這些資源Withtheseresources,查理打敗了英國CharlesdefeatedtheEnglish保衛(wèi)了邊境的安寧andsecuredhisborders.為向阿涅絲表達(dá)感謝ToshowAgneshisappreciation,查理做出了法國君主從沒有過的舉動thekingdidsomethingnoFrenchkinghaddonebefore:她封阿涅絲為”皇室情婦”Hemadeherhis‘officialmistress’.這名皇室情婦在宮廷里立即上任Theofficialmistresswaseffectivelyajobatcourt.她有自己的寢殿Shewouldhaveherownapartment.她有自己的仆人Shewouldhaveherownservants.她有權(quán)接見拜訪Shewouldreceivevisitsinherownright猶如宮廷里其她權(quán)貴同樣asasignificantmemberofthecourt.教廷高層非常震驚Churchelderswerehorrified卑微的情婦居然擁有如此高的地位thatameremistressshouldbegivensuchhighstatus.查理未受嚇唬Undeterred,她做出了更讓人出乎意料的舉動Charleswentonestepfurther:她公開體現(xiàn)了對阿涅絲的愛意heshowedhisloveforAgnes讓她們的子嗣合法化bymakingtheirchildrenlegitimate.這個舉動激怒了查理的長子ThisinfuriatedCharles’eldestson,她緊張這會威脅到她的王位繼承whofearedthechildrenwouldonedaythreatenhisclaimtothethrone.有也許就是這些人想措施想要除掉她她Itispossiblethatthesepeoplethoughtofwaystogetridofher.她的敵人有理由置她于死地Herenemieshadreasonstowantherdead.但是要發(fā)現(xiàn)她被謀殺的證據(jù)Buttodiscoverproofthatshewasmurdered,菲利普·查理菲利浦·查理需要通過尸檢Dr.PhilippeCharlierneededtodeterminehercauseofdeath,來擬定她的死因byexaminingthephysicalevidence.我們發(fā)既有大量的蟲卵和寄生蟲Wefoundalotofeggsandalotofparasites殘留在她的體內(nèi)insidetheremainsofthebody.查理還檢測出少量的汞Charlieralsodetectedsmallamountsofmercury.為什么會有汞Whymercury?我們懂得汞的用途W(wǎng)eknowthatmercurywasused在這個時期durin