思科網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)之8TCP IP協(xié)議課件

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Chapter8InterconnectingNetworkswithTCP/IPChapter8InterconnectingNetwoUponcompletionofthischapteryouwillbeabletoperformthefollowingtasks:IdentifytheIPprotocolstack,itsprotocollayer functions,andcommonlyusedIPprotocolsIdentifyIPaddressclasses,IPaddresses,IPsubnet masks,IPnetworknumbers,subnetnumbers,and possiblehostnumbers.ConfigureIPaddressesandsubnetmasksona routerinterfaceandoptionallyconfigureahosttable.InterconnecttheVLANswithalayerthreedevice suchasarouteronastick.

ObjectivesUponcompletionofthischapteEarlyprotocolsuiteUniversalIntroductiontoTCP/IPHostInternetTCP/IPHostEarlyprotocolsuiteIntroductiTCP/IPProtocolStackApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDataLinkPhysicalApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalIOSTCP/IPTCP/IPProtocolStackApplicatiApplicationLayerOverview*UsedbytherouterApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalFileTransfer -TFTP* -FTP* -NFSE-Mail -SMTPRemoteLogin -Telnet* -rlogin*NetworkManagement -SNMP*NameManagement -DNS*ApplicationLayerOverview*UseTransportLayerOverviewTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)ApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalConnection-Oriented

Connectionless

TransportLayerOverviewTransmTCPSegmentFormatSourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Sequencenumber(32)Header

length(4)Acknowledgementnumber(32)Reserved(6)Codebits(6)Window(16)Checksum(16)Urgent(16)Options(0or32ifany)Data(varies)20

BytesBit0Bit15Bit16Bit31TCPSegmentFormatSourceportPortNumbersTCPPort

NumbersF

PTransport

LayerT

PUDPApplication

Layer2123255369161R

P520PortNumbersTCPPort

NumbersF

TCPPortNumbersSourcePortDest.Port…HostA102823…SPDPHostZTelnetZDest.port=23.

SendpackettomyTelnet

application.TCPPortNumbersSourceDest.…HoSendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)Established(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)HostAHostB123SYNreceivedTCPThreeWayHandshake/OpenConnectionSendSYNSYNreceivedSendSYN,TCPSimpleAcknowledgmentWindowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3TCPSimpleAcknowledgmentWindoWindowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3ReceiveACK4SendACK4TCPSimpleAcknowledgmentWindowsize=1SenderReceivTCPSequenceand

AcknowledgmentNumbersSourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.Ijustgot#11,nowIneed#12.Ijustsent#11.TCPSequenceand

AcknowledgmeWindowsize=3Send2TCPWindowingSenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedWindowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ACK5Windowsize=2ReceiverWindowsize=3TCPWindowingSeNosequenceoracknowledgmentfieldsUDPSegmentFormatSourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Length(16)Data(ifany)1Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31Checksum(16)8

BytesNosequenceoracknowledgmentInternetLayerOverviewOSInetworklayercorrespondstothe

TCP/IPinternetlayerInternetProtocol(IP)InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol(RARP)ApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalInternetLayerOverviewOSInetIPDatagramVersion

(4)DestinationIPAddress(32)Options(0or32ifany)Data(variesifany)1Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31Header

Length(4)Priority&Type

ofService(8)TotalLength(16)Identification(16)Flags

(3)Fragmentoffset(13)Timetolive(8)Protocol(8)Headerchecksum(16)SourceIPAddress(32)20

BytesIPDatagramVersion

(4)DestinatDeterminesdestinationupper-layerprotocolProtocolFieldTransport

LayerInternet

LayerTCPUDPProtocol

NumbersIP176Determinesdestinationupper-lInternetControlMessage

ProtocolApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalDestination

UnreachableEcho(Ping)OtherICMP1Protocolfld=1InternetControlMessage

ProtAddressResolutionProtocolMapIP EthernetLocalARPIP:Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:=???Iheardthatbroadcast.Themessageisforme.HereismyEthernetaddress.IneedtheEthernetaddressof.AddressResolutionProtocolMapReverseARPMapEthernet IPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.ReverseARPMapEthernetUniqueaddressingallowscommunication

betweenendstationsPathchoiceisbasedonlocationLocationisrepresentedbyanaddressIntroductiontoTCP/IPAddressesSADAHDRDATAUniqueaddressingallowscommuIPAddressing

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

11111111

10101100

00010000

01111010

11001100Binary32bits

172

122

204Example

DecimalExample

Binary1891617242532128

128

IPAddressing255255255255DoClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD: MulticastClassE:ResearchIPAddressClassesNetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8bits8bits8bits8bitsClassA:IPAddressClassesNeIPAddressClasses1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110MMMMMulticastGroupMulticastGroupMulticastGroup891617242532Range(224-239)IPAddressClasses1ClassA:BitHostAddresses02118E1172.161212NetworkHost..NetworkInterfaceE0E1RoutingTableE0HostAddresses172.16

11111111DeterminingAvailableHostAddresses172

1600

10101100

00010000

00000000

0000000016

NetworkHost

00000000

00000001

11111111

11111110......

00000000

00000011

11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=6553411111111DeterminingAvailableIPAddressClassesExerciseAnswersAddressClassNetworkHost004620ABCCBNonexistent0046IPAddressClassesExerciseAnNetworkAddressingwithoutSubnets…...5354NetworkAdNetworkAddressingwithSubnetsNetworkAddressingwSubnetAddressing00600050E0172.16NetworkNetworkInterfaceE0E1NewRoutingTable2160Host..E1SubnetAddressing001SubnetAddressing00600050E0E1172.162160NetworkHost..NetworkInterfaceE0E1NewRoutingTableSubnetSubnetAddressing001SubnetMask1721600255255002552552550IP

AddressDefault

Subnet

Mask8-bit

Subnet

MaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHostAlsowrittenas“/16”where16representsthenumberof1sinthemask.Alsowrittenas“/24”where24representsthenumberof1sinthemask.11111111111111110000000000000000SubnetMask1721600255255002552DecimalEquivalentsofBitPatterns1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1281 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1921 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 2241 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 2401 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 2481 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 2521 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 2541 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1DecimalEquivalentsofBitPat16NetworkHost172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000Subnetsnotinuse—thedefault00000010SubnetMaskwithoutSubnets60

Network

Number16NetworkHost17200101011001111NetworknumberextendedbyeightbitsSubnetMaskwithSubnets16NetworkHost6017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010SubnetNetwork

Number128192224240248252254255NetworknumberextendedbyeigSubnetMaskwithSubnets(cont.)NetworkHost6092101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010SubnetNetworknumberextendedbytenbits161722128Network

Number128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255SubnetMaskwithSubnets(contSubnetMaskExerciseAnswersAddressSubnetMaskClassSubnet002BAASubnetMaskExerciseAnswersAdBroadcastAddresses55(Directedbroadcast)55(Localnetworkbroadcast)X55(Allsubnetsbroadcast)BroadcastAddresses1AddressingSummaryExample16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609241AddressingSummaryExample1617AddressingSummaryExample1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921237161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234567161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212345678161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010AddressingSummaryExample101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609228912990123456789161722160AddressingSummaryExample1010IPHostAddress: 21SubnetMask:SubnetAddress=HostAddresses=–54BroadcastAddress=55EightbitsofsubnettingNetworkSubnetHost1010110000010000000000101111111121::1010110011111111Subnet:10101100000100000001000011111111000000100000001011111111011110010000000000000000ClassBSubnetExampleBroadcast:NetworkIPHostAddress: 21SSubnetPlanningOthersubnets62820subnets5hostspersubnetClassCaddress:

SubnetPlanningOther192.168.511111000IPHostAddress: 21SubnetMask:48NetworkSubnetHost21:1100000011111111Subnet:11000000101010001010100011111111000001010000010111111111011110010111100048:ClassCSubnetPlanningExampleSubnetAddress=20HostAddresses=21–26BroadcastAddress=27FiveBitsofSubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetwork1100000010101000000001010111111111111000IPHostAddress: 192.1BroadcastAddressesExerciseAnswers27AddressClassSubnetBroadcast048C36SubnetMask

A55352B52728BBroadcastAddressesExerciseASwitchIPAddressConfigurationAssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonaswitchSwitch(config)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskSwitch(config)#ipdefault-gatewayip-addressSpecifiesadefaultgatewaySwitchIPAddressConfiguratioRouterIPAddressConfigurationAssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonarouterinterfaceRouter(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskRouterIPAddressConfiguratioRouterIPAddressConfigurationRouter(config-line)#ipnetmask-format

{bitcount|decimal|hexadecimal}

Setsformatofnetworkmaskfora

specificlineRouter#termipnetmask-format{bitcount|

decimal|hexadecimal}Setsdisplayformatofnetworkmaskfor

currentsessionRouterIPAddressConfiguratioDefinesstatichostnametoIPaddressmappingHosts/interfacesselectablebynameorIPaddressRouterIPHostNamesRouter(config)#iphostname[tcp-port-number]

address[address]iphostNorineiphostRogerDefinesstatichostnametoIPSpecifiesoneormorehoststhatsupply

hostnametologicaladdressresolutionRouterNameServerConfigurationRouter(config)#ipname-serverserver-address1

[[server-address2]...[server-address6]]DNSServerSpecifiesoneormorehoststhDNSenabledbydefaultRouterNameSystemRouter(config)#ipdomain-lookupRouter(config)#endRouter#patTranslating”pat"...domainserver(55)%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#configtRouter(config)#noipdomain-lookupRouter(config)#endRouter#patTranslating”pat"%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#DNSenabledbydefaultRouterNRouterDisplayHostNamesRouter#showhostsDefaultdomainisnotsetName/addresslookupusesdomainserviceNameserversare55HostFlagsAgeTypeAddress(es)Norine(perm,OK)0IP00Roger(perm,OK)0IP01Frank(perm,OK)0IP00Bob(perm,OK)0IP01ShowsthehosttableRouterDisplayHostNamesRouteVLANtoVLANOverviewVLAN1VLAN2ISLNetworklayerdevicescombinemultiplebroadcastdomainsRouteron

astickApplicationTCPIPISLEthernetFast

E0/0VLANtoVLANOverviewVLAN1VLADividingaPhysicalInterfaceintoSubinterfacesFastEthernet0/0FastEthernet0/0.2FastEthernet0/0.3FastEthernet0/0.1PhysicalinterfacescanbedividedintomultiplesubinterfacesDividingaPhysicalInterfaceISLEncapsulationEnablesISLonasubinterfaceRouter(config-subif)#encapsulationisldomainISLEncapsulationEnablesISLoRoutingBetweenVLANsVLAN1VLAN2ISLinterfacefastethernet0/0

noipaddress

interfacefastethernet0/0.1

ipaddress

encapsulationisl1

interfacefastethernet0/0.2

ipaddress

encapsulationisl2Fast

E0/0RoutingBetweenVLANsVLAN1VLARoutingBetweenWANSISLinterfaceSerial0

ipaddressApplicationTCPIPHDLCSerialS0VLAN1VLAN2RoutingBetweenWANSISLinterfaSummaryAftercompletingthischapter,youshouldbeabletoperformthefollowingtasks:IdentifytheTCP/IPprotocolstackandthefunctionsofeachlayerSeparateanIPaddressintoitssubcomponents:thenetwork,subnet,andhostportionsConfigureIPaddressesonCiscorouterandswitchinterfacesInterconnectVLANsusingalayerthreedevicesuchasa“routeronastick”SummaryAftercompletingthiscReviewQuestions1.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheTCPand UDPtransportlayerprotocols?2.GivenahostwithIPaddress, 40,howmanyotherhostscan youhaveinthatnetwork?3.Whatisrequiredtointerconnectseparate VLANs?ReviewQuestions1.WhatistheChapter8InterconnectingNetworkswithTCP/IPChapter8InterconnectingNetwoUponcompletionofthischapteryouwillbeabletoperformthefollowingtasks:IdentifytheIPprotocolstack,itsprotocollayer functions,andcommonlyusedIPprotocolsIdentifyIPaddressclasses,IPaddresses,IPsubnet masks,IPnetworknumbers,subnetnumbers,and possiblehostnumbers.ConfigureIPaddressesandsubnetmasksona routerinterfaceandoptionallyconfigureahosttable.InterconnecttheVLANswithalayerthreedevice suchasarouteronastick.

Connectionless

TransportLayerOverviewTransmTCPSegmentFormatSourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Sequencenumber(32)Header

length(4)Acknowledgementnumber(32)Reserved(6)Codebits(6)Window(16)Checksum(16)Urgent(16)Options(0or32ifany)Data(varies)20

BytesBit0Bit15Bit16Bit31TCPSegmentFormatSourceportPortNumbersTCPPort

NumbersF

PTransport

LayerT

PUDPApplication

Layer2123255369161R

P520PortNumbersTCPPort

NumbersF

TCPPortNumbersSourcePortDest.Port…HostA102823…SPDPHostZTelnetZDest.port=23.

SendpackettomyTelnet

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3TCPSimpleAcknowledgmentWindoWindowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3ReceiveACK4SendACK4TCPSimpleAcknowledgmentWindowsize=1SenderReceivTCPSequenceand

AcknowledgmeWindowsize=3Send2TCPWindowingSenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

BytesNosequenceoracknowledgmentInternetLayerOverviewOSInetworklayercorrespondstothe

(4)DestinationIPAddress(32)Options(0or32ifany)Data(variesifany)1Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31Header

Length(4)Priority&Type

ofService(8)TotalLength(16)Identification(16)Flags

(3)Fragmentoffset(13)Timetolive(8)Protocol(8)Headerchecksum(16)SourceIPAddress(32)20

BytesIPDatagramVersion

(4)DestinatDeterminesdestinationupper-layerprotocolProtocolFieldTransport

LayerInternet

LayerTCPUDPProtocol

NumbersIP176Determinesdestinationupper-lInternetControlMessage

ProtocolApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalDestination

UnreachableEcho(Ping)OtherICMP1Protocolfld=1InternetControlMessage

betweenendstationsPathchoiceisbasedonlocationLocationisrepresentedbyanaddressIntroductiontoTCP/IPAddressesSADAHDRDATAUniqueaddressingallowscommuIPAddressing

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

11111111

10101100

00010000

01111010

11001100Binary32bits

172

122

204Example

DecimalExample

Binary1891617242532128

128

11111111DeterminingAvailableHostAddresses172

1600

10101100

00010000

00000000

0000000016

NetworkHost

00000000

00000001

11111111

11111110......

00000000

00000011

AddressDefault

Subnet

Mask8-bit

Subnet

Network

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思科網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)之8TCP IP協(xié)議課件

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