英語名詞性從句知識歸納

英語名詞性從句知識歸納英語名詞性從句知識歸納英語名詞性從句知識歸納xxx公司英語名詞性從句知識歸納文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度名詞性從句知識歸納名詞性從句是指在句子中相當于名詞的從句，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句不是修飾性從句，而是復合句中的主干。.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.（主語從句）Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.（賓語從句）Thequestionishowwecanfinishitontime.（表語從句）ThefactthatsomeChinesearestillpoorisreallyagreatproblem.（同位語從句）名詞性從句的連接詞：從句有無疑問含義是否有含義連接詞的作用是否引導從句是否可省略是否充當從句中的成分充當從句中的哪種成分連接詞=1\*ROMANIthat無無是一般可以否無if（只用于賓語從句中）,whether有“是否”是否否無asif/asthoughbecause（只用于表語從句中）無“好像”“因為”是否否無=2\*ROMANIIwhat,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever有“什么，誰，哪個，誰的”，“任何事，任何人，任意哪個”是否是主語，賓語，表語，定語=3\*ROMANIIIwhen,where,why,how,whenever,wherever有“什么時候，地點，為什么，怎樣”，“無論什么時候，無論哪里”是否是狀語一、賓語從句---及物動詞、介詞、部分形容詞（certain,sure,glad,afraid,frightened,happy,pleased,sad,sorry,surprised,upset,satisfied等）后.Ibelieve(that)heishonest.(that不充當從句內(nèi)的任何成分，一般情況可省略)I’mgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.(that不充當從句內(nèi)的任何成分)Hedoesn’tcareif/whetheritisn’tafineday.(if/whether不充當從句內(nèi)的任何成分)Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.(what充當從句內(nèi)的賓語)Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.(how充當從句內(nèi)的狀語)Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.(whatever充當從句內(nèi)的賓語，意為“任何事”)I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.(whoever從當從句內(nèi)的主語，意為“任何人”)【賓語從句要點拓展】1.that引導賓語從句時一般可以省略，若由and或or連接兩個賓語從句時，第一個從句中的that可以省略，而第二個分句前的that不可省略。.Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.2.whether和if引導賓語從句一般可以互換使用，但以下情況只能使用whether(1)whether可與ornot連用.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillseethefilmornot.(2)介詞賓語從句要用whether.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.(3)that引導的賓語從句只能放于in,except,besides和but四個介詞后.TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.3.轉(zhuǎn)移否定---當主句是I/Wethink(believe,consider,expect,suppose,guess,imagine)時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把從句中的否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。.Idon’tsuppose(that)itishisfault,isit4.時態(tài)問題---賓語從句的時態(tài)常受到主句時態(tài)影響，若主句是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何所需要的時態(tài)；若主句是過去時態(tài)，從句一般用過去的某種形式，如：一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。.Iknow(that)hedidn’ttellyouwhathewouldcomethen.Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmericaTheteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.5.一種特殊類型的賓語從句---在這種句子里doyouthink等意為插入語，但實為主句，因此余下部分應用陳述語序Wh-+doyouthink/believe/consider/suppose/guess/suggest/feel/say+余下部分.WheredoyouguessourartfestivalistobeheldWhodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear二、主語從句---位于句首，常用it做形式主語.Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.(that不充當從句內(nèi)的任何成分，不可省略)Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(whether不充當從句內(nèi)的任何成分，不能用if)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充當從句內(nèi)的賓語)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.(who充當從句內(nèi)的主語)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(where充當從句內(nèi)的狀語)Whateverhesaidwasright.(whatever充當從句內(nèi)的賓語)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(it為形式主語，代替how引導的主語從句)【主語從句要點拓展】1.it做形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/nowonder/commonsense/goodnewsthat…遺憾的是（榮耀的是、事實是、難怪是、常識是，好消息是……）.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.(2)It’sclear/right/true/certain/necessary/(un)likely/important/(im)possible/obvious/remarkablethat………很清楚（正確，必要，重要，可能，值得注意等).Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.(3)Itiswell-known/reported/recorded/estimated/said/believedthat…眾所周知（據(jù)報道，據(jù)記載，據(jù)估計，據(jù)說，據(jù)人們相信)….Itissaidthathisfatherlefthimnothing.(4)Itturnsout/seems/appears/happens/matters…)that…結(jié)果是……（似乎是,碰巧是,重要的是……）.Ithappened(tome)thatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.2.it做形式主語與itis(was)…that…強調(diào)句式的區(qū)分.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.解題方法：將itis/was…that去掉，看余下部分是否完整，若完整即為強調(diào)句式；反之為it作形式主語。三、表語從句---系動詞后（常見系動詞：be,look,remain,seem,appear等）.Theproblemisthattheycan’tgethereearlyenough.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.Whathewantstogetiswhateveryouhave.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.四、同位語從句---抽象名詞后（從句對抽象名詞進行補充說明或解釋說明抽象名詞的內(nèi)容）.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.

名詞性從句高考趨勢與考察重點一、語序問題---名詞性從句內(nèi)部一律使用陳述語序注意以下句子：.Idon’tknowwhatisthematterwithhim.Ihavenoideawhatwasthematterwithhim.Couldyoutelluswhatwaswrong/thetroublewithhimyesterday二、從句中的虛擬語氣問題1.主語從句：(1)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/essential/strange/that…(should)do…(2)Itissuggested/advised/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…(should)do….Itisimportantthateverystudent(should)learnaforeignlanguage.Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)checktheiranswersbeforehandinginthepaper.2.賓語從句：在表示“命令、要求、建議、決定”等意義的動詞后的賓語從句常用“（should）+do”【insist（堅持），order,urge,command（命令），require,request,demand（要求），advise,suggest,propose,recommend（建議）】.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)giveupsmoking.3.表語從句：當主句的主語為order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名詞時，表語從句的謂語動詞用“(should)do”的形式。.Myadviceisthatyou(should)takemorephysicalexercise.4.同位語從句：用于解釋order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名詞的同位語從句中常用“(should)do”結(jié)構(gòu).Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.三、連接詞的選擇問題1.doubt---doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether引導名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導名詞性從句。.Idoubtwhetherhetoldthetruth.Idon’tdoubtthathetoldthetruth.Thedoctor’sdoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromthediseasesoon．IhavenodoubtthatTomisatalentedactor.2.sure---besure用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that引導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether引導的名詞性從句。.I’msurethatI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.Areyousurethatyou’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.I’mnotsurewhetherI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.3.主語是reason時，表語要用that引導而不是because：.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.what和that---that在從句中不充當成分，不含疑問意義，而what在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語，且含有疑問意義。.ThatTomfelloffhischairbyaccidentgottheclassmateslaughing.WhatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.=AllthatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.5.連接詞wh-和wh-ever選擇---前者表示一個特指概念，引導的名詞性從句含有疑問意義；后者表示一個泛指概念，意為“任何……”，引導的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句。.Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.(=anyonewhosharesherinterests.)Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.(=anythingthathewantsthemtodo)6.This/Thatiswhy…和This/Thatisbecause….ThereasonwhyIcamelateisthatmycarbrokedownonthehalfway.→Hecamelate.That’sbecausehiscarbrokedown.→Hiscarbrokedownonthehalfway.That’swhyhecamelate.7.幾個特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換ItisknowntoallthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（主語從句，it做形式主語）Asisknowntoall,ChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（as引導的非限制性定語從句）WhatisknowntoallisthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（主語從句和表語從句）四、it的問題1.it做形式主語（注意與強調(diào)句式的辨別）.ItwasmyfaultthatIhadhimplayfootballallafternoon. Itisimportantthatweshouldgototheschooltotalkwiththeteacher.2.it做形式賓語---V+it+adj./n.+todo/賓從(V可以為make,find,feel,think,believe,consider,guess,suppose等).Ithinkitnecessarythatwetake