考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Priorto1975,unioneffortstoorganizepublic-sectorclericalworker,mostofwhomarewomen,weresomewhatlimited.Thefactorsfavoringunionizationdrivesseemtohavebeeneitherthepresenceoflargenumbersofworkers,asinNewYorkCity,tomakeitworththeeffort,ortheconcentrationofsmallnumbersinoneortwolocations,suchasahospital,tomakeitrelativelyeasy.Receptivitytounionizationontheworkers,partwasalsoaconsideration,butwhentherewerelargenumbersinvolvedortheclericalworkersweretheonlyunorganizedgroupinajurisdiction,themulti-occupationalunionswouldoftentrytoorganizethemregardlessoftheworkers’initialreceptivity.Thestrategicreasoningwasbased,first,ontheconcernthatpoliticiansandadministratorsmightplayoffunionizedagainstnonunionizedworkers,and,second,ontheconvictionthatafullyunionizedpublicworkforcemeantpower,bothatthebargainingtableandinthelegislature.Inlocalitieswhereclericalworkerswerefewinnumber,werescatteredinseveralworkplaces,andexpressednointerestinbeingorganized,unionsmoreoftenthannotignoredtheminthepre-1975period.

Butsincethemid-1970’s,adifferentstrategyhasemerged.In1977,34percentofgovernmentclericalworkerswererepresentedbyalabororganization,comparedwith46percentofgovernmentprofessionals,44percentofgovernmentblue-collarworkers,and41percentofgovernmentserviceworkers.Sincethen,however,thebiggestincreasesinpublic-sectorunionizationhavebeenamongclericalworkers.Between1977and1980,thenumberofunionizedgovernmentworkersinblue-collarandserviceoccupationsincreasedonlyabout1.5percent,whileinthewhite-collaroccupationstheincreasewas20percentandamongclericalworkersinparticular,theincreasewas22percent.

Whataccountsforthisupsurgeinunionizationamongclericalworkers?First,morewomenhaveenteredtheworkforceinthepastfewyears,andmoreofthemplantoremainworkinguntilretirementage.Consequently,theyareprobablymoreconcernedthantheirpredecessorswereaboutjobsecurityandeconomicbenefits.Also,thewomen’smovementhassucceededinlegitimizingtheeconomicandpoliticalactivismofwomenoftheirownbehalf,therebyproducingamorepositiveattitudetowardunions.Theabsenceofanycomparableincreaseinunionizationamongprivate-sectorclericalworker,however,identifiestheprimarycatalyst---thestructuralchangeinthemulti-occupationalpublic-sectorunionsthemselves.Overthepasttwentyyears,theoccupationaldistributionintheseunionshasbeensteadilyshiftingfrompredominantlyblue-collartopredominantlywhite-collar.Becausetherearefarmorewomeninwhite-collarjobs,anincreaseintheproportionoffemalemembershasaccompaniedtheoccupationalshiftandhasalteredunionpolicy-makinginfavoroforganizingwomenandaddressingwomen’sissues.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepublic-sectorworkerswhoweremostlikelytobelongtounionsin1977were（

）.

2.Theauthorcitesunioneffortstoachieveafullyunionizedworkforce(line11—15)inordertoaccountforwhy（

）.

3.Theauthor’sclaimthat,sincethemid-1970’s,anewstrategyhasemergedintheunionizationofpublic-sectorclericalworkers(line19)wouldbestrengthenediftheauthor（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,intheperiodpriorto1975,eachofthefollowingconsiderationshelpeddeterminewhetheraunionwouldattempttoorganizeacertaingroupofclericalworkersEXCEPT（

）.

5.Theauthorstatesthatwhichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofthewomen’smovementofrecentyears?

6.Themainconcernofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Theauthorimpliesthatiftheincreaseinthenumberofwomenintheworkforceandtheimpactofthewomen’smovementwerethemaincausesoftheriseinunionizationofpublic-sectorclericalworkers,then（

）.

8.Theauthorsuggeststhatitwouldbedisadvantageoustoaunionif（

）.

9.Theauthorimpliesthat,incomparisonwithworkingwomentoday,womenworkingintheyearspriortothemid-1970haveshowedagreatertendencyto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.professionals

B.managers

C.clericalworkers

D.serviceworkers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.politiciansmighttrytoopposepublic-sectorunionorganizing

B.public-sectorunionshaverecentlyfocusedonorganizingwomen

C.earlyorganizingeffortsoftenfocusedonareaswheretherewerelargenumbersofworkers

D.unionssometimestriedtoorganizeworkersregardlessoftheworkers’initialinterestinunionization

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.describedmorefullytheattitudesofclericalworkerstowardlaborunions

B.comparedtheorganizingstrategiesemployedbyprivate-sectorunions

C.explainedwhypoliticiansandadministratorssometimesopposeunionizationofclericalworkers

D.showedthatthefactorsthatfavoredunionizationdrivesamongtheseworkerspriorto1975havedecreasedinimportance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofclericalworkersinthatgroup

B.thenumberofwomenamongtheclericalworkersinthatgroup

C.whethertheclericalworkersinthatareawereconcentratedinonework-placeorscatteredoverseveralwork-places

D.thedegreetowhichtheclericalworkersinthatgroupwereinterestedinunionization

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anincreaseinthenumberofwomenenteringtheworkforce.

B.Astructuralchangeinmulti-occupationalpublic-sectorunions.

C.Amorepositiveattitudeonthepartofwomentowardunions.

D.Anincreaseintheproportionofclericalworkersthatarewomen.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.advocateparticularstrategiesforfutureeffortstoorganizecertainworkersintolaborunions

B.explaindifferencesintheunionizedproportionsofvariousgroupsofpublic-sectorworkers

C.evaluatetheeffectivenessofcertainkindsoflaborunionsthatrepresentpublic-sectorworkers

D.analyzedandexplainedanincreaseinunionizationamongacertaincategoryofworkers

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.morewomenwouldholdadministrativepositionsinunions

B.morewomenwhoholdpoliticalofficeswouldhavepositiveattitudestowardlaborunions

C.therewouldbeanequivalentriseinunionizationofprivate-sectorclericalworkers

D.unionswouldhaveshownmoreinterestthantheyhaveinorganizingwomen

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.manyworkersinthelocalitywerenotunionized

B.theunioncontributedtopoliticalcampaigns

C.theunionincludedonlypublic-sectorworkers

D.theunionincludedworkersfromseveraljurisdictions

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.prefersmallerworkplaces

B.expressapositiveattitudetowardlaborunions

C.maximizejobsecurityandeconomicbenefits

D.quitworkingpriorofretirementage

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句‘B‘In1977,34percentofgovernmentclericalworkerswererepresentedbyalabororganization,comparedwith46percentofgovernmentprofessionals,44percentofgovernmentblue-collarworkers,and41percentofgovernmentserviceworkers.在1977年，勞工組織代表了34%的政府文員，46%的政府專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，44%的政府藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人以及41%的政府服務(wù)人員?！纱送茰y(cè)，專業(yè)技術(shù)人員最有可能加入到工會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干中l(wèi)ine11-15可以迅速定位至“Thestrategicreasoningwasbased,first,ontheconcernthatpoliticiansandadministratorsmightplayoffunionizedagainstnonunionizedworkers,and,second,ontheconvictionthatafullyunionizedpublicworkforcemeantpower,bothatthebargainingtableandinthelegislature.這一戰(zhàn)略推理的基礎(chǔ)，首先是擔(dān)心政客和行政人員可能會(huì)利用工會(huì)與非工會(huì)工人之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，其次是相信一個(gè)完全工會(huì)化的公共勞動(dòng)力意味著權(quán)力，無論是在談判桌上還是在立法機(jī)構(gòu)。”而該句的前一句作者提到“themulti-occupationalunionswouldoftentrytoorganizethemregardlessoftheworkers’initialreceptivity.”即“無論工人們對(duì)工會(huì)剛開始是否感興趣，工會(huì)通常會(huì)把他們組織到一起。”所以line11-15是解釋該句的原因。D選項(xiàng)‘工會(huì)有時(shí)不顧工人對(duì)工會(huì)組織的最初興趣，試圖組織工人‘符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段可知，在1975年以前有兩個(gè)重要的因素影響著工會(huì)的形成。但是第二段開頭作者便提出1975年后一項(xiàng)新的舉措開始實(shí)施，并對(duì)工會(huì)的形成具有重要影響。如果作者再對(duì)1975年之前那兩個(gè)重要因素的重要性的降低再進(jìn)行描述，那作者在第二段開頭提出的觀點(diǎn)將更有力。反面論證將會(huì)使作者的觀點(diǎn)更加有力。所以D選項(xiàng)

‘表明，1975年以前這些工人中有利于工會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的因素的重要性已經(jīng)下降’符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thefactorsfavoringunionizationdrivesseemtohavebeeneitherthepresenceoflargenumbersofworkers,asinNewYorkCity,tomakeitworththeeffort,ortheconcentrationofsmallnumbersinoneortwolocations,suchasahospital,tomakeitrelativelyeasy.”確定有兩個(gè)因素影響著工會(huì)的形成。一是工人的人口數(shù)量；二是工人的聚居程度。A、C選項(xiàng)排除。此外作者還提到“Receptivitytounionizationontheworkers,partwasalsoaconsideration”因此工人對(duì)工會(huì)的接受程度（或工人對(duì)工會(huì)的感興趣程度）也是一個(gè)重要的影響因素。D選項(xiàng)排除。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第三段“Also,thewomen’smovementhassucceededinlegitimizingtheeconomicandpoliticalactivismofwomenoftheirownbehalf,therebyproducingamorepositiveattitudetowardunions.此外，婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)成功地使婦女代表自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治行動(dòng)合法化，從而對(duì)工會(huì)產(chǎn)生了更積極的態(tài)度?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘婦女對(duì)工會(huì)的態(tài)度更為積極?！项}意。

6.主旨大意題。本文第一段便提到在1975年以前女性文員很少加入工會(huì)。但從第二段開始講的是1975年以后女性文員加入工會(huì)的人數(shù)增多，并分析這種現(xiàn)象形成的原因。所以D選項(xiàng)‘分析并解釋了某一類工人工會(huì)化程度的提高‘符合題意。

7.推理判斷題。在最后一段作者提到“Theabsenceofanycomparableincreaseinunionizationamongprivate-sectorclericalworker,however,identifiestheprimarycatalyst---thestructuralchangeinthemulti-occupationalpublic-sectorunionsthemselves.然而，私營(yíng)部門文職人員工會(huì)組織沒有任何類似的增長(zhǎng)，這表明了主要的催化劑——多職業(yè)公共部門工會(huì)本身的結(jié)構(gòu)變化”即在非公共部門，加入工會(huì)的文員相對(duì)來說要少一些，主要原因是在公共部門中，工會(huì)發(fā)生了結(jié)構(gòu)性的轉(zhuǎn)變。因此，如果婦女勞動(dòng)人口的增加和婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)使得參加公共部門工會(huì)的人口增加，那么在非公共部門參加工會(huì)的人口也會(huì)相應(yīng)增加。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。在第一段末尾“Inlocalitieswhereclericalworkerswerefewinnumber,werescatteredinseveralworkplaces,andexpressednointerestinbeingorganized,unionsmoreoftenthannotignoredtheminthepre-1975period.在文書工作人員人數(shù)少、分散在幾個(gè)工作地點(diǎn)、對(duì)組織工作沒有興趣的地方，工會(huì)在1975年以前往往不理睬他們?！币虼耍?975年之前，她們經(jīng)常為工會(huì)所忽視。由此可知，這將是不利于工會(huì)發(fā)展的。，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B、C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除；且D項(xiàng)的說法不會(huì)對(duì)工會(huì)的發(fā)展不利。

9.推理判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者暗示，與今天的職業(yè)女性相比,女性在1970年中期之前顯示一個(gè)大的趨勢(shì)是……‘文章第二段第二句話講到“First,morewomenhaveenteredtheworkforceinthepastfewyears,andmoreofthemplantoremainworkinguntilretirementage.首先，在過去的幾年里，越來越多的女性進(jìn)入了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，其中越來越多的人計(jì)劃一直工作到退休年齡。"由此推測(cè)，在前幾年即1975年之前，她們都沒有此種想法。D選項(xiàng)‘提前退休‘符合題意。A項(xiàng)在文中未提及。B項(xiàng)是女性運(yùn)動(dòng)取得勝利后所產(chǎn)生的影響。C項(xiàng)是更多女性加入到工人隊(duì)伍后所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。

2.單選題

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞前的形容詞順序問題。很多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞，其先后順序?yàn)閿?shù)量、大小、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、名詞性形容詞；指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應(yīng)放在一般修飾性形容詞前面；句意：所有早期的燈都是由一根浮在油碗里的燈芯制成的，燈芯的作用原理是毛細(xì)管作用。因此只有C項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序正確。

3.單選題

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily_____foramonthorayearasforasingleday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.stayup

C.speedup

D.makeup

【答案】A

【解析】putup在某地投宿;stayup熬夜,不睡覺;speedup加速;makeup組成,化妝,整理。句意：帶著這些東西到任何地方,他都可以輕松地住上一個(gè)月或一年,就好像只住一天一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“打算，意圖，意向”，后可接of短語(yǔ)，也可以接不定式短語(yǔ)；B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣，愛好，利息，趣味”，后接介詞in；C選項(xiàng)wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”與D選項(xiàng)desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫無放棄其研究工作的打算。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

U.S.PresidentRonaldReaganhasaconvincingandheart-warmingsmile.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abewildering

B.apersuasive

C.afactitious

D.anempathetic

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abewildering一個(gè)讓人困惑的（微笑）B.apersuasive一個(gè)讓人信服的（微笑）

C.afactitious一個(gè)虛假的（微笑）D.anempathetic一個(gè)共情的（微笑）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】劃線部分修飾的是smile“微笑”，并且與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”并列，原詞convincing“令人信服的”，因此，B選項(xiàng)apersuasive“一個(gè)讓人信服的（微笑）”最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)abewildering“一個(gè)讓人困惑的（微笑）”，與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”語(yǔ)義不搭，且不符合原句句意；

C選項(xiàng)afactitious“一個(gè)（虛假的）微笑”，與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”語(yǔ)義不搭，且不符合原句句意；

D選項(xiàng)anempathetic“一個(gè)共情的（微笑）”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】美國(guó)總統(tǒng)羅納德?里根（RonaldReagan）的笑容令人信服，令人感動(dòng)。

6.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭發(fā)”；contact“接觸”；connection“聯(lián)系”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下對(duì)皮膚有傷害，也可能導(dǎo)致癌癥或者其他傷害。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum（）andmaximumspeed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞解析。A選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”；B選項(xiàng)automation“自動(dòng)化”；C選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率；頻繁”；D選項(xiàng)bureaucracy“官僚主義”。句意：我們真沒料想當(dāng)?shù)卣故侨绱酥v效率，所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度進(jìn)行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的辦事效率高”，可以說明現(xiàn)在政府中一些官僚主義減少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.填空題

Therearesignsthatspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—andalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’s

A

B

C

D

placeisinthehome.

【答案】Candalltheblame改為noralltheblame

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前面說到意識(shí)到男性的作用，可知后面表達(dá)的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功過都?xì)w結(jié)于女性，notreceiveallthecredit對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是noralltheblame。

【句意】有跡象表明，家庭專家越來越意識(shí)到男性所起的作用，他們認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該把所有的功勞都?xì)w于女性，也不應(yīng)該把所有的過錯(cuò)都?xì)w女性。我們幾乎放棄了“女性應(yīng)該呆在家里”的說法。

9.單選題

A“scientific”viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisofhumanthoughtandbehaviorintheearlypartofthiscentury.Undertheforceofthisview,itwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworth(becausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameanstourgepeopletorightaction,itmightalsobeameanstodistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedaction)tothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogic,astheywerebythese“scientific”thinkers,rhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard;forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.Itpresentsitsargumentsfirsttothepersonasarationalbeing,becausepersuasivediscourse,ifhonestlyconceived,alwayshasabasisinreasoning.Logicalargumentistheplot,asitwere,ofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatitgoesbeyondthisandappealstothepartsofournaturethatareinvolvedinfeeling,desiring,acting,andsuffering.Itrecallsrelevantinstancesoftheemotionalreactionsofpeopletocircumstances—realorfictional—thataresimilartoourowncircumstances.Suchisthepurposeofbothhistoricalaccountsandfablesinpersuasivediscourse:theyindicateliterallyorsymbolicallyhowpeoplemayreactemotionally,withhopeorfear,toparticularcircumstances.Aspeechattemptingtopersuadepeoplecanachievelittleunlessittakesintoaccounttheaspectoftheirbeingrelatedtosuchhopesandfears.

Rhetoric,then,isaddressedtohumanbeingslivingatparticulartimesandinparticularplaces.Fromthepointofviewofrhetoric,wearenotmerelylogicalthinkingmachines,creaturesabstractedfromtimeandspace.Thestudyofrhetoricshouldthereforebeconsideredthemosthumanisticofthehumanities,sincerhetoricisnotdirectedonlytoourrationalselves.Ittakesintoaccountwhatthe“scientific”viewleavesout.Ifitisaweaknesstoharborfeelings,thenrhetoricmaybethoughtofasdealinginweakness.Butthosewhorejecttheideaofrhetoricbecausetheybelieveitdealsinliesandwhoatthesametimehopetomovepeopletoaction,musteitherbeliarsthemselvesorbeverynaive;purelogichasneverbeenamotivatingforceunlessithasbeensubordinatedtohumanpurposes,feelings,anddesires,andtherebyceasedtobepurelogic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,torejectrhetoricandstillhopetopersuadepeopleis（）

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthelatenineteenthcenturyrhetoricwasregardedas（）

3.ThepassagesuggeststhataspeechthatattemptstopersuadepeopletoactislikelytofailifitdoesNOT（）

4.WhichofthefollowingpersuasivedevicesisNOTusedinthepassage？

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'smainpointaboutlogicalargument？

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anaimofmostspeakersandwriters

B.anindicationeitherofdishonestyorofcredulity

C.awayofdisplayingdistrustoftheaudience‘smotives

D.acharacteristicofmosthumanisticdiscourse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theonlynecessaryelementofpersuasivediscourse

B.adubiousartinatleasttwoways

C.anoutmodedandtediousamplificationoflogic

D.anopenoffensetotherationalmind

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.distortthetruthalittletomakeitmoreacceptabletotheaudience

B.appealtotheself-interestaswellasthehumanitarianismoftheaudience

C.addresslisteners'emotionsaswellastheirintellects

D.concedethelogicofotherpointsofview

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Asampleofanactualspeechdeliveredbyanorator.

B.Thecontrastofdifferentpointsofview.

C.Therepetitionofkeyideasandexpressions.

D.Ananalogythatseekstoexplainlogicalargument.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisasterile,abstractdiscipline,oflittleuseinreallife.

B.Itisanessentialelementofpersuasivediscourse,butonlyonesuchelement.

C.Itisanimportantmeansofpersuadingpeopletoactagainsttheirdesires.

D.Itisthelowestorderofdiscoursebecauseitistheleastimaginative.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Butthosewho...verynaive;”但那些認(rèn)為修辭是在說謊而拒絕使用修辭的人，同時(shí)又希望說服別人采取行動(dòng)的人，要么是騙子，要么就是天真的人。選項(xiàng)B中的不誠(chéng)實(shí)和易上當(dāng)受騙的人與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Undertheforce...whollycondemned.”在這種觀點(diǎn)的影響下，修辭藝術(shù)可能不可避免地要從被認(rèn)為具有可疑價(jià)值的地位過渡到被完全譴責(zé)的地位。所以，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句，一篇試圖說服人們的演講，如果不考慮到他們與這些希望和恐懼有關(guān)的方面，是不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第4題:試題分析：結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文中并沒有提到演說者演說的實(shí)際例子，所以本題選A。

第5題:根據(jù)第一段“Logicalargumentistheplot,asitwere,ofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatitgoesbeyondthis...”邏輯論證就像任何演講或文章的情節(jié)一樣，都是有禮貌地試圖說服人們的。然而，它只是修辭的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，并且超越了這一點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

10.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B選項(xiàng)intermsof“根據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)inregardof“關(guān)于……，至于……”；D選項(xiàng)bymeansof“用，依靠”。根據(jù)measured（判斷）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富要根據(jù)它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

11.單選題

Thesonofthepresidentemerged（）fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainsthimweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.downhearted

B.unfavorable

C.despicable

D.triumphant

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在所有指控因缺乏證據(jù)而被撤銷后,總統(tǒng)的兒子得意洋洋地從法庭走了出來。

考查形容詞辨析。downhearted沒精打采的，垂頭喪氣的;unfavorable不宜的，令人不快的，不順利的；despicable可恥的；triumphant成功的，得意洋詳?shù)?。因此D符合句意。

12.單選題

Hehadbeen（）toappearincourtonchargesofincitementoflawbreaking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illuminated

B.summoned

C.prevailed

D.trailed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。illuminate“照亮，照射，闡明，啟發(fā)”；summon“召喚，傳喚，請(qǐng)求”；prevail“流行，盛行，獲勝”；trail“拖，曳”。句意：他因?yàn)楸豢馗鏋檫`法煽動(dòng)（民眾）而被傳喚到法庭。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項(xiàng)“哪位早期的爵士樂手對(duì)節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談?wù)摵芏鄻肥?；C選項(xiàng)“為什么美國(guó)的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國(guó)的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項(xiàng)“什么樂器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂隊(duì)”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個(gè)性的主要機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“在表演時(shí)創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備音樂改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項(xiàng)“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項(xiàng)D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對(duì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂隊(duì)也有獨(dú)唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團(tuán)和嘉年華樂隊(duì)通常也會(huì)有一兩個(gè)這樣的“get-off”音樂家?！笨芍癵et-off”音樂家的功能是獨(dú)唱。A選項(xiàng)“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊(duì)成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“教新音樂的舞蹈動(dòng)作”，文中只提到獨(dú)唱并沒有說舞蹈動(dòng)作；C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂隊(duì)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“在樂隊(duì)或管弦樂隊(duì)中提供獨(dú)奏表演”與原文提到的獨(dú)唱特色相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義推測(cè)題。由unadorned這個(gè)詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊(duì)演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲?！庇纱丝芍?，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項(xiàng)“可愛的”意思不同；B選項(xiàng)“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項(xiàng)“紊亂的”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開的。A選項(xiàng)“把討論分成兩個(gè)主要部分”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點(diǎn)，B錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項(xiàng)“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)酷的”；B選項(xiàng)perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過且過的”；C選項(xiàng)symbolic“象征的；符號(hào)的；使用符號(hào)的”；D選項(xiàng)discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問題，專家們建議政府把檢查重點(diǎn)從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進(jìn)行更為______的對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染進(jìn)行隨機(jī)取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應(yīng)填一個(gè)與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點(diǎn)從肉眼檢查到改進(jìn)為對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染隨機(jī)取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴(yán)格，A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“參與，分享”；attend“參加”；summon“召喚，召集”。句意：為結(jié)婚慶典而聚在一起的客人們安靜下來了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothe