考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Keynes’smajorinnovationwastoarguethatpersistentunemploymentmightbecausedbyadeficiencyindemandforproductionorservices,ratherthanbyadisequilibriuminthelabormarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortage

B.severity

C.excess

D.duration

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shortage不足，缺少，短缺B.severity嚴(yán)重性

C.excess超過，過度，過分D.duration持續(xù)時(shí)間，期間

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】deficiency的意思為“缺乏，缺少”，這里指的是失業(yè)可能是由于生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)需求不足，shortage與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】凱恩斯的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新在于，他認(rèn)為持續(xù)失業(yè)可能是由于生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)需求不足，而不是由于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)不平衡。

2.單選題

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachinewithrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,aworkercouldproduceupto50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflargerginspoweredbyhorses,water,orstream,multipliedproductivityfurther.

TheinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtoarapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproductionItbecamethemainAmericanexportdwarfingallothers.In1802cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmericanexportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andover50percentsharein1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.

Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmericanexportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.ThegrowingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoanunprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates—westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.

1.Themainpointofthepassageisthatthe18and19centurieswereatimewhen

（）

2.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandforcottonEXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofSeaislandcottonwasits（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutcotton-productionintheUnitedStatesaftertheintroductionofWhitney'scottongin?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theMississippiRiverwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts

B.CottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct

C.Cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess

D.Mechanizationforspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cotton’ssoftness

B.cotton’scaseofprocessing

C.ashortageofflaxandwool

D.thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.abundanceofseeds

B.adaptabilitytodifferentclimates

C.longgrowingseason

D.longfibers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorecottoncomefromSeaInlandcottonplantsthanbefore.

B.Morecottoncamefromshort-staplecottonplantsthanbefore.

C.Mostcottonproducedwassolddomestically.

D.MostcottonproducedwasexportedtoEngland.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.oneoftheboundariesofaregionwherenewagriculturalsettlementlookplace

B.amajorsourceofwaterforagriculturalcrops

C.theprimaryroutebywhichagriculturalcropsweretransported

D.amainsourceofpowerformostagriculturalmachinery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知?dú)W洲紡織業(yè)更傾向于棉花，因?yàn)樗子诩庸ぃ允紫扰懦x項(xiàng)C。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Mechanizationofspinning...Americanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargely...”可推斷選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A中exportproducts有歧義，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)美國出口的主要產(chǎn)品是毛皮，隨著歐洲紡織業(yè)對(duì)棉花的偏愛，所以現(xiàn)在棉花成了美國最主要的出口產(chǎn)品。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文中沒有信息表明亞麻和羊毛的短缺才導(dǎo)致對(duì)棉花需求的增加。其他三項(xiàng)都正確。

第3題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Seaislandcotton”定位到第一段“Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelong...”選項(xiàng)D正確。

第4題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的后半部分“Whitney'sgin...aworkercouldproduceupto50percentsoflintaday.”引進(jìn)了Whitney的軋棉機(jī)之后，使得短絨棉的生產(chǎn)大大提高，選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MississippiRiver”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Thegrowingmarket...westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.”棉花和其他美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的不斷增長導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)業(yè)定居點(diǎn)的空前擴(kuò)張，主要集中在美國東部的一半地區(qū)——阿巴拉契亞山脈以西和密西西比河以東。由此推斷，密西西比河是新農(nóng)業(yè)所在地區(qū)的邊界之一。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.單選題

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。defy“藐視；公然反抗”；disguise“偽裝”；disgrace“給……丟臉”；distress“使背痛；使貧困”。根據(jù)residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民對(duì)宵禁不滿”，可知他們決定“反抗”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen______inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glide“滑行，滑翔”；B選項(xiàng)cruise“（船，飛機(jī)）航行，游行”；C選項(xiàng)pilot“駕駛，領(lǐng)航”；D選項(xiàng)patrol“巡邏，巡查”。根據(jù)inthemiddleofthePacific可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：衛(wèi)星通信高度發(fā)達(dá)，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和辦公室及時(shí)聯(lián)系，就好像他們?cè)诟舯谝粯印?/p>

5.單選題

Justasyoudonotwishothersto（

）theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inflict“把……強(qiáng)加給，使承受，遭受”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)論”；C選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D選項(xiàng)antedate“預(yù)期，預(yù)料，居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife（你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向）”可知A選項(xiàng)與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)。句意：就像你不希望別人把意愿強(qiáng)加在你身上，你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向。

6.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

7.單選題

Highgradesaresupposedto（）academicability,butJohn'sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certify

B.clarify

C.classify

D.notify

【答案】A

【解析】句意:高分應(yīng)該是學(xué)術(shù)能力的證明，但John的實(shí)際表現(xiàn)并沒證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。certify證明，證實(shí)；clarify說明，闡明：classify把……分類，把……分級(jí)；notify通告，宣告。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thisbookisdividedintofivesections.Eachsection（

）adifferentaspectoftheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dealswith

B.copeswith

C.solves

D.handles

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。dealwith“處理，涉及”；copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；solve“解決，解答”；handle“處理”。句意：這本書分為五個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分都涉及問題的不同方面。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項(xiàng)peruse“詳細(xì)考察，精讀”，C項(xiàng)detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活等于幸?！?，結(jié)合actually“實(shí)際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語境。句意：人們相信充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他們的房間在三樓，從窗戶可以俯瞰運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。逗號(hào)前句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，逗號(hào)后闡述的對(duì)象換成itswindow并且和overlook構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，但是沒有引導(dǎo)詞來構(gòu)成從句，確定考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)itswindow和overlook構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，B選項(xiàng)overlooking符合題意。A選項(xiàng)overlooks是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)overlooked是過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)tooverlook是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示目的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.Weknowthatoverthepastmillenniatheclimatehasundergonemajorchangeswithoutanysignificanthumanintervention.Wealsoknowthattheglobalclimatesystemisimmenselycomplicatedandthateverythingisinsomewayconnected,andsothesystemiscapableoffluctuatinginunexpectedways.Weneedthereforetoknowhowmuchtheclimatecanvaryofitsownaccordinordertointerpretwithconfidencetheextenttowhichrecentchangesarenaturalasopposedtobeingtheresultofhumanactivities.

Instrumentalrecordsdonotgobackfarenoughtoprovideuswithreliablemeasurementsofglobalclimaticvariabilityontimescaleslongerthanacentury.Whatwedoknowisthatasweincludelongertimeintervals,therecordshowsincreasingevidenceofslowswingsinclimatebetweendifferentregimes.Tobuildupabetterpictureoffluctuationsappreciablyfurtherbackintimerequiresustouseproxyrecords.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Generally,thelayeringoccursonanannualbasis,henceheobservedchangesintherecordscanbedated.Informationontemperature,rainfall,andotheraspectsoftheclimatethatcanbeinferredfromthesystematicchangesinpropertiesisusuallyreferredtoasproxydata.ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.Whiletheserecordsprovidebroadlyconsistentindicationsthattemperaturevariationscanoccuronaglobalscale,therearenonethelesssomeintriguingdifferences,whichsuggestthatthepatternoftemperaturevariationsinregionalclimatescanalsodiffersignificantlyfromeachother.

Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).

Totheextentthatthecoverageoftheglobalclimatefromtheserecordscanprovideameasureofitstruevariability,itshouldatleastindicatehowallthenaturalcausesofclimatechangehavecombined.Theseincludethechaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere,theslowerbutequallyerraticbehavioroftheoceans,changesinthelandsurfaces,andtheextentoficeandsnow.Alsoincludedwillbeanyvariationsthathavearisenfromvolcanicactivity,solaractivity,and,possibly,humanactivities.

1.Whichofthefollowingmustwefindoutinordertodeterminetheimpactofhumanactivitiesuponclimate?

2.Scientistsareabletoreconstructproxytemperaturerecordsby（

）.

3.ProxydatahavesuggestedallofthefollowingabouttheclimateEXCEPT:

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘erratic”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themajorchangesinclimateoverthepastmillennia.

B.Thedegreetowhichtheclimatevariesnaturally.

C.Thebestmethodformeasuringclimaticchange.

D.Themillenniumwhenhumansbegantointerferewiththeclimate.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.studyingregionaldifferencesintemperaturevariations.

B.studyinganddatingchangesinthepropertiesofsubstances.

C.observingchangesinpresentdayclimateconditions.

D.inferringpastclimateshiftsfromobservationsofcurrentclimaticchanges.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Regionalclimatesmaychangeovertime.

B.Theclimatehaschangedverylittleinthepast10,000years.

C.Globaltemperaturesvarymorethanregionaltemperatures.

D.Importantnaturalchangesinclimatehaveoccurredoverlargetimescales.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dramatic

B.important

C.unpredictable.

D.common

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘為了確定人類活動(dòng)對(duì)氣候的影響，我們必須找出以下哪一項(xiàng)？根據(jù)文章第一段中“Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.要判斷當(dāng)前的氣候事件是否揭示了人類活動(dòng)影響的證據(jù)，最困難的一個(gè)方面是很難衡量是什么構(gòu)成了氣候的自然變化?！?，確定判斷人類對(duì)氣候的影響之前必須確定自然的影響，所以B選項(xiàng)“氣候自然變化的程度”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘科學(xué)家能通過什么重建替代溫度記錄？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第三句“ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.從格陵蘭島中部冰冠鉆出的冰芯、嵌在西歐分層湖泊沉積物中的方解石殼、熱帶大西洋洋底沉積物的冰芯、秘魯冰川的冰芯和南極洲東部的冰芯重建了代理溫度記錄?！薄Ｔ恼劶昂芏嘀亟囟鹊姆椒?，無論是冰川，沉積物還是碳酸鹽，都屬“substance物質(zhì)”，所以B選項(xiàng)“研究和測(cè)定物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘代理數(shù)據(jù)表明了如下所有關(guān)于氣候的內(nèi)容，除了……？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.代理記錄充分表明，在超過幾千年的時(shí)間跨度內(nèi)，氣候發(fā)生了重大的自然變化。”可排除A選項(xiàng)‘隨著時(shí)間的推移，地區(qū)氣候可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化’和D選項(xiàng)‘氣候的重要自然變化是在大的時(shí)間尺度上發(fā)生的’。根據(jù)第二句“Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).然而，同樣令人驚訝的是在過去的一萬年（全新世）中氣候變化的相對(duì)來說很穩(wěn)定?！笨膳懦鼴選項(xiàng)‘在過去的一萬年里，氣候變化非常小?！虼?，C項(xiàng)‘全球氣溫的變化比地區(qū)氣溫的變化更大’在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，符合題意。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。題目提問‘第五段中"erratic”最接近什么意思？’根據(jù)上下文，“erratic行為古怪，反復(fù)無?！迸c前文中“chaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere變化多端的大氣波動(dòng)”的“chaotic混沌的；一團(tuán)糟的”相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此，C選項(xiàng)“無法預(yù)言的；不可預(yù)測(cè)”符合語境。

12.單選題

Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（1）thatlogic.2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still（2）intheirminds.AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisaster

InU.S.history,on.（3）TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade（4）worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour（5）toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.

Granted,someamountofdelusion(錯(cuò)覺)isprobablypartofthe（6）condition.InA.D.63Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquakeandthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork（7）inthesamespot-untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta（8）ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat（9）themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe（10）didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturnsoutthatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyisrarelythestorm,thequakeorthesurgeitself.Moreoftenitisourselves.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.To

B.By

C.On

D.For

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fresh

B.obvious

C.apparent

D.evident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.visual

B.vivid

C.live

D.lively

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.less

C.more

D.much

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reluctance

B.rejection

C.denial

D.decline

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.social

C.world

D.human

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.revising

B.refining

C.rebuilding

D.retrieving

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.review

B.reminder

C.concept

D.prospect

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.preparing

B.protesting

C.protecting

D.prevailing

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.never

B.ever

C.then

D.Before

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】1.考查介詞辨析。通過對(duì)前句humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（人類只有在遭受災(zāi)難之后才會(huì)認(rèn)真地避免災(zāi)難），于是后句緊跟的連詞應(yīng)該是表示解釋說明，而A項(xiàng)to“至于”，C項(xiàng)on“在……上面”，D項(xiàng)for為因果連詞，只有by可以表示通過。

2.考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“新鮮的”，B、C、D三項(xiàng)都是明顯的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或發(fā)現(xiàn)，無須解釋或證明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者“思想上容易理解的”的事，根據(jù)文章的意思，此處應(yīng)該是表示記憶猶新的意思，因此A項(xiàng)fresh符合題意。

3.考查詞義辨析題。C項(xiàng)live這個(gè)單詞除了有生活的意思之外，還有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的意思。A項(xiàng)“視覺的”，B項(xiàng)“生動(dòng)活潑的”，D項(xiàng)“活潑的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生動(dòng)”“逼真”“活潑”等；lively指人及生物等充滿生機(jī)和活力，即“活潑的”、“充滿生氣的”根據(jù)句意：美國人通過電視直播觀看了卡特里娜颶風(fēng)，這是美國歷史上最昂貴的災(zāi)難?？芍狢項(xiàng)符合。

4.考查比較級(jí)。在比較級(jí)前面添加副詞，只能用副詞原級(jí)，不能再用比較級(jí)，因此B和C錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是貶義，因此用much不用little。

5.考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)reluctance“不情愿”，B項(xiàng)“拒絕”，C項(xiàng)denial“否定”，D項(xiàng)“拒絕”。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)中reject一般指否決、不予接受（建議，提議，想法和要求等）；

decline表示“婉拒”。通過分析這個(gè)復(fù)雜句我們看到了前面的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞willfulblindness“盲目”。該句句意：由于我們?nèi)涡缘拿つ棵半U(xiǎn)以及我們?cè)谝磺邢萑肜Ь持肮餐?，使他們變得更加糟糕。而這里用A項(xiàng)reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反義詞對(duì)應(yīng)。

6.考查詞義和句意理解。固定搭配humancondition“人的生存條件”，該句句意：誠然，一定程度的錯(cuò)覺可能是的一部分。根據(jù)前文所說人們不愿意共同努力，可知人們有這種想法是受生存條件的影響，第二段后文通過舉例來闡釋這句話。所以此處選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“自然條件”，B項(xiàng)“社會(huì)條件”，C項(xiàng)“世界狀況”，均不符合文意。

7.考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“修訂”，B項(xiàng)“提煉”，C項(xiàng)“重建”，D項(xiàng)“重新得到”。該句句意：公元63年，龐貝城被一場(chǎng)地震嚴(yán)重破壞，當(dāng)?shù)厝肆⒓辞巴坏攸c(diǎn)進(jìn)行。句子前面的連詞and，表示兩句并列。地震之后要干什么呢？當(dāng)然就是重建了。所以此處選擇C項(xiàng)。

8.考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“回顧”，B項(xiàng)“提醒，暗示”C項(xiàng)“概念”，D項(xiàng)“希望”。句子開頭一個(gè)強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折but，表示后面要說的和前面的內(nèi)容是相反的意思。同時(shí)，后面有一個(gè)history，通過這個(gè)單詞就知道前面用review。該句句意：但過去一年的災(zāi)難史，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代美國人……，故選A。

9.考查固定搭配。C項(xiàng)protectsb.fromsth保護(hù)某人免受某事。A項(xiàng)prepare“準(zhǔn)備”，B項(xiàng)protest“抗議”，D項(xiàng)prevail“流行，成功”。結(jié)合句意：現(xiàn)代美國人尤其不善于自己免受威脅，故選C。

10.考查詞義辨析。本句中did是用助動(dòng)詞取代實(shí)意動(dòng)詞know，因此這里的連詞只能用ever表示以前，而before做副詞時(shí)一定放在句末或后跟名詞，所以此處的句意：對(duì)于我們所面臨的災(zāi)難，我們比以前知道的更多。因此只有B項(xiàng)符合。

13.單選題

The（

）inJanet'scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。weakness“弱點(diǎn)，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻礙了她事業(yè)的進(jìn)步。由hinder“阻礙”可知性格方面的不足阻礙了她的進(jìn)步。只有C符合題意。答案C

14.單選題

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足”；fallnothingshortof“無異于……”，沒有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith兩種搭配，選項(xiàng)A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，來自全球的談判代表關(guān)于氣候變化達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，該協(xié)議承諾每個(gè)國家要減少溫室氣體的排放量。然而，對(duì)于延緩全球變暖所導(dǎo)致的危險(xiǎn)和高昂的代價(jià)來說，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

AreweatthebeginningofanotherAgeofExploration?Perhapsevenmoreimportant,areweatthebeginningof（1）AgeofColonization?Asthepopulationoftheworldincreasestowardsthepoint（2）theearthcannolongersupportallthepeople（3）onit,thesecondquestionbecomesurgent.Willwediscoveranewworld,（4）Columbusdid,onwhichhumanlifewillbepossible?Atthispointinthespaceage,noonecanreallyanswerthesequestions.Wecansay,（5）,thatwewillnotseetomorrowthekindofspacetravelthat（6）fictionandthemovieshaveshown.Itwillbealongtimebeforewehaveflightthatrun（7）tohumancoloniesonthemoonorononeoftheplanets.Wearenotevengoingtobeableto（8）immediateadvantagesofthemineralsthatwemayfindontheplanets（9）ourownsolarsystem.

Greatproblemsmustbesolved（10）wecouldsendcolonistsoutintospace.Thedistancesthatmustbe（11）andthelengthoftimeittakestodothatcanhardlybe（12）.Therearealsodangersthatwestilldonotreallyunderstand—fromradiation.Forexample,orfrompiecesofmatter（13）inspace,orfromcontaminationfromformsoflifethatmight（14）there.Thereisalsoneedforhumanstotaketheirownenvironmentintospace（15）them.Sofarno“island”hasbeendiscoveredinspaceonwhichpeoplecanexistwithoutsystemsthat（16）life,andthesesystemsmustaccompanyanyfuturespace（17）.Finally,onthemastpractical（18）,therehastobetheenormousexpense（19）inspaceexploration.TheUSandRussiangovernmentshavealreadyspentbillionsofdollarsforprojects（20）whichtheycanreceivereturnonlyinknowledgeandnotinmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.an

C.the

D.one

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whether

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inhabited

B.crowded

C.borne

D.rushed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.what

C.as

D.such

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.moreover

C.otherwise

D.therefore

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.science

C.affectional

D.action

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.punctually

B.permanently

C.temporarily

D.regularly

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.get

B.take

C.gain

D.make

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.in

C.on

D.with

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.till

C.before

D.until

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.covered

B.done

C.ended

D.finished

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.imagined

B.imaginable

C.imaginary

D.imaginative

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.over

C.from

D.above

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.revive

B.exist

C.survive

D.live

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.among

C.across

D.with

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.handle

C.provide

D.invade

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.tourists

B.pilots

C.travelers

D.invaders

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.grade

B.level

C.point

D.standard

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.involved

B.invested

C.concerned

D.budgeted

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.toward

C.onto

D.with

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）根據(jù)原文，也許更重要的是,我們是否處于殖民化時(shí)代的開端？根據(jù)上文提到的anotherAgeofExploration可知此處應(yīng)為another,泛指“另一個(gè)”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（2）本句中先行詞為thepoint,定語從句中缺少狀語。因此,本題選C。

（3）inhabit居住,在……出現(xiàn);crowded擁擠的;bear忍受,負(fù)擔(dān);rush猛攻,突襲,（使）倉促行事。根據(jù)原文句意,地球已不能再容納所有擁擠在地球上的人，第二個(gè)問題變得緊迫。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（4）句意：我們會(huì)像哥倫布那樣發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人類可以定居的地方嗎？選項(xiàng)A和C都有”就像，正如”的意思，但like的詞性是動(dòng)詞,此處需要填入一個(gè)連接詞，所以排除選項(xiàng)A。

（5）根據(jù)句意：我們可以這么說,我們明天不會(huì)看到科幻小說和電影中所展示的那種太空旅行。結(jié)合上下文的意思，本題正確答案為A。

（6）ethicalfiction倫理小說;sciencefiction科幻小說;affectionalfiction言情小說;actionfiction武俠小說。涉及到太空旅行的小說應(yīng)為科幻小說。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（7）punctually準(zhǔn)時(shí)地;permanently永遠(yuǎn)地,永久地;temporarily暫時(shí)地;regularly規(guī)律地,定期地。句意：還要很長時(shí)間,我們才能擁有開往月球或者其他行星上的人類殖民地的航班。航班應(yīng)該是規(guī)律的,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（8）考查固定搭配。takeadvantageof意為“利用；占……的便宜”,選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）考查介詞搭配,根據(jù)原文，我們本身處于太陽系之內(nèi)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（10）句意：在我們把移民送往太空,必須解決重大問題。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系判斷,問題的解決應(yīng)當(dāng)在發(fā)送移民之前,選項(xiàng)C正確。

（11）cover和distance搭配，指“通過一段路程，跨越一段距離”。因此,本題選A。

（12）imagined想象的,理解的;imaginable可想象的,可能地;imaginary想象中的,幻想的;imaginative具有想象力的。結(jié)合上下文句意可知,此處應(yīng)表示“……是很難理解的”。因此,選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

（13）考査固定搭配。outinspace意為“在太空”,其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不能與inspace搭配使用。

（14）revive使復(fù)活,使恢復(fù),使振奮;exist存在,生存,存活;survive幸存,生還,活得比……時(shí)間長;live居住,生活。句意：例如，或者來自太空中的物質(zhì)碎片，或者來自那里可能存在的生命形式的污染。根據(jù)句意可知,選項(xiàng)B正確。

（15）本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。takesth.withsb.意為“某人隨身攜帶某物”,around,among,across均不能和take進(jìn)行搭配。因此,本題選D。

（16）support支持,幫助,支撐,維持;handle操控,操作,手柄,解決;provide提供（服務(wù)等）；invade侵襲,干擾。根據(jù)句意：到目前為止,在太空中尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)可以讓人們?cè)跊]有維持生命的系統(tǒng)的情況下而存活的“島嶼”。supportlife意為“支持生命”,因此,本題選A。

（17）tourist旅行者,觀光客;pilot飛行員；spacetraveler太空旅行者;invader侵略者,侵人者。結(jié)合語境可知,全文都在描述太空探索相關(guān)方面的內(nèi)容,因此,本題選C。

（18）原文指在最實(shí)際的層面上。on…level固定搭配，意為“從……的層面考慮”。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（19）根據(jù)句意：太空探索必須投入巨大的費(fèi)用。involve涉及,卷入;invest投資,投入;concern關(guān)注,關(guān)心;budget預(yù)算。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（20）考查介詞搭配。receivesth.from…意為“從…得到...”。其他介詞均不能與receive搭配。因此,本題選A。

16.單選題

Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.of

C.to

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們的狗代替了他們從未有過的孩子。asubstitutefor是固定搭配，意為“某種東西的替代物”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和substitute搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；assure保證，擔(dān)保；ensure確保，使安全；secure保護(hù)，使安全。句意：牙醫(yī)自信的態(tài)度使我確信我是由可靠的醫(yī)生在診治。選項(xiàng)A和D不符合句意；選項(xiàng)Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that從句，意為使某人確信，符合句意；選項(xiàng)C發(fā)用法為ensuresth.tosb.，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.單選題

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：他的家人幾乎已經(jīng)忘記了他長的什么樣子。根據(jù)句型itislike…，得出C選項(xiàng)whathisfacewas符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ⅲ.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.Pursuanttosection102，copyrightprotectionsubsistsuponsatisfactionofthreeconditions:first,aworkmustbean“originalworkofauthorship”;second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”;andthird,theworkmustcomewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.Inthecontextoffilmingsports,thedecisions“concerningcameraangles,typesofshots,theuseofinstantreplaysandsplitscreens,andshotselectionsimilarlysupplythecreativityrequiredforthecopyrightabilityofthetelecasts”.Sportstelecastsarefixedinatangiblemediumofexpression.Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.

Sportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyrightasan“audiovisualwork”.TheCopyrightActnotesseveraltypesofsubjectmatterthatiscopyrightable,ofwhich“audiovisualworks”isoneofthecategories.Tobesatisfiedasanaudiovisualwork,theworkinquestionmustconsistofaseriesofrelatedimagesshownbytheuseofmachinesordeviceswithaccompanyingsounds.Fromthisdefinition,thereisnodoubtthatsportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.

ThisissuewasfirstaddressedinPittsburghAthleticCo.v.KQVBroadcastingCo.,albeitadecisionundertheoldcopyrightregime.InasuitforaninjunctionagainstKQVBroadcastingforinterferingwithGeneralMills’exclusivecontracttobroadcastPiratesgamesovertheradio,thecourtruledthatthebaseballteamhadapropertyrighttocontrolthenewsofgamesbybroadcasting.

1.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorshipbecause___.

2.SportstelecastsarefixedintangibleformNOTbecause___.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtotheparagraphs?

4.Themostsuitabletitlefortheseparagraphsis___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theypossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”

B.theyarereproductionsofearlierworks

C.thecreativityelementiseasilysatisfied

D.thedecisionoffilmingsportsconcernsmanyelements

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated

B.Itisofnoconsequencethatlivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission

C.Courtshaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors

D.Section101oftheCopyrightActexpresslyprovidesso

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUS.

B.Oneofthethreeconditionsforcopyrightprotectionisfixation.

C.Telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated.

D.Sportstelecasts,iftransmi