考研考博-英語-安順職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安順職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反擊結核病的戰(zhàn)爭中,幾種有前景的藥物開發(fā)策略正在出現(xiàn)。結核病如今每年仍在奪去將近兩百萬人的生命,其中大多發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家。隨著結核分枝桿菌進化成可以耐受抗結核藥物,而患者感到很難接受現(xiàn)有的藥物治療框架,科學家正在尋找新藥和好的診斷方法。一些有前景的藥物正在進行早期臨床試驗,這可能縮短結核病治療時間,但是他們面臨的情況不利,因為只有不到10%的進入早期臨床試驗階段的抗生素獲得了批準。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),研究基因、蛋白質和代謝的領域提供了破解關于這種細菌及其與人類相互作用的空前詳細的新信息的潛力。

Passage2

對于Web2.0來講,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起來不累,配合流暢的文字內(nèi)容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0網(wǎng)站的排版布局（難度）可說是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重點突出,易讀,易用?？瞻啄茏屩匾畔⑼癸@,讓眼睛得以休息,并給予一種安定和秩序的感覺。寬松的行間距也讓視線易于跟隨文本流動。一些Web2.0網(wǎng)站的布局簡單到令人感到無聊的地步,但若設計上出色的話,一個四平八穩(wěn)的頁面也能成為絕頂?shù)拿牢洞蟛?。友好、活潑的行文方式會使作者與訪問者建立更多良好的關系。

Passage3

項目管理隊伍必須注意不能將質量與等級混淆。質量低常成為一個問題,但等級低則不是。確定和傳達所需的質量及等級水平是項目經(jīng)理和項目管理隊伍的責任。另外,執(zhí)行組織主動采取質量改進不僅能提高項目管理的質量,也可提高項目產(chǎn)品質量。但是,項目管理隊伍必須清楚知道一個重要的區(qū)別一項目的臨時性意味著對產(chǎn)品質量改進的投資,特別是缺陷的預防和評估,必須由執(zhí)行組織承擔,因為項目可能不會持續(xù)到獲得回報的時候。

2.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問題1選項

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項common“普通的；一般的”，B選項mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進步而共同努力。通過帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項presume“假設，認為”；C選項pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項presuppose“假設，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒有人問任何問題，那么我認為大家都能理解。

4.單選題

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

問題1選項

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。substantiate“證實”；authenticate“鑒定”；satiate“充分滿足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通過創(chuàng)造價值和強有力的信息，你就能讓大家來到身邊，而不要嘗試用自己的信息和品牌讓來讓他們感到窒息。insteadof表轉折，而不要嘗試通過······可知空格處所填單詞應為貶義詞，故答案為D。

5.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問題1選項

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問題2選項

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會集中支持基礎研究而不是應用研究？），具體介紹基礎研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應用研究是為了解決具體的實際問題而進行的，它具有吸引力，因為可以直接看到和享受成果。），具體講述應用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進行對比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎研究與應用研究”。因此D選項正確。

2.分析文章的行文結構

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎研究和應用研究，因此D選項正確。

排除干擾項

A選項“基礎研究的重要性”：基礎研究僅僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項“對X射線的不了解”：關鍵詞X-rays對應第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個例子用來支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無法預料基礎研究的實際應用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項“應用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實細節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關心應用方面，因為這些能迅速帶來利益），可知工業(yè)界因為應用研究帶來的好處而關注它，B選項“立刻帶來利益”正確。

排除干擾項

A選項“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎研究的目標是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎研究而不是應用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項“排斥基礎研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應用研究往往會排斥基礎研究。），這里指出的是基礎研究和應用研究的關系，沒有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項“解決實際問題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應用研究是為了解決具體的實際問題而進行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

6.單選題

Mysisterisquite______andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.

問題1選項

A.aggressive

B.enthusiastic

C.considerate

D.ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.aggressive好斗的，挑釁的B.enthusiastic熱情的，熱心的

C.considerate考慮周到的，為（他人）著想的D.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“計劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學位”可知，Mysisterisquite______表示的意思是“我妹妹雄心勃勃”。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】我妹妹雄心勃勃，計劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學位。

7.單選題

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

問題1選項

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意為約束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室內(nèi)；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘記；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來。選項C與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問題1選項

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問題4選項

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一位權威專家認為夢這種極度強烈的精神活動不僅能被控制，而且是有意識地控制，幫助我們?nèi)胨⑶腋杏X更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此選項A“可以被更改”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“通過提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)，作者想要說明什么問題”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng))是情緒大腦（emotionalbrain），因此可以推斷出作者在此處是想說明情緒與做夢之間的關系，選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段第二句話提到“在上半夜往往會做不好的夢，然后再睡醒前夢開始變好。這種情況暗示人們在夢里解決白天產(chǎn)生的負面情緒”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感覺出現(xiàn)在入睡的較早階段。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第四段提到“做夢的過程不一定是無意識的。Cartwright認為我們可以練習有意識地控制不斷出現(xiàn)的噩夢。醒來后確定在夢中令你苦惱的事情，設想一下你想要的結局，等下次它再次出現(xiàn)，嘗試在正好能控制它的過程的時候醒過來”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我們能夠控制做夢的進程，說明夢境不一定是無意識的，而有可能是做夢的人有意識而為之。因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段第一句提到我們可能根本沒有關注我們的夢（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些長期受噩夢折磨的人需要去咨詢理療師的建議，其他人的大腦可以自動消除不良情緒（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是說按照往常那樣來生活就可，選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.

“No.”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,isn’tit?”

“Great!Andthenafterawhilewe’llgoforwardtothedinnerandgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar.”

“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—aren’tit,Jack?”

“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains.“Yousee,it’sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42.”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

“Oh,arewe?”shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit:Toevince（表現(xiàn)出）surpriseatherhusband’sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband’sfaceshone.

“IboughtitinSanAntonfromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.

“It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,”shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry（調(diào)情；賣俏）.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

1.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseof（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdepictstheinteriorofthecoach?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?

4.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatinthedining-car（）.

問題1選項

A.secrecy

B.elation

C.superiority

D.awkwardness

問題2選項

A.Modern.

B.Luxurious.

C.Practical.

D.Complex.

問題3選項

A.Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.

B.Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.

C.Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.

D.Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.

問題4選項

Alikeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop

Bhiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence

Csweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice

Dasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil

問題5選項

A.thewaitersweresnobbish

B.thecouplefeltillatease

C.theservicewassatisfactory

D.thecoupleenjoyedtheirdinner

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前半部分分別對這對黑人夫婦的描述“他坐在那里像一個在理發(fā)店等待的人。他向其他乘客投去的目光是偷偷摸摸的、害羞的。他們使她很尷尬。當她上車時，有些乘客漫不經(jīng)心地打量著她，這讓她羞紅了臉。這副相貌平平的下層階級的臉蛋，原本線條簡單，幾乎沒有什么表情，使得臉上的紅暈很奇怪。”通過這些信息我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這對夫婦很不自然，所以作者描寫他們的著裝和行為是為了體現(xiàn)出他們的尷尬，笨拙。所以選項D“awkwardness”正確。secrecy“秘密”；elation“興高采烈，得意洋洋”；superiority“優(yōu)越”，其他選項均不正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。原文第九自然段提到了火車內(nèi)部的裝飾，“thedazzlingfittings令人眼花繚亂的設施”，“thesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.海綠色的天鵝絨、閃閃發(fā)光的黃銅、銀和玻璃，以及像油池表面一樣閃閃發(fā)光的木頭”，這些信息都表明，火車內(nèi)部的裝飾非常奢華。所以選項B正確。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第十自然段“...anumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.許多旅客用嘲弄的眼光望著他們?！庇纱丝芍疖嚿掀渌藢@對夫婦的態(tài)度是把他們當做一個笑柄，所以選項A符合原文。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。metaphor指的是隱喻，暗喻。首先需要明確暗喻和明喻的區(qū)別，它們都有本體和喻體，但比喻詞有差別。明喻一般用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等比喻詞；暗喻一般不用這些比喻詞，直接將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過比較形成。選項A和D可首先排除，因為它們屬于明喻。選項B不是比喻句，所以只有選項C正確，將地平線比作懸崖。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個自然段，這對夫婦在餐車區(qū)遇到了一位服務員，服務員因為非常高興所以對他們很友好，但除了這位服務員之外，還有其他的服務員，在第二句的時候就提及“兩排穿著閃閃發(fā)光的白色西裝的黑人侍者，帶著事先得到警告的人的興趣和鎮(zhèn)定，盯著入口的地方?！币约白詈笠痪洹爱斔麄兓氐阶约很噹麜r，臉上流露出一種逃離的慶幸?！庇纱丝芍?，這對夫婦感到非常的不自在，所以選項B正確。

10.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問題1選項

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤色；（使）完美，改進”；C選項optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開，關押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽到了這個壞消息，但當他對員工們講話時，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項正確。

11.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問題1選項

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atanyprice“無論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關鍵信息widely，可知選項C符合題意。

12.單選題

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

問題1選項

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距離遠的”；loving“忠誠的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪視的”。句意：我們對Ralph叔叔有一種反射式的疏遠式的喜愛，這個無聊的家伙一次性沒完沒了地講了很多我們不知道的故事。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors―habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto-Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever―hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offspring,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyritualsslippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns.”saidCarolBeming,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamblethecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Beminghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughcruelandendlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

1.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap（

）.

2.Theexampleofbrushingteethshowsthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto

3.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto

4.HowdidCarolBemingseecreatingautomaticbehaviorsamongconsumers?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisingonpeople’shabits?

問題1選項

A.shouldbefurthercultivated

B.aredeeplyrootedinhistory

C.shouldbechangedgradually

D.arebasicallyprivateconcerns

問題2選項

A.perfectedartofproducts

B.commercialpromotions

C.automaticbehaviorcreation

D.scientificexperiments

問題3選項

A.showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

B.revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

C.indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

D.manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

問題4選項

A.Itmaynotbringhugeprofitsforcompanies.

B.Ithasbecomeanewfieldofscientificresearch

C.Itmeansaheavyinvestmentforcompanies

D.Itisnecessaryforthesuccessofnewproducts.

問題5選項

A.Indifferent

B.Negative

C.Positive

D.Biased

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits提到這個博士的觀點：因為我們不知道如何改變?nèi)藗兊牧晳T，所以有像手臟了而不用肥皂洗手的根本公共健康問題仍然是導致人類死亡的事物。而這種習慣需要培養(yǎng)。選項A符合題意。

2.文章第四段acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands提到在廣告普及之前很少有人會有規(guī)律地刷牙，由此可知選項B