考研考博-英語-吉林建筑大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林建筑大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

問題1選項

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾結;displace轉移,取代。句意：自由意志使我們能盡情釋放自己的激情;自由引領我們走向更高的道路，去開啟生命的奧秘。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.Bossesneedtounderstandthatpeoplewithdifferingbackgroundswillcomeupwithideasindifferentwaysandgivethemtheflexibilitytobecreativeintheircustom.

Thatcomestogetherwithacouplesteps;first,managersneedtobesuretheyareactivelypursuingnewhiresthatnotonlyadddiversitybutalsoofferanewperspective.

ThekeyisnotjustaddingaHispanicwomantothestaffbecauseyoudon’thaveonenow.It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.

TaketheaccountingfirmDeloitte,anearlyadopterofdiversity.Thefirmwastrainingminoritiestobecometopmanagers,butthenitoftenlostthembeforetheyreachedtheexecutivelevel—asoftenhappensinthatprofession.SoDeloittecreatedanewexecutivetrainingprogramthaturgeditsaccountantstostayonratherthanjumpingtoanotherfirmforadvancement.Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.

Butit’snotjustaboutputtingminoritiesinafewjobsandhavingthemrunthingsasusual.Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.

Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.It’sunderstandingtheexperienceofpeopleandwhattheycanbringtoyourbusiness.

Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.

Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Whatismostvaluedaboutminoritygroups?

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinthefourthparagraph?

4.Whatistheadvantageofaminoritybankworkeraccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisafloatingmarketprobablylike?

問題1選項

A.Itisbeneficialforcompaniestohirepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

B.Adiverseworkforcewilldogoodtothecompanyifmanagedproperly.

C.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundscancontributedifferentideas.

D.Theimportanceofminoritypeopleisgettingmoreandmoreattention.

問題2選項

A.Theirlocalculture.

B.Theiruniqueexperience.

C.Theirdifferentperspectives.

D.Theirexecutiveability.

問題3選項

A.Deloitteattachedimportancetohavingminoritiesinitstopmanagement.

B.Talentlossatexecutivelevelisacommonoccurrenceinaccountingbusiness.

C.Propertrainingisnecessaryforminoritiestomakemorecontribution.

D.Minoritiesaremorelikelytolookforanewcompanyforbetteropportunities.

問題4選項

A.Hewillspendmoretimeandenergypersuadingclientstodepositmoneyinhisbank.

B.Heknowsbetterhowtokeepthebank’sreputationandwintheclients’trust.

C.Itiseasierforhimtodeveloparelationshipwithimmigrantsfromhishomecountry.

D.Heunderstandsbettertheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenbankandclients.

問題5選項

A.Itsellsgoodsfromallovertheworld.

B.Itisamarketonthewater.

C.Itdoesnothaveafixedlocation.

D.Itsellsgoodsatratherlowprice.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到“Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.（只有管理好員工，才能看到多元化員工隊伍的好處。）”，后文第六段又提到“Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.（擁有多樣化的勞動力是唯一的優(yōu)勢，如果你能夠利用這種多樣性。）”，由此可知本文主要闡述的是多元化的員工隊伍對公司的作用，B選項“如果管理得當，多元化的員工隊伍對公司有好處”符合文章大意。A選項“公司雇傭不同背景的人是有益的”說法太絕對，忽略了管理的作用；C選項“不同背景的人可以提出不同的想法”以及D選項“少數(shù)民族的重要性越來越受到重視”都包含在B選項中，因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.（最好是找那些背景和你現(xiàn)有員工不同的人，因為他們可能會以不同的方式找到解決方案。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族群體最被看中的是他們不同的觀點，C選項“他們的觀點不同”說法正確。A選項“他們的當?shù)匚幕?；B選項“他們獨特的經(jīng)歷”以及D選項“他們的執(zhí)行能力”均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句話“Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.（這確保了公司為高層管理人員培養(yǎng)的少數(shù)族裔在晉升之前不會離開公司）”以及前文提到的少數(shù)民族群體會提供不同意見可知德勤會計師事務所重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔，從而能夠擁有更多的不同的意見，A選項“德勤重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔”說法正確。B選項“高管層人才流失是會計行業(yè)的常見現(xiàn)象”文章沒有提到；C選項“少數(shù)民族要做出更大的貢獻，就必須進行適當?shù)呐嘤枴蔽恼乱矝]有提及；D選項“少數(shù)族裔更傾向于尋找一家新公司來獲得更好的機會”說法太絕對，文章只說了該事務所有這樣的問題，并不能說明所有的少數(shù)族裔都傾向于尋找更好的機會。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.（例如，來自銀行倒閉或根本不受信任的國家的移民，在存款之前可能需要與分行的某個人建立關系。一個了解這種關系的當?shù)胤中薪?jīng)理更有可能得到這項業(yè)務。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族銀行職員更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關系，因此C選項“他更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關系”符合題意。A選項“他會花更多的時間和精力說服客戶把錢存在他的銀行里”；B選項“他更懂得如何維護銀行的聲譽，贏得客戶的信任”以及D選項“他更了解銀行和客戶之間關系的重要性”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后兩段“Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.（浮動市場只是其中的一個小縮影。每天，當?shù)厝撕陀慰投荚谠敿毧疾鞆拇仙斐龅目磁_和柜臺。顧客的膚色和背景各不相同，這正是島民喜歡的方式。同樣的情況也可能發(fā)生在辦公室。但這取決于管理者如何表現(xiàn)出他們對創(chuàng)意的重視程度，就像浮動市場一樣。）”，由此可知浮動市場的位置不是固定的，它可以發(fā)生在船上，也能在辦公室里發(fā)生，因此C選項“它沒有固定的位置”符合題意。A選項“它銷售來自世界各地的商品”；B選項“這是一個水上市場”以及D選項“它以相當?shù)偷膬r格出售商品”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問題2選項

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

問題3選項

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

問題4選項

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

問題5選項

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章前半部分主要提到了與經(jīng)濟相關的規(guī)律，壟斷經(jīng)濟形勢對經(jīng)濟帶來了重大影響。文章后半部分將壟斷經(jīng)濟層面延伸至政治層面，提出在政治選舉中也出現(xiàn)了相似的壟斷統(tǒng)治規(guī)律，這樣的民主實際上不是真正的民主。所以，本文主要圍繞現(xiàn)代社會的選舉政治這個話題展開的。選項D符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章一二段主要提到了在經(jīng)濟層面出現(xiàn)的一種壟斷經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，導致供不應求。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections”，可知選舉領域和經(jīng)濟領域類似，在選舉中往往是雙頭壟斷。可推斷出一二段提到的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象主要是為了引出政治層面存在的政治壟斷現(xiàn)象。選項C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。Infront“在前面”；Attheforefront“最前沿”；Inthecenter“在中央，表具體位置”；Inthemiddle“在中間，表具體位置”。句意：廣告作為一種增加市場份額的主要方式出現(xiàn)在市場的前端，不從事破壞性的、損益性的價格競爭。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.”，可知政治經(jīng)濟學的基礎是兩黨一致同意的，不公開辯論或討論。這里是說兩黨在政治方面壟斷，因此并不是說他們對于政治經(jīng)濟基礎有一致觀點，而是完全由他們議定，不讓公眾或其他黨派插手。因此C選項符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“whatwouldbecalleda‘weakdemocracy’”，可知在文章末尾出現(xiàn)了Macpherson關于weakdemocracy的觀點，可推斷出，在接下來的文段中，可能會進一步對weakdemocracy進行討論。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto（）itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.

問題1選項

A.extend

B.enlarge

C.expand

D.amplify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:公司董事會決定擴大經(jīng)營范圍，將服裝業(yè)務的各個方面都包括在內。

考查動詞辨析。extend延伸；擴大（尤指時間或空間的延長）；enlarge擴大（主要指面積或體積等的擴大）；expand擴張；發(fā)展（指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴大或增加）;amplify擴大；增強（常指聲音的擴大或電磁波的增強，也指補充了細節(jié)、詳述或擴大內容等。）。根據(jù)后面的句意“將服裝業(yè)務的各個方面都包括在內”可知C項正確。

5.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)（

）manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問題1選項

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項dedicate“致力，獻身”；B選項articulate“善于表達的；口才好的”；C選項exasperate“激怒，惡化”；D選項formulate“規(guī)劃，制定”。A、C、D都為動詞，不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準確地表達自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容詞的意思應該是“善表達的”，句意為：赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個能言善辯的人，能把自己的想法準確表達出來。故正確答案選B。

6.單選題

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed,notlettinganyofthefood（1）theplate,usingtheknifeonlyforcutting,andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,（2）theyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.（3）,whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,（4）,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthatthey（5）it.

ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,（6）,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairs（7）thecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehouse（8）atoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlessthey（9）onacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexist（10）.

IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotso（11）.InNorthAmericaitispoliteto（12）meatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthand,andeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetime（13）theyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksaresuedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,（14）,itiscorrecttokeepthesameknifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

Drinkingcustomsattable（15）varyindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmealsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeverage（16）coffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.

Tablemannersofcourse（17）withtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapot（18）thefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.

Fingerswereusedtoeatfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Food（19）woodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesat（20）.InthereignofHenryVII(1509-1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscarriedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.

問題1選項

A.fallon

B.fallin

C.falloff

D.fallout

問題2選項

A.but

B.so

C.however

D.nor

問題3選項

A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Onthecontrary

D.Indeed

問題4選項

A.however

B.yet

C.forinstance

D.but

問題5選項

A.finisheating

B.haveappreciated

C.areliking

D.preferto

問題6選項

A.furthermore

B.however

C.so

D.inaddition

問題7選項

A.areusing

B.havereplaced

C.takeaway

D.takeon

問題8選項

A.presides

B.holds

C.stares

D.stands

問題9選項

A.are

B.sit

C.aresat

D.weresitting

問題10選項

A.sideinside

B.sidetoside

C.sidebyside

D.sideforside

問題11選項

A.marked

B.subtle

C.considerate

D.attractive

問題12選項

A.cutoff

B.cutaway

C.cutup

D.cutdown

問題13選項

A.if

B.which

C.unless

D.when

問題14選項

A.so

B.and

C.inaddition

D.however

問題15選項

A.so

B.also

C.yet

D.then

問題16選項

A.forexample

B.suchas

C.forinstance

D.takeasanexample

問題17選項

A.havechanged

B.hasdeveloped

C.havereplaced

D.haskept

問題18選項

A.on

B.in

C.above

D.beyond

問題19選項

A.iseatenup

B.wereeaten

C.waseatenoff

D.hasbeeneaten

問題20選項

A.atthetable

B.still

C.in

D.belowthesalt

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）fallon落到,指向；fallin塌陷,跌入；falloff減少,跌落,下降；fallout發(fā)生,脫落。根據(jù)句意：不要讓食物從盤中跌落。選項C符合句意。

（2）結合原文句意可知,這里應填入but表轉折。

（3）結合上下文句意可知,這里填入Indeed最恰當,句意：事實上,在其他一些國家被認為是好的餐桌禮儀卻是英國人竭力避免的。選項D正確。

（4）根據(jù)原文可知,這里是用阿拉伯人來進行舉例。對上句觀點舉例說明,所以選項C符合原文。

（5）根據(jù)原文可知選項A,C,D均不符合語法結構,所以不正確。句意：他們大聲打嗝以示感激。選項B正確。

（6）根據(jù)句意：在東方,富人和受教育程度較高的人在很大程度上已經(jīng)接受了西方人的餐桌禮儀和習俗。沒有因果關系,也沒有遞進關系,所以選項A,C,D不正確。根據(jù)haveto可知,選項B符合原文。

（7）原文指桌子和椅子替代了過去的坐墊,只有選項B符合原文。

（8）presideat主持,負責；holdat將溫度保持在...度；stareat凝視,盯??；standat達到,躊躇。根據(jù)句意：女主人像西方婦女一樣,負責在餐桌的一頭招待客人。選項A符合句意。

（9）根據(jù)句意可知,這里表示他們坐在坐墊上。選項A和B結構不完整,首先排除；unless表假設,等于ifnot,根據(jù)語境可知選項D正確。

（10）句意：在世界上許多地方,傳統(tǒng)和西方的飲食方式并存。選項A和D無此用法,選項B的用法是fromsidetoside從一邊到另一邊；sidebyside并排,一起,并行不悖。選項C符合原文。

（11）marked有記號的,顯著的；subtle微妙的,精細的；considerate體貼的,顧慮周到的；attractive吸引人的,有魅力的。句意：在西方,不同的國家有不同的餐桌禮儀,盡管差異不是很顯著。選項A符合原文。

（12）cutoff切斷,中斷；cutaway切掉,砍掉；cutup抨擊,切碎；cutdown削減,砍倒。句意：在美國北部,把肉切好后放下刀,然后用右手拿叉子吃肉,這是很禮貌的做法。選項C符合原文句意。

（13）根據(jù)句意：大部分歐洲人,比如英國人,他們在吃需要切碎的食物的時候總是左手拿叉,右手拿刀。選項D符合原文。

（14）結合上下文句意可知,這里應該是表轉折,所以選項D正確。

（15）上文主要是說各個國家的餐桌禮儀不同,這里是說各個國家的飲酒習俗也不同。所以選項B正確。

（16）根據(jù)原文可知這里是舉例子的意思。選項A和C一般做插入語或位于句首,需用逗號隔開；選項D后面接句子也需要用逗號隔開,所以只有選項B正確。

（17）根據(jù)下文“Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.”可以推測,這里指餐桌禮儀隨著時間的推移而在變化,選項A符合原文。

（18）根據(jù)句意：每個人都從架在火上的鍋里拿食物,或者從煮熟的動物或鳥身上切一塊下來。所以這里用介詞on最為恰當。

（19）eatup吃光,耗盡,擊垮；eatoff用…吃。根據(jù)句意：紳士坐在上座,他們用木盤子吃東西。選項C符合原文句意。

（20）根據(jù)上文“thenoblemensittingabovethesalt”貴族坐在上座,所以普通人應該與之相反,坐在下座。選項D正確。

7.單選題

Theyhavemadea（）plantobuildasuspensionbridgeovertheriver.

問題1選項

A.band

B.bound

C.bond

D.bold

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項band“用帶綁扎；給……鑲邊；樂隊”；B選項bound“被束縛了的”；C選項bond“結合的”；D選項bold“大膽的，英勇的”。句意：他們已做出了一個大膽的計劃，要在這條河上建一座吊橋。由空格后的關鍵詞“plan計劃”可知“大膽的”符合句意，因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

GeorgeWashington（）.

問題1選項

A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero

B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero

C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

【答案】D

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般將來時態(tài)的用法。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，如果謂語中有名詞短語時，此時要借助been來一起組成其謂語成分，即have/hasbeen+名詞短語；在一般將來時態(tài)中，如果謂語動詞中有名詞短語，此時要借助be來一起組成其謂語成分，即be+名詞短語。所以選項D正確。句意：GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美國英雄，并將永遠是。

9.單選題

Itmaybenecessarytostop（）inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.

問題1選項

A.atadistance

B.atintervals

C.atcase

D.atlength

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項atadistance“在遠處”；B選項atintervals“不時”；C選項atcase“在……領域”；D選項atlength“終于”。句意：在學習過程中，可能有必要每隔一段時間就停下來回顧一下課程中的難點。本句表示每隔一段時間，因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse.Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeablackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie.Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.ItwouldbehardtofindanybodywhohadnotplayedgamessuchasBlindMan’sBuff.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.

Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross.Theyfirstofalltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthem,thenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparisonwithwhatisknownofoldtimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theyendeavortodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.

Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritualorservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtostationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas"forluck,"butactuallyashoeisanoldfertilitysymbolandhasaplaceintheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.

1.Whichofthefollowingaccordingtothewriter,canbemostusefultopeoplewhostudyfolklore?

2.Howdopeopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitions?

3.Whichofthefollowingartpeoplewhostudyfolkloremostunlikelytodo?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhypeoplestudyfolklore?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?

問題1選項

A.Anoldfarmerwhosefamilyhasbeenlivinginthecountryforgenerations

B.Aprofessorofmedicineatauniversity.

C.Acarpenterwhohasbeeninthetradeforyears.

D.Alittlegirlwhohasjuststartedtogotoschool.

問題2選項

A.Bypuffingtheminalargestore-house

B.Bywritingthemdowninbooks

C.Bywordofmouth

D.Byplayinggames

問題3選項

A.Collectingrecordsofoldbeliefsandpractices.

B.Comparingthepresentcustomswiththoseofoldtimes.

C.Findingoutthepurposecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve.

D.Criticizingtheoldbeliefsandsuperstitions.

問題4選項

A.Becauseitisascience.

B.Becausetheywanttobetterunderstandpresentcustoms.

C.Becausetheywanttofurtherdeveloptheoldbeliefsandcustoms.

D.Becausetheywanttoshowhowold-fashionedandsillytheoldbeliefsandpracticesare.

問題5選項

A.Thecustomswhichappearunpracticalareworthlesstopeoplewhostudyfolklore.

B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.

C.Presentcustomshavenothingtodowiththoseofoldtimes.

D.TheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestineareverysimilar.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents(每個人都是民間傳說的儲藏室，盡管不是每個人都意識到這一點。事實上，受過最少書本教育的人往往最堅定地相信世代相傳的舊思想和迷信，而這些都是世世代代以口頭的方式流傳下來的、正是這些人，忠實地傳承著那些從祖輩那兒流傳下來的風俗)。由此推測，A項“世代生活在農村的老農”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞oldideasandsuperstitions定位至第一段第三句:oldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations(這些舊思想和迷信說法都是世世代代以口頭的方式流傳下來的)。因此C項“以口頭方式流傳”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross(那些研究民俗學的人沒有誰會傻乎乎地、幼稚地或者守舊地去批判那些無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)的古老的信仰和習俗)。因此，D項“批判古老的信仰與迷信”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出了人們研究民俗學的原因:Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse(民俗學是人類學的一個分支，它涉及研究地方習俗、傳說以及傳統(tǒng)，因為這些東西像其他任何東西一樣具有研究的科學價值)。故選A項“因為它也是一門科學”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。A:似乎不切實際的風俗對于研究民俗學毫無價值。B:某些風俗的原因在歷史的長河中會發(fā)生改變。C:現(xiàn)有的風俗與舊時風俗沒有任何關系。D:中國和巴勒斯坦的婚禮習俗非常相似。最后一段第四句指出:inthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom(隨著時間的推移，風俗習慣被賦予了新內涵)。因此B項正確。其余三項均與原文不符。

11.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.

B.Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.

C.Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.

D.Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.

問題2選項

A.Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.

B.Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.

C.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.

D.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.

問題3選項

A.Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.

B.Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.

C.Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.

D.Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.

問題4選項

A.Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.

B.Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.

C.Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.

D.Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

SwedenwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,[19]butitmaysoondoawaywithphysicalcurrencies.

Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadachesbymovingtoacash-freesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theft,anddirtymoney.

ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saystheWesternworldisheadedtowardaworldwithoutphysicalcurrency.

AndyHolder—thechiefeconomistatTheBankofEngland—suggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoesacashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense?

“Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutofsociety,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpayments—isthisactuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit?”

[20]Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcauseapersontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperiment