考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)東方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)東方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】詞匯題。

disclosure披露,

揭發(fā)；exhibition展覽,

顯示；contact接觸,

聯(lián)系；exposure暴露,

曝光。句意：過度暴露在x射線下會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、癌癥或?qū)ι眢w造成其他傷害。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted（）ofherchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)support“支持；供養(yǎng)；支持者”；B選項(xiàng)retention“保留；扣留，滯留”；C選項(xiàng)perseverance“堅(jiān)持不懈；不屈不撓”；D選項(xiàng)custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)；拘留；撫養(yǎng)權(quán)”。句意：在離婚中，母親通常獲得子女的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”可知“撫養(yǎng)權(quán)”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

Filleachofthenumberedblanksinthefollowingpassagewithonesuitableword.

Fromthebeginning,waterhasfurnishedmanwithasourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstarose（1）waterwasadominantelementintheenvironment,achallenge（2）man'singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe365（3）.calendarinresponse（4）theNile'sannualflooding.TheBabylonians,whowereamong（5）mostfamouslaw-makers（6）antiquity,devisededictsregulatingwaterusage.WaterinspiredtheChinese（7）builda1,000milecanal,acomplexsystem（8）,afternearly2,500years,（9）stillpartlyinuseandstillcommandstheaweofengineers.Buttheancientsneverfoundcompletesolutions（10）theirwaterproblems.TheHwangHo,orYellowRiverisalsoknown（11）"China'sSorrow";itissoerraticanddangerous（12）inasinglefloodithascausedmilliondeaths.FloodshazardedthegreatcivilizationoftheIndusRivervalley,andinadequatedrainageruinedmuch（13）itslanD.Today（14）dominatesmanasitalwayshas（15）.Itspresencecontinuestogovernthelocationofhishomesandcities;itstempestuousvariabilitycankill（16）orhisherdsorhiscrops;itsrouteslinkhimto（17）fellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd（18）.alreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamples（19）thisinour（20）time.

【答案】1.where

2.to

3.day

4.to

5.the

6.in

7.to

8.which

9.remains

10.to

11.as

12.that

13.of

14.water

15.done

16.man

17.his

18.his

19.of

20.own

【解析】1.考查狀語從句。此處大意為：第一次發(fā)生在水在環(huán)境中占主導(dǎo)地位的地方?？崭袂笆莿?dòng)詞，空格后為一個(gè)句子，結(jié)合句意和語境得知正確答案為where。

2.考查固定搭配。achallengeto...“對(duì)……的挑戰(zhàn)”。

3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日歷”可知應(yīng)該填入day。

4.考查固定搭配。inresponseto“對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)”。

5.考查最高級(jí)。most修飾形容詞表示最高級(jí)，和the搭配。

6.考查介詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“antiquity古代”，以及空格前為完整句子，因此填入in，表示時(shí)間。

7.考查介詞。介詞to與后文動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不定式，空格前是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

8.考查定語從句?？崭袂笆敲~結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后是缺乏主語的句子，結(jié)合語境，填入which構(gòu)成定語從句。

9.考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)，由and并列，此處應(yīng)是與commands構(gòu)成并列謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文stillpartlyinuse可知此處最佳答案為remains。

10.考查固定搭配。solutionto“解決……的辦法/方法”。

11.考查固定搭配。beknownas“被稱之為……”。

12.考查固定搭配so...that...“如此……以致于”。

13.考查詞組。muchof“大量，許多的”。

14.考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文，此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。

15.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，應(yīng)填入done。

16.考查名詞。根據(jù)后文的or和his可知應(yīng)填入man。

17.考查代詞，根據(jù)前文提到hisherdsorhiscrops判斷出此處填入his。

18.考查詞組。addto“增加，加強(qiáng)”。

19.考查介詞。前文example和后文this表示所屬，因此填of。

20.考查代詞/形容詞。根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞inour...time，以及句意：我們自己的時(shí)代，可知此處填own“自己的；特有的”。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運(yùn)（被抓到真實(shí)的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運(yùn)）），根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some可知，A選項(xiàng)“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應(yīng)很強(qiáng)烈”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“摩托車司機(jī)可能會(huì)被警察錯(cuò)誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護(hù)”錯(cuò)誤，第一段這個(gè)例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī)，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護(hù)的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項(xiàng)“紅路燈會(huì)說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項(xiàng)決定更加激發(fā)了關(guān)于增加使用該設(shè)備的決定），從fueled這個(gè)詞可知并不是這項(xiàng)判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了關(guān)于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項(xiàng)“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項(xiàng)文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示，69%的美國(guó)人支持使用該設(shè)備。但是，至少有7個(gè)州打回了關(guān)于安裝這些設(shè)備的提案），所以D選項(xiàng)“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Opponents”（反對(duì)者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對(duì)者……認(rèn)為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設(shè)備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負(fù)責(zé)從安裝機(jī)器到識(shí)別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機(jī)的動(dòng)機(jī)。），這里可知C選項(xiàng)“攝像頭確實(shí)是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關(guān)鍵詞minimal可知D選項(xiàng)“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯(cuò)誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發(fā)誓，研究表明，機(jī)器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實(shí)并非如此，華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長(zhǎng)特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為?！拔覀儨p少了死亡人數(shù)?！保┻@兩句可以看出交警部門認(rèn)為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項(xiàng)“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項(xiàng)“攝像頭不應(yīng)該由私人公司運(yùn)營(yíng)”，D選項(xiàng)“公司運(yùn)營(yíng)攝像頭的目的不應(yīng)該賺錢”，這兩個(gè)都不是交警部門的看法，C選項(xiàng)“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項(xiàng)“細(xì)微的”；B選項(xiàng)“普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)“巨大的”D選項(xiàng)“無限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達(dá)70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當(dāng)可觀）”，我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬美元?！斑@一切都是關(guān)于錢，”國(guó)會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評(píng)者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數(shù)量巨大，不然不會(huì)受到來自國(guó)會(huì)議員的批評(píng)。由此推測(cè)，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關(guān)于錢”國(guó)會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評(píng)者。）所以選B選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)美國(guó)特殊賺錢方式”。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對(duì)者但是不是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，排除A；C選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾對(duì)技術(shù)是否充滿信心”，文中沒有提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑電子收集信息的權(quán)威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“積極”；B選項(xiàng)“消極”；C選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現(xiàn)象，文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度，所以對(duì)于作者的態(tài)度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國(guó)）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機(jī)們已經(jīng)開始采取行動(dòng)，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項(xiàng)“采用極端的手段對(duì)付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機(jī)也不支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭被毀壞”，數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭是總數(shù)而不是被毀壞的數(shù)量，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及，所以排除。

5.單選題

Theofficialsaidthedevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilitytofosterglobaleconomicgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.helptodevelop

C.upset

D.acquire

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。foster表示“促進(jìn)，撫育”；A項(xiàng)affect“影響”，B項(xiàng)helptodevelop“幫助發(fā)展”，C項(xiàng)upset“使心煩，顛覆”，D項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”。句意：這位官員表示，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有責(zé)任促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)句意可知，foster在句中表示“促進(jìn)發(fā)展”；該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.

Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.

Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.

Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.

1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis（）.

2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis（）.

3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled（）.

4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moralcontrol

B.politicalpower

C.anarchy

D.authority

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commitment

B.power

C.authority

D.government

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.authority

B.charisma

C.legitimacy

D.morality

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.

B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.

C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.

D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人類群體生活方式所產(chǎn)生的機(jī)構(gòu),它維持著一系列的社會(huì)控制以防止混亂。反過來說,缺乏社會(huì)組織和社會(huì)控制,認(rèn)為政治權(quán)威是不必要的,是無政府的狀態(tài)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知,社會(huì)控制的內(nèi)在化形式是政府。選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的產(chǎn)物,它的有效性取決于社會(huì)成員是否愿意把政府的權(quán)威看作是正當(dāng)?shù)暮驼x的東西。所以正當(dāng)行使合法權(quán)力被稱為權(quán)威。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多數(shù)成員接受沒有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久。也就是說,政治控制不能在沒有道德控制的社會(huì)中存在。選項(xiàng)B與之剛好相反,所以不正確。

7.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根據(jù)柏林自由大學(xué)蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究，蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準(zhǔn)確的。），說明最新研究表明人們之前對(duì)蜜蜂的印象是不準(zhǔn)確的。因此C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對(duì)蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對(duì)蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對(duì)蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)”，本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關(guān)系，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對(duì)蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識(shí)”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學(xué)習(xí)能力來彌補(bǔ)它們明顯的懶惰。），說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的學(xué)習(xí)能力很強(qiáng)”，C選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有高智商”，D選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認(rèn)同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英國(guó)養(yǎng)蜂人協(xié)會(huì)的主席格林?戴維斯說，蜜蜂不是懶惰而是有效率……也許人類應(yīng)該向它們學(xué)習(xí)，而不是像無頭雞一樣跑來跑去。），說明格林?戴維斯認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該向蜜蜂學(xué)習(xí)如何提高工作效率。因此D選項(xiàng)“如何提高工作的效率”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何更快地工作”，B選項(xiàng)“如何活得更久”，C選項(xiàng)“如何相互合作”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也許與德國(guó)的工作效率相比，蜜蜂確實(shí)看起來很懶），說明德國(guó)人很忙碌，工作很勤奮，蜜蜂和其對(duì)比起來就顯得比較懶惰。因此B選項(xiàng)“非常忙碌和努力工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“容易受到民族性格的影響”，原文說的是門澤爾教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影響，而不是說德國(guó)人，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與蜜蜂有許多共同之處”，D選項(xiàng)“傾向于看不起懶惰的人”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，雖然有最新研究的結(jié)果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奮的形象還是很難改變，最后用IBM的廣告舉例表明人們?nèi)匀缓艹绨菝鄯淝趭^的特性。因此A選項(xiàng)“顯示了忙碌的蜜蜂這一觀念的流行”正確。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)了忙碌的蜜蜂的負(fù)面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一種負(fù)面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)公眾對(duì)忙碌的蜜蜂形象的討論”，原文沒有描述其引發(fā)的討論，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑忙碌的蜜蜂與人類的比較”，原文沒有質(zhì)疑，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan’slabour（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.rarity

C.vacancy

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline“下降”；rarity“罕見”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；shortage“短缺”。句意：日本勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題不容易解決。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thosewho（）trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:違反交通法規(guī)的那些人應(yīng)該受處罰。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rotate(使)旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);(工作)由…輪值;violate違反,違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等),侵犯(隱私等);abuse濫用,虐待;degrade貶低,使……丟臉,使……降級(jí),使降解。因此B符合句意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章由問句導(dǎo)入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責(zé)是跟隨自己的思維能力達(dá)成其可能帶來的結(jié)論，沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”，然后指出“思考者需要獨(dú)立思考”的觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨(dú)立思考的重要性”進(jìn)行論述，可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)獨(dú)立思考的需要”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“理性時(shí)代”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“反駁的價(jià)值”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的人們的思想”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.（只知道自己一方（觀點(diǎn)）的人對(duì)這個(gè)知之甚少。她的（辯護(hù)）理由也許很好，沒人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對(duì)方的理由；如果她連它們（對(duì)方的論點(diǎn)）是什么都不知道，她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。

A選項(xiàng)“有無法反駁的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“暫停異端的推測(cè)，支持教條主義的方法”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），停止了異端猜測(cè)反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致思想停滯不前，這里屬于反向干擾，不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何