考研考博-英語-蘭州交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Ourresearchteamis（1）tocompleteamajorproject.Ourfindingswillbe（2）inaseriesofarticlesscheduledtoappearnextyear.Iwillalso（3）theresultsataconferencebeing（4）inSydneylaterthisyear.

句意:我們的研究小組將要完成一個(gè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。我們的研究成果將發(fā)表在一系列計(jì)劃明年出現(xiàn)的文章中。隨后我也將在今年的悉尼會議上公布這些成果。

【答案】1.going

2.published

3.announce

4.held

【解析】1.固定搭配。Begoingtodo將要。

2.語義題。發(fā)表用publish,此處為被動語態(tài)，故用published。

3.語義題。此處表示“公布成果”。

4.固定搭配。holdaconference舉辦會議。這里是被動語態(tài)故用held。

2.單選題

Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.Decadesago,whenthetechnologyconsistedsolelyofmassive,number-crunchingmainframecomputers,thechiefliberalartsapplicationswereincompilingstatisticalindexesofworksofliterature.

Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask,whichdatesbacktotheRenaissance,ofcatalogingeachreferenceofaparticularwordinaparticularwork.Concordanceshelpscholarsscrutinizeimportanttextsforpatternsandmeaning.Otherhumanitiesapplicationsforcomputersinthisearlyeraoftechnologyincludedcompilingdictionaries,especiallyforforeignorantiquatedlanguages,andcataloginglibrarycollections.

Suchtypesofcomputerusageinthehumanitiesmayseemlimitedatfirst,buttheyhaveproducedsomeinterestingresultsinthelastfewyearsandpromisetocontinuetodoso.Ascomputeruseandaccesshavegrown,sohasthenumberofdigitizedtextsofclassicliteraryworks.

Thecomputer-basedstudyofliterarytextshasestablisheditsownnicheinacademia.DonaldFoster,anEnglishprofessoratVassarCollegeinPoughkeepsie,NewYork,isoneoftheleadersintextualscholarship.Inthelate1980sFostercreatedSHAXICON,adatabasethattracksallthe“rare”wordsusedbyEnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespeare.EachofthesewordsappearsinanyindividualShakespeareplaynomorethan12times.Thewordscanthenbecross-referencedwithsome2,000otherpoetictexts,allowingexperiencedresearcherstoexplorewhentheywerewritten,whowrotethem,howtheauthorwasinfluencedbytheworksofotherwriters,andhowthetextschangedustheywerereproducedoverthecenturies.

Inlate1995Foster’sworkattractedwidespreadnoticewhenheclaimedthatShakespearewastheanonymousauthorofanobscure578-linepoem,AFuneralElegy(1612).Althoughexpertshadmadesimilarclaimsforotherworksinthepast,Fostergainedthebackingofanumberofprominentscholarsbecauseofhiscomputer-baseapproach.IfFoster’sclaimholdsuptolong-termjudgment,thepoemwillbeoneofthefewadditionstotheShakespeareancanoninthelast100years.

Foster’sworkgainedfurtherpublicacclaimandvalidationwhenhewasaskedtohelpidentifytheanonymousauthorofthebest-sellingpoliticalnovelPrimaryColors(1996).Afterusinghiscomputerprogramtocomparethestylistictraitsofvariouswriterswiththoseinthenovel,FostertabbedjournalistJoeKleinastheauthor.Soonafter,Kleinadmittedthathewastheauthor.FosterwasalsoemployedasanexpertinthecaseofthenotoriousUnabomber,aterroristwhopublishedananonymousmanifestoinseveralmajornewspapersin1995.

1.Thispaperwillmainlydiscuss（）.

2.whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Fosteridentifiedtheauthorofananonymousmanifestoby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablybeinferredfromthepassage?

5.By"accesshavegrown"inparagraph3,theauthorprobablymeansthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advantageofcomputerusageinthestudyofhumanities

B.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingstatisticindexesofliteraryworks

C.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingdictionaries.

D.contributionsofcomputer-basedstudyofliterarytexts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.AFuneralElegywasanauthenticworkfromShakespeare.

B.ComputerutilizationmadeForster'sclaimmoreconvincing.

C.Inthelast100years,additionalworksofShakespearehavebeenacceptedasauthentic.

D.Therearestillmanyworkswhoseauthorsareunknown.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.studyingthewritingcharacteristicofthesuspects

B.cross-referringthemanifestowithotherterrorists

C.gainthesupportofwell-knownscholars

D.applyingcomputerstothestudyofitsstyles

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthepast,mainframecomputerswereusedtohandlenumbers.

B.Computersusageinliberalartisnarrow.

C.Humanitiesapplicationsforcomputersmightproduceunexpectedresults.

D.Computersarebestindealingwithforeignorantiquatedlanguages.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.morepeopleareabletologontoacomputersystem.

B.meansofapproachingacomputerssystemareexpanded.

C.technologyofcomputershavebeenupgraded.

D.areawherecomputerscanbeappliedhaveincreased

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文分析可以看出，第一段的第一句為本文的中心句。“Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.”所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，F(xiàn)oster聲稱莎士比亞是《葬禮晚歌》的匿名作者，因?yàn)樗谟?jì)算機(jī)的方法得到了知名學(xué)者的支持。本段的最后一句提到，如果Foster的主張經(jīng)得起長時(shí)間的推敲判斷，這首詩將是過去100年里莎士比亞經(jīng)典中為數(shù)不多的幾首增補(bǔ)作品之一。由此推斷，選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。

3.根據(jù)原文的后半部分可知Foster證實(shí)匿名作品的作者是通過應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)（比較不同作家的文體和風(fēng)格）來研究其風(fēng)格。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Suchtypesof...continuetodoso.”可知，選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，選項(xiàng)D也不正確，所以本題選C。

5.access意為可接近的，可獲得的。這里指計(jì)算機(jī)的普及，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

“Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.Thus,everyBritishmarriageindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily—hencethetremendousimportanceofmarriageinBritishlife.

Forboththemanandthewoman,marriagemeansleavingone’sparentsandstartingone’sownlife.Theman’sfirstdutywillthenbetohiswife,andthewife’stoherhusband.Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.Theirchildrenwillbetheircommonresponsibilityandtheirsalone.Neitherthewife’sparentsnorthehusband’s,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.

ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl’sparents,thatis,itwastheparents,dutytofindasuitablehusbandfortheirdaughter,preferablyarichone,andbyskillfulencouragementtoleadhimeventuallytoasktheirpermissiontomarryher.Untilthattime,thegirlwasprotectedandmaintainedintheparents’home,andthefinancialreliefofgettingridofhercouldbeseenintheirgivingthenewlymarriedpairasumofmoneycalledadowry（嫁妝）.Itisverydifferenttoday.Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults:agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Familyisofcourseanelasticword”？

2.ForanEnglishfamily,thehusband’sdutyis（）.

3.Everythingisdecidedinafamily（）.

4.WhatistrueconcerningthebookPrideandPrejudice?

5.WithregardtomarriageinBritain,present-daygirlsdifferfromformertimegirlsin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Differentfamilieshavedifferentwaysoflife.

B.Differentdefinitionscouldbegiventotheword.

C.Differentnationshavedifferentfamilies.

D.Differenttimesproducedifferentfamilies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.supportingthefamilywhilethewifeisfinancial

B.defendingthefamilywhilethewifeisrunningthehome

C.financialwhilethewifeisrunningthehome

D.independentwhilethewifeisdependent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bythecouple

B.withthehelpoftheirparents

C.bybrothersandsisters

D.withthehelpofauntsanduncles

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthebestbookonmarriage.

B.Itisahandbookofmarriage.

C.ItgivesquitesomeideaofEnglishsociallifeinthepast.

D.Itprovidesalotofinformationofformertimewealthyfamilies.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therighttomarry

B.moreparentalsupport

C.choosinghusbands

D.socialposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段““Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.“家庭”當(dāng)然是一個(gè)有彈性的詞。但是，當(dāng)英國人說他們的社會是建立在家庭生活的基礎(chǔ)上時(shí)，他們所想到的“家庭”是一種狹隘的、具有歐洲特色的意識，即母親、父親和孩子作為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會單位獨(dú)自生活在自己的房子里?！笨芍藢τ诩彝サ亩x比較狹隘，因此第一句提到的“家庭是一個(gè)有彈性的詞”說的是家庭可以由許多不同的定義。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.他將完全負(fù)責(zé)她的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，而她將負(fù)責(zé)組建新家。”可知在英國家庭，丈夫的職責(zé)是掙錢養(yǎng)家。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Neitherthewife’sparentsnorthehusband’s,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.妻子的父母、丈夫的父母、兄弟姐妹、叔叔阿姨都沒有權(quán)利干涉他們——他們是自己的主人。”可知家庭的一切都是由夫妻做主。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl’sparents,讀過簡?奧斯汀的《傲慢與偏見》等小說的人都知道，在過去，富裕家庭的婚姻都是由女孩的父母包辦的”可知這本書主要講述了富裕家庭的女孩的婚姻故事。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults:agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.今天的大多數(shù)女孩在離開學(xué)校后就找到了工作，在結(jié)婚前就在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立了。這導(dǎo)致了兩個(gè)結(jié)果：女孩選擇自己的丈夫，而她得不到嫁妝?！笨芍?dāng)今的女性經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立了，能夠自己選擇丈夫，故C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.Assoonastheyhadletthefowlsout,intheearlysummermornings,theyhadtotaketheirgunsandkeepguard;andthenagainassoonaseveningbegantomellow,theymustgooncemore.Andhewassosly.Heslidalonginthedeepgrass;hewasdifficultasaserpenttosee.Andheseemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately.OnceortwiceMarchhadcaughtsightofthewhitetipofhisbrush,ortheruddyshadowofhiminthedeepgrass,andshehadletfireathim.Buthemadenoaccountofthis.

Thetreesonthewoodedgewereadarkish,brownishgreeninthefulllight—foritwastheendofAugust.Beyond,thenaked,copper-likeshaftsandlimbsofthepinetreesshoneintheair.Nearertheroughgrass,withitslong,brownishstalksallagleam,wasfulloflight.Thefowlswereroundabout—theduckswerestillswimmingonthepondunderthepinetrees.Marchlookedatitall,sawitall,anddidnotseeit.SheheardBanfordspeakingtothefowlsinthedistance—andshedidnothear.Whatwasshethinkingabout?Heavenknows.Herconsciousnesswas,asitwere,heldback.

Sheloweredhereyes,andsuddenlysawthefox.Hewaslookingupather.Hischinwaspresseddown,andhiseyeswerelookingup.Theymethereyes.Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.

Shestruggled,confusedlyshecametoherself,andsawhimmakingoff,withslowleapsoversomefallenboughs,slow,impudentjumps.Thenheglancedoverhisshoulder,andransmoothlyaway.Shesawhisbrushheldsmoothlikeafeather,shesawhiswhitebuttockstwinkle.Andhewasgone,softly,softasthewind.

Sheputherguntohershoulder,buteventhenpursedhermouth,knowingitwasnonsensetopretendtofire.Soshebegantowalkslowlyafterhim,inthedirectionhehadgone,slowly,pertinaciously.Sheexpectedtofindhim.Inherheartshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Whatshewoulddowhenshesawhimagainshedidnotconsider.Butshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Soshewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither...Assoonassupperwasover,sheroseagaintogoout,withoutsayingwhy.Shetookhergunagainandwenttolookforthefox.Forhehadliftedhiseyesuponher,andhisknowinglookseemedtohaveenteredherbrain.Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim.Shesawhisdark,shrewd,unabashedeyelookingintoher,knowingher.Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegreyishwhite.Andagainshesawhimglanceoverhisshoulderather,halfinviting,halfcontemptuousandcunning.Soshewent,withhergreatstartledeyesglowing,hergununderherarm,alongthewoodedge.Meanwhilethenightfell,andagreatmoonroseabovethepinetrees.

1.Atthebeginningofthestory,thefoxseemstobeallEXCEPT（

）.

2.Asthestoryproceeds.Marchbeginstofeelunderthespellof

（

）.

3.GraduallyMarchseemstobeinastateof

（

）.

4.Attheendofthestory,thereseemstobeasenseof

（

）

betweenMarchandthefox.

5.Thepassagecreatesanoverallimpressionof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cunning

B.fierce

C.defiant

D.annoying

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelight

B.thetrees

C.thenight

D.thefox

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.blankness

B.imagination

C.sadness

D.excitement

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detachment

B.anger

C.intimacy

D.conflict

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mystery

B.horror

C.liveliness

D.contempt.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.狐貍真的把他們都激怒了”可知選項(xiàng)D“惱人的”正確；根據(jù)第一段第三句“Andhewassosly.并且他是如此的狡猾。”可知選項(xiàng)A“狡猾的”正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Buthemadenoaccountofthis.但是他卻不把（March向他開槍）這件事放在心上?！币簿褪钦f，狐貍這里是在挑釁March，所以選項(xiàng)C“挑釁的”也正確。只有選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及，所以本題選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.他（狐貍）認(rèn)識她。她被迷住了——她知道他認(rèn)識她。所以他看著她的眼睛，她的靈魂辜負(fù)了她。他認(rèn)識她，并不畏懼?！庇纱丝芍?，March是被狐貍迷住了。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第五段最后三句“Soshewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither.于是她心不在焉地在樹林邊上走來走去，一雙明亮的黑眼睛睜得大大的，兩頰微微泛起紅暈。她什么都沒有想。她莫名其妙地走來走去。”由此可知，March似乎進(jìn)入了一種放空的狀態(tài)，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim....Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegreyishwhite.她并不怎么想他，而是被他迷住了。她感到他無形地控制了她的靈魂。她知道他抬起頭來時(shí)下巴是怎樣垂下來的，她知道他的口鼻是怎樣的，金褐色的，灰白色的?！庇纱丝赏茢啵诠适碌慕Y(jié)尾，March和狐貍之間似乎有親昵的感覺，選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講的是March和狐貍之間的故事。根據(jù)原文中的描述可知，全文整體營造的是一種神秘的氛圍，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.apparently

D.approximately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precisely表示“精確地，恰恰”；B選項(xiàng)appropriately表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，合適地”；C選項(xiàng)apparently表示“顯然地，表面上”；D選項(xiàng)approximately表示“大約，近似地”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我們沒有辦法測量準(zhǔn)確距離。所以后文中的距離只能是大約值，因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)?！揪湟狻课覀儧]有辦法測量走過的準(zhǔn)確距離，但我們認(rèn)為大約是5英里。

6.單選題

Thewomanwasworriedaboutthesideeffectsoftakingaspirins,butherdoctor（

）herthatitisabsolutelyharmless.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrieved

B.released

C.reassured

D.revived

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retrieve“檢索；恢復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)release“釋放；放開；發(fā)泄”；C選項(xiàng)reassure“使安心；安慰”；D選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)興；使蘇醒”。句意：這位婦女擔(dān)心服用阿斯匹林會有副作用，但她的醫(yī)生……她說這是絕對無害的。醫(yī)生對于患者的擔(dān)心自然是“安慰；使安心”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。pickup撿起，獲得；copewith處理，應(yīng)付；passout昏倒，分發(fā)；getacross通過，使被理解。根據(jù)下文，讓清潔女工把打印好的小紙條寄出去讓寄件人稍后再寫。這是處理郵件的一種方式，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Maryonce（

）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。merge“混合”；collaborate“合作”；coincide“一致”；constitute“組成，構(gòu)成”。句意：瑪麗曾經(jīng)與另外一位音樂家合作寫了一首流行曲。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Lacking（

）politicalgoals,thetwopartiesquarreled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intricate

B.coherent

C.intrinsic

D.distinct

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)intricate“復(fù)雜的”；B選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的”；C選項(xiàng)intrinsic“本質(zhì)的，固有的”；D選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的，獨(dú)特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目標(biāo)，兩黨發(fā)生了爭吵。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

11.單選題

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)article“文章”；B選項(xiàng)adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)ancient“古代的”；D選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜歡人造花而不喜歡天然花。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

12.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,intheend,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Whatdoestheword“daunting”inthethirdparagraphmean?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Employmentbecomewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodemmeansoftransportation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpreindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shocking

B.Interesting

C.Confusing

D.Stimulating

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.（當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候把一些努力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)移到幫助許多沒有全職工作的人管理的緊迫的實(shí)際任務(wù)上了），可知D選項(xiàng)“一些努力和資源應(yīng)該用來幫助更多的人應(yīng)對失業(yè)問題”正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.（17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生，從而剝奪了他們對土地的使用權(quán)，從而失去了維持生計(jì)的手段），可知A選項(xiàng)“就業(yè)在17和18世紀(jì)變得普遍”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提到就業(yè)普遍；B選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)仍將是工業(yè)化國家的主要問題”和C選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束”沒有在文章內(nèi)具體提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife（與此同時(shí)，就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作，把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子，這已成為一種慣例），可知C選項(xiàng)“婦女從家務(wù)勞動中解脫出來”錯(cuò)誤，原文只是提到就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位，沒有說要讓婦女從家務(wù)中解脫出來；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved...（17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生，從而剝奪了他們對土地的使用權(quán)，從而失去了維持生計(jì)的手段。然后，工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了家庭手工業(yè)，將工作從人們的家中移走。后來，隨著交通運(yùn)輸?shù)母纳啤┛梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動”，B選項(xiàng)正確“工廠的發(fā)展”以及D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代交通工具的發(fā)展”在文中都有提到；因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.（現(xiàn)在，民意調(diào)查開始顯示出一種不情愿的普遍共識，即無論誰是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，無論從現(xiàn)在開始發(fā)生什么，高失業(yè)率很可能會持續(xù)下去）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)接受民意調(diào)查的人認(rèn)為失業(yè)問題可能不會在短時(shí)間內(nèi)得到解決”正確；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)修建新鐵路和工廠時(shí)，許多農(nóng)民失去了他們的土地”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.（與此同時(shí)，就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作，把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子，這已成為一種慣例）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“在前工業(yè)社會，家務(wù)勞動和社區(qū)服務(wù)主要由婦女進(jìn)行”錯(cuò)誤，并不包括社區(qū)服務(wù)；根據(jù)第三段第二句Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.（工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束，它所帶來的一些工作模式的變化可能不得不被逆轉(zhuǎn)）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代帶來的工作模式的一些變化已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn)了”錯(cuò)誤，原文沒有提到已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn)；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字daunting可以定位到第三段Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.（這似乎是一個(gè)令人氣餒的想法，但事實(shí)上，它可以為工作提供一個(gè)更好的未來）由but可以得知but前后想表達(dá)的含義相反，daunting（令人氣餒的），因此C選項(xiàng)“令人困惑的”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。定位到原文第二段Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?（我們必須問一些關(guān)于未來工作的問題。我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)當(dāng)作常態(tài)嗎?難道我們不應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)有自尊心的人以其他方式工作嗎?難道我們不應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件，讓我們中的許多人能夠?yàn)樽约汗ぷ?，而不是為雇主工作嗎？難道我們不應(yīng)該讓家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，成為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知B選項(xiàng)“將就業(yè)視為常態(tài)”不被建議作為應(yīng)對當(dāng)前情況的可能手段；且A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造人們?yōu)樽约汗ぷ鞯沫h(huán)境”，C選項(xiàng)“努力使家庭和社區(qū)重新成為生產(chǎn)中心”，以及D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們在正常工作條件以外的環(huán)境下工作”是可能的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

15.單選題

Sincespeechissuchafamiliaractivity,itisoftenregardedasauniversalendowment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gift

B.event

C.trait

D.habit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。endowment表示“捐贈，天資”。A項(xiàng)gift“天資，禮物”，B項(xiàng)event“事件”，C項(xiàng)trait“特性，品質(zhì)”，D項(xiàng)habit“習(xí)慣，嗜好”。句意：由于演講是令大家如此熟悉的意象活動，所以它被視為一種人人具備的天賦。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

16.單選題

Thiscountry'sdevelopmentofsciencewasgreatlyunderminedforlargenumbersofscientific（）wereejectedfromtheirmotherlandsincethedictatorcameintopower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.galaxy

B.elite

C.personnel

D.swarm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:galaxy“銀河”；B:elite“精英”；C:personnel“全體人員”；D:swarm“一大群”。句意：這個(gè)國家的科學(xué)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重破壞，因?yàn)樽詮莫?dú)裁者掌握政權(quán)，大量的科學(xué)精英就離開了故鄉(xiāng)。由句意可知B為正確答案。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostkidsgrowuplearningtheycannotdrawonthewalls.Butitmightbetimetounlearnthattraining—thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsof