考研考博-英語-無錫城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-無錫城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

問題1選項

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

問題2選項

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

問題3選項

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問題4選項

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺感知的局限性阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題，隨后由該問題引入極長波長量子的概念并加以討論，所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題，所以A選項‘討論一個阻礙對世界的精確認(rèn)知的問題’正確；B選項“指出現(xiàn)行測量單位的不合理性”、C選項“對于將觀察者與被觀察物進行區(qū)分的行為進行批判”和D選項“比較不同的科學(xué)對于如何測量和觀察世界的問題的不同假設(shè)”都只是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分。

2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運用了類比的修辭手法，要想找到作者以孩童作畫作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.然而，任何儀器都無法超越一個極限:這個極限是由我們無法接收比單個量子能量所傳遞的更小的感官數(shù)據(jù)所造成的。由于這些量子被認(rèn)為是不可分割的能量包體，因此不能進一步退退，我們達到了一個無法進一步解決世界問題的地步。”推斷出A選項是對這兩句的句義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.”“當(dāng)我們只需測量能量時，這些帶有極長波長的量子是有用的。但是對世界絕然精確的感知，還將有賴于對我們所期望感知的物體的長度以及位置作出準(zhǔn)確的測量，而在這一方面帶有極長波長的量子就沒有什么作用了”確定帶有極長波長的量子不能用來獲取物質(zhì)世界的信息的原因為D選項“不能對長度和位置進行精確測量”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:...anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.”主要講到了在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體被假定為絕然互不相關(guān)的，然而，量子理論暗示情形恰恰相反，因為每一項觀察都涉及一個完整的量子從客體到主體的過渡，而現(xiàn)在看來，這一過渡構(gòu)成了觀察者與被觀察物之間的一種重要的結(jié)合。由此可知量子理論和己有的物理理論之間的區(qū)別在于量子理論對于觀察者與被觀察物內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的理解，B選項正確。

2.單選題

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

問題1選項

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天都有人來參觀城堡的遺址。location“場所”；highland“高低”；site“遺址”；desert“沙漠”。根據(jù)句意，選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問題1選項

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項agustof“一陣（風(fēng)）”；C選項atuftof“一叢”；D選項afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.Manufacturerswhointegratemayreapshort-termrewards,buttheyoftenrestricttheirfuturecapacityforinnovativeproductdevelopment.

Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.Wherecomponentsarecommodities(ferrousmetalsorpetroleum,forexample),backwardintegrationalmostcertainlyprofits.Nevertheless,becauseproductinnovationmeansadoptingthemosttechnologicallyadvancedandcost-effectivewaysofmakingcomponents,backwardintegrationmayentailaseriousriskforatechnologicallyactivecompany—forexample,aproducerofsophisticatedconsumerelectronics.

Acompanythatdecidestomakeratherthanbuyimportantpartscanlockitselfintoanoutdatedtechnology.Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.Moreover,whenanassemblersetsouttomasterthetechnologyofproducingadvancedcomponents,theresultingdemandsonitsresourcesmaycompromiseitsabilitytoassemblethesecomponentssuccessfullyintoendproducts.Long-termcontractswithsupplierscanachievemanyofthesamecostbenefitsasbackwardintegrationwithoutcompromisingacompany’sabilitytoinnovate.

However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.Becausetheabilityofend-productassemblerstorespondtomarketopportunitiesdependsheavilyonsuppliersofcomponents,assemblersareoftenforcedtointegratebypurchasingthesuppliersofcomponentsjusttokeeptheirsuppliersinbusiness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarebenefitsassociatedwithbackwardintegrationEXCEPT（）.

2.Accordingtopassage,whenanassemblerbuysafirmthatmakessomeimportantcomponentoftheendproductthattheassemblerproduces,independentsuppliersofthesamecomponentmay（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaythelastparagraphfunctionsinthecontextofthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingrelationshipsbetweenprofitsandinvestmentsinresearchanddevelopmentholdstrueforproducersoftechnologicallyadvancedcomponents?

問題1選項

A.improvementinthemanagementofoverheadexpenses

B.enhancementofprofitmarginsonsalesofcomponents

C.simplificationofpurchasingandmarketingoperations

D.reliabilityofasourceofnecessarycomponents

問題2選項

A.withholdtechnologicalinnovationsfromtheassembler

B.experienceimprovedprofitmarginsonsalesoftheirproducts

C.lowertheirpricestoprotectthemselvesfromcompetition

D.sufferfinancialdifficultiesandgooutofbusiness

問題3選項

A.Thelastinaseriesofargumentssupportingthecentralargumentofthepassageispresented.

B.Aviewpointispresentedwhichqualifiesonepresentedearlierinthepassage.

C.Evidenceispresentedinsupportoftheargumentdevelopedintheprecedingparagraph.

D.Questionsarisingfromtheearlierdiscussionareidentifiedaspointsofdepartureforfurtherstudyofthetopic.

問題4選項

A.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredandtheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

B.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredbuttheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarequitehigh.

C.Despitethehugeinvestmentsthatarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentssalesarehigh.

D.Becausehugeinvestmentsarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.”，可知“向后一體化”消除了一些采購和營銷工作的需要，集中了運營費用，并允許制造商消除研究和開發(fā)中的重復(fù)工作。所以A項“改進運營費用的管理”屬于“向后一體化”帶來的好處，排除A；C項“簡化采購和運營工作”屬于好處之一，排除C；又根據(jù)文章第一段“Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.”，可知當(dāng)代制造商需要可靠的材料來源和先進的技術(shù)零件才能盈利，他們面臨著一個艱難的抉擇：是選擇擁有屬于自己的原材料生產(chǎn)者，也就是所謂的“向后一體化”，還是向獨立的生產(chǎn)商購買原材料。所以“向后一體化”可以保證必要元件的可靠來源，排除D；綜上，選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.”，獨立的供應(yīng)商可能不愿意與他們競爭的裝配商分享創(chuàng)新成果?？赏茢喑霎?dāng)裝配商買下給他們提供生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品的一些重要元件的公司時，此元件獨立的供應(yīng)商不會與裝配商分享創(chuàng)新成果，從而抑制了裝配商的創(chuàng)新，所以選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.”，可知文章最后一段主要提到摒棄向后一體化的策略也不會是一個完整的解決方案，下文對這個觀點進行了詳細(xì)的說明。而作者在上文也反復(fù)提到了向后一體化的優(yōu)點，比如改進運營費用的管理、簡化采購和運營工作等，所以上下文形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系。最后一段提出的觀點進一步證明了上文提出的某些觀點，所以選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句和第三句“Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.”，開發(fā)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)需要獨立的零部件供應(yīng)商投入巨額資金進行研發(fā)。由此導(dǎo)致的零部件銷售的低利潤率威脅著這些公司的長期財務(wù)穩(wěn)定?？赏茢喑鰧τ诟呖萍荚a(chǎn)商來說，由于需要大量的投資，所以零部件銷售的利潤會降低。選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

人和人之間沒什么大的差別。任何人都是偉大與渺小、善良與邪惡、高尚與低俗的混合體。有的人個性比較堅毅，或者機會比較好，所以能在某個方而更自由地發(fā)揮自己的稟賦，但是人的潛能都是相同的。就拿我來說，我認(rèn)為自己并不比大多數(shù)人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我記下我生命中每一個舉動和每一個掠過腦海的想法的話，世人將會把我視作一個邪惡的怪物。每個人都會有這些怪念頭，認(rèn)識到這一點，人們就更能包容自己、包容他人。認(rèn)識到這一點，我們就能以同情的態(tài)度看待同伴，即便他們是最優(yōu)秀最值得尊敬的人：認(rèn)識到這一點，我們也就不會把自己太當(dāng)一回事了。

【答案】Thereislittledifferencebetweenpeople.Everymanisahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobilityandbaseness.Somepeoplehavemorestrengthofcharacter,orbetteropportunities,sotheycanusetheirgiftsmorefreelyinonedirectionoranother,butpeople’spotentialisthesame.Formypart,Idon’tthinkI’mbetterorworsethanmostpeople,butIknowifIwritedowneveryactioninmylifeandeverythoughtthatcrossesmymind,otherpeoplewillregardmeasanevilmonster.Everyonehasthesewhims,andbyrecognizingthatpeoplearemoretolerantofthemselvesandothers.Byrecognizingthis,wecanviewourfellowmenwithcompassion,eveniftheyarethebestandmostrespectable.Byrecognizingthis,wedon’ttakeourselvestooseriously.

6.單選題

Manyproverbs（

）inancientGreeceandRomeandmedievalEurope,spreadingfromcountrytocountryinLatintexts.

問題1選項

A.designated

B.descended

C.originated

D.created

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。designated指明，指派；descend遺傳下來，來自；originated起源，來源，發(fā)生；create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作。句意：許多來源于古希臘、羅馬和中世紀(jì)的歐洲的格言，以拉丁文字的形式在國家之間傳遞著。起源于originatein，只有C項符合句意，答案C。

7.單選題

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

問題1選項

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

問題2選項

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

問題3選項

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially

C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas

D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers

問題4選項

A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums

B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies

C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding

D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想要告訴我們什么？”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.（這是一個全新的圍繞品牌建立的世界。強勢收費、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌無處不在。），接下來幾個段落，作者通過舉例指出品牌和營銷在人民生活中的不斷滲入，包括衣服、電視節(jié)目、公共空間和教室等，并且品牌和營銷使得公司費用增加，從而迫使公司降低員工的成本；綜合推斷可知，這篇文章主要講的是品牌和營銷在人們生活的方方面面中過度滲透，D項“品牌和營銷在人們生活中的過度存在”正確；A項“公司現(xiàn)行做法存在的問題”和B項“當(dāng)前營銷活動和策略的性質(zhì)”都只是文章的部分內(nèi)容；C項“品牌在美國文化中的重要性”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項是品牌在人們生活中日益增多的一個因素？”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.（但是，隨著品牌滲透到我們生活的方方面面，然后是過度滲透，它們背后的公司引來了更多的問題和更深入的審視，以及消費者不可避免的強烈反應(yīng)。），以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.（但企業(yè)利用了這些機構(gòu)的需求，影響太遠，用營銷計劃壓倒了公民空間。）綜合推斷，品牌在人們生活中日益增加的一個原因是品牌營銷侵略性太強，故A項“企業(yè)營銷的侵略性”正確；由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府對學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。）可知，B項“學(xué)校和博物館與私營公司合作的意愿”只是市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府開支削減吻合的結(jié)果，并不符合題干；C項“市場營銷方式缺乏政府監(jiān)管”沒有提到；D項“營銷活動占用了公共空間”屬于營銷侵略性的特點。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示美國大多數(shù)合同工……”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.（在美國，合同勞工催生了所謂的“麥當(dāng)勞工作”，雇主和工人都假裝這些工作是臨時的，盡管做這些工作通常是設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人。）可推知，文章暗含的意思就是這些美國合同工養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的，B項“養(yǎng)家糊口可能有困難”正確；A項“假裝是臨時工”在文章中明確提及了，并不是暗含的意思；C項“工作條件與海外的低薪工人相當(dāng)”沒提到；由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.（合同工是臨時雇傭的，按任務(wù)分配，雇主沒有義務(wù)提供任何福利，如醫(yī)療保險或長期的工作保障）可知，D項“有可能從他們的雇主那里得到健康福利”錯誤。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從最后一段可以推斷出……”。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句的內(nèi)容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府對學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。這使得這些機構(gòu)非常愿意、甚至迫切地與私營企業(yè)合作。）可以推斷，學(xué)校、博物館等這些公共機構(gòu)急于通過企業(yè)營銷來削減開支，即作為一種資金的來源，故C項“公共機構(gòu)太急于接受企業(yè)營銷作為一種資金來源”符合題意；最后一段沒有提到聯(lián)邦資金，A項“聯(lián)邦資金不足導(dǎo)致學(xué)校和博物館私有化”不正確；B項“政府減少了學(xué)校和博物館與公司合作的開支”錯誤，并不是政府減少了開支，而是市場營銷；D項“到20世紀(jì)80年代，很少有公共機構(gòu)不是由公司資助的”錯誤，營銷公司幫助公共機構(gòu)的是削減開支，并不是資助。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

8.單選題

Annusedto（）whenwewenttothesameschool.Butnowsheisalwaysontime.

問題1選項

A.beinglate

B.late

C.belate

D.gettinglate

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語。結(jié)合題干和選項可知本題考查非謂語，而usedto后面要加動詞原形表示“過去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合語法規(guī)則。句意：我們在同一所學(xué)校時，安總是遲到。但是現(xiàn)在她總是很準(zhǔn)時。

9.單選題

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.

問題1選項

A.discern

B.distort

C.distract

D.dazzle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近義異詞解析。discern“辨別，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思為：戴上太陽眼鏡，否則陽光很刺眼，會讓你看不見任何東西。選項D符合題意

10.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項appliance“器具，器械”，B項accessory“配件，附件”，C項machine“機械，機器”，D項mechanism“機制，原理”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個名詞作which定語從句的先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容“使火車不可能相撞”可推斷，空格處填入mechanism“機制”符合語境。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全機制使火車不可能相撞。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

11.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問題1選項

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時。句意：對太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境，可知這個句子的時態(tài)是將來完成時，在這里表示在將來某一時間一直持續(xù)的動作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），A選項willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項正確。

12.寫作題

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?13.單選題

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodation,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginlineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

問題1選項

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

問題2選項

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

問題3選項

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

問題4選項

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

問題5選項

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的談話中使用幽默使人們微笑，你必須知道如何識別共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根據(jù)你的談話對象，問題會有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是討論的問題，并且針對不同的人要用不同的問題，故C選項“向不同的人提出不同的問題”正確。A選項“利用不同類型的觀眾”和D選項“對聽眾表示同情”：根據(jù)第一段第二、三句，幽默必須與聽眾相關(guān)，是因為有助于同情聽眾從而親近聽眾，策略在于談?wù)摰膯栴}。B選項“取笑那些沒有條理的人”：文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的聽眾都對醫(yī)生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說，“但有時他認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生?！保┛芍谧o士眼中，醫(yī)生把自己當(dāng)成神一樣，可以不講道理，故B選項“非常清楚他們神一樣的角色”正確。A選項“對新人無禮”，C選項“有權(quán)享有某些特權(quán)”和D選項“即使在午餐時間也很忙”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

23.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就適合對餐廳難以下咽的食物開玩笑），可知對公共服務(wù)開玩笑往往幽默效果很不錯，故D選項“經(jīng)常拿來開玩笑”正確，C選項“不合適做幽默主題”錯誤。A選項“使許多人受益”和B選項“是公眾關(guān)注的焦點”：文章沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

24.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（如果你在幽默時感到尷尬，必須練習(xí)到更自然……用一種輕松和自然的方式……輕松愉快地說話），可知幽默需要傳達出自然和隨意，故D選項“盡可能隨意”正確，B選項“盡可能尷尬”錯誤。A選項“良好措辭”：措辭方面沒有提到，故錯誤。C選項“陳述夸張”：是方法，不是必要條件，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在談話間用幽默讓人發(fā)笑），后文通過原則和各種方法在講如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥谷税l(fā)笑，故A選項“有效運用幽默”正確。B選項“各式的幽默”，C選項“為演講增添幽默”，D選項“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一個方面或者細(xì)節(jié)，不足以概括全文。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（

）fortheirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項

A.cherish

B.groan

C.immerse

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cherish“珍惜”；B選項groan“呻吟，抱怨”；C選項imm