考研考博-英語-上海興偉學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海興偉學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thesecretarywasharshly（）byherbossformisplacingsomeimportantfiles.

問題1選項

A.rebuked

B.teased

C.washed

D.accused

【答案】A

【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。rebuked“指責”；teased“取笑，戲弄”；washed“洗滌”；accused“控告”，根據(jù)for后面的內容“誤放了重要文件”，可知這位秘書會被老板責備，此處應該使用動詞rebuke的過去分詞rebuked，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：這位秘書因為誤放了重要文件而被老板嚴厲指責了。

2.單選題

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項.distributed“分配，分開”。B選項packed“損失，代價”。C選項prayed“祈禱”。D選項undertook“保證，承擔”。句意：醫(yī)生們把藥品分發(fā)給水災地區(qū)的人們。因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Whenhewasinjuniorhighatfourteen,hisintelligencewassuchthathe（）amongundergraduatesthanamongschoolboys.

問題1選項

A.wouldfitbetterin

B.wouldhavefittedinbetter

C.fittedbetterin

D.wouldhavefittedbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。根據(jù)句意：當他14歲上初中時，他的智力如此之高……。后文的比較說明“amongundergraduates”是說話人的主觀看法，而不是真實情況，因此句子為虛擬語氣。表示與過去事實相反時用“wouldhave”。befitin表示“適合”。因此B選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.

問題1選項

A.stagnated

B.suppressed

C.contrived

D.decimated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項stagnate“停滯，淤塞，變蕭條”，B項suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓，廢止”，C項contrive“設計，發(fā)明，圖謀”，D項decimate“大批殺害，大量毀滅，大大削弱”。根據(jù)worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火災摧毀的世界”可知，humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合語境。句意：悲觀的神話制造者預測世界將被洪水或火災摧毀，人類將被戰(zhàn)爭、饑餓或傳染病奪去生命。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個月內把一個穩(wěn)定的中產階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報進行交易。”由此可知B選項“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對成本和家庭承擔的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計劃正從立法機構蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來醫(yī)療保健的投資風險也增加了?！庇纱丝芍狣選項“增加家庭的投資風險”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠了?！庇纱丝芍狢選項“經(jīng)濟問題可能會帶來政治問題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國中產階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟風險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變，面臨著一系列危機，由此可判斷B項“中產階級在懸崖上”符合題意。

6.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問題1選項

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤色；（使）完美，改進”；C選項optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開，關押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽到了這個壞消息，但當他對員工們講話時，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項正確。

7.單選題

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Extroverts,onthecontrary,willfeellessfearbeforetheordeal.Itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.

Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”,aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

問題1選項

A.theirupbringingveryearlyon

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudience

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressure

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliation

問題2選項

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

問題3選項

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

問題4選項

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof______.1.女性討厭公開演講主要是因為______。

A.theirupbringingveryearlyonA.她們很早就受到了教育

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudienceB.她們無法吸引觀眾

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressureC.她們感到更大的公眾壓力

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliationD.她們更大的屈辱感

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后一句“女性最討厭它，因為女孩從小就受到壓力，要關注各種儀表（sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds）”，從中可知，女性討厭公開演講的原因是，她們感到更大的壓力，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“她們很早就受到了教育”和B項“她們無法吸引觀眾”沒有提到，無中生有；

D項“她們更大的屈辱感”不只針對女性而言，該項曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?2.以下哪項不是作者的觀點？

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.A.像演員一樣演講破壞了演講的要旨。

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.B.為了給人留下好的印象，完美的腳本是必要的。

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.C.自然地演講意味著減少對準備好的腳本的依賴。

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.D.在真實的演講和自然的演講之間應該有一個平衡。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段最后一句“腳本很少起作用，它被用來幫助大多數(shù)演講者”，從中可知，腳本在實際演講中的作用很少，所以完美的腳本并不重要，故B項“為了給人留下好的印象，完美的腳本是必要的”不符合題意。該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“像演員一樣演講破壞了演講的要旨”，根據(jù)第五段的內容“真正的演講，如果像表演一個角色的腳本臺詞，而不是你自己的話，并不能完成任務。盡管政客們可能會通過仔細排練、寫好演講稿來限制損失，但觀眾中總有一種隱性意識，那就是這些話可能不是真的。”，可知，像一個演員一樣做演講脫離了演講的實際目的，該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項“自然地演講意味著減少對準備好的腳本的依賴”，根據(jù)第七段最后一句“腳本很少起作用，它被用來幫助大多數(shù)演講者”可知，該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“在真實的演講和自然的演講之間應該有一個平衡”，根據(jù)最后一段的內容“演講的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無意識的自我意識，有一種表面看起來很自然的假象”可知，該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?3.作者對性格的看法是什么？

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.A.性格是公眾演講成功的關鍵。

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.B.外向的人更擅長演講。

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.C.內向的人要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者就必須更加努力地學習。

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.D.性格之外的其他因素保證了更好的表現(xiàn)。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段“事實上，性格并不能很好地預測誰能做好這件事。不管你在現(xiàn)實生活中是什么樣的人，關鍵似乎是做你自己?！?，從中可知，作者認為性格并不能表明誰做得更好，那么推斷，性格之外的其他因素能使人在演講中有更好的表現(xiàn)。D項意思與之相符，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“性格是公眾演講成功的關鍵”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項反向干擾；

B項“外向的人更擅長演講”，根據(jù)第三段前兩句“相反，外向的人在面對考驗時不會那么害怕。這并不意味著他們一定會做得更好。”，可知該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項“內向的人要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者就必須更加努力地學習”沒有提到，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat______.4.在最后一段，作者建議______。

A.youforgetaboutyournervousnessA.忘記你的緊張

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturallyB.感覺自然，說話自然

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturallyC.你可能會感到緊張，但表現(xiàn)得自然點

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenaturalD.你可以想象自己很自然

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段第一句“從心理上說，演講的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無意識的自我意識，有一種表面看起來很自然的假象（providingtheillusionofbeingnatural）。”，從theillusionofbeingnatural可知，作者建議即使可能你的內心很緊張，在演講時也要表現(xiàn)得很自然。C項“你可能會感到緊張，但表現(xiàn)得自然點”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“忘記你的緊張”、B項“感覺自然，說話自然”和D項“你可以想象自己很自然”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項都曲解原文。

8.單選題

Pickadiseaseatrandom,andthechancesarethatfemalesandmaleswillhandlethepain_______withitdifferently.

問題1選項

A.connected

B.combined

C.associated

D.compared

【答案】A

【解析】connect連接,聯(lián)合;combine使聯(lián)合,使結合;associate聯(lián)想，使聯(lián)合；compare比較,匹敵。句意：隨機選擇一種疾病，很可能女性和男性會以不同的方式處理與之相關的疼痛。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(從家庭生活向獨身生活方式的轉變是上個世紀“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分)。故選A(他們受到強烈的個人主義意識驅使)。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(當代獨自生活的這一代人的成長時期正是歐洲從社會民主政治過渡到更精明、更個性化的美國風格的資本主義氣候的時期)。因此B項(接近美國風格的資本主義)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(雖然領取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是老年婦女，在獨居者中占很大比例，但最新的單身人群是30多歲和40多歲的高收入者，他們越來越把獨居視為一種生活方式選擇),因此選D:最新的單身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她從未想要去做她母親所做的一切一一為了照顧家庭，撫育兒女而放棄事業(yè)。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：過一種自主的生活)。由此可知,A項(一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個人自由的生活)正確。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要寫的是新一代的年輕人受到社會和經(jīng)濟的影響越來越趨向于個人獨居生活，尤其是歐洲青年單身化趨勢的原因。故C項(探討年輕人獨居趨勢)比較能概括作者的寫作目的。

10.翻譯題

剽竊包括但不限于以下形式：為了完成學業(yè)所需要的論文，全部或部分抄襲他人的文章，不提原作者的名字；不經(jīng)消化，也不顧是否符合自己的語言和風格，生搬硬套引用他人著作中的思想，同樣是不提出處；巧妙地改寫他人著作的某個章節(jié)，誤導讀者，偽裝成自己的作品；未經(jīng)任課老師同意，將同一篇論文用于多門課程；未經(jīng)同意或授權，獲取或使用同伴或他人的實際數(shù)據(jù)；更有甚者，為了驗證所期待的實際結果，偽造或篡改實際數(shù)據(jù)。

【答案】Plagiarismincludesbutisnotlimitedtothefollowingforms:inordertofinishingtheacademic-neededpaper,inpartorinwholecopingothersthesiswithoutmentioningtheauthor’sname;regardlessofthelanguageandstyle,mechanicallycitingtheideaofotherpeople’spapersnotreferringtothesource;cleverlyadaptingthechapterofother’swritingtopassitastheirownanddeceivereaders;usingthesamepaperformorethanonecoursewithouttheadmissionoftheteacher;withoutconsentorauthorizing,acquiringorusingthecompanionother’sfactualdate;moreover,forgingortemperingthedatetoverifyingtheexpectedresult.

11.單選題

InAfricaHIVandAIDScontinueto（）thepopulation;nearly60percentofthoseinfectedarewomen.

問題1選項

A.alleviate

B.boost

C.capture

D.ravage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項boost“促進，增加”；C選項capture“捕獲”；D選項ravage“毀壞，破壞，蹂躪”。句意：在非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病繼續(xù)_____人們；將近60%的感染者是女性。這里表達的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐，“蹂躪著那里的人們”，因此D選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Itonlytakesa（）ofasecondforthecomputertodothecalculationwhichahuman

willspenddaystodo.

問題1選項

A.fiction

B.reduction

C.function

D.fraction

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說”；reduction“減少，下降”；function“功能”；fraction“小部分”。句意：電腦只需要一會就完成了人類需要幾天才能完成的運算。選項D符合題意。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一個人談論自己的弱點，那么他就會期望聽者說些鼓勵的話。

考查名詞辨析。assurance保證;擔保;encouragement鼓勵；persuasion勸服；confirmation確認;證實。因此B符合句意。

14.單選題

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（

）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

問題1選項

A.ethical

B.ethnic

C.aesthetic

D.esthetic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“道德的，倫理的”；ethnic“民族的，種族的”；aesthetic“審美的，美學的”；esthetic“審美的”。句意：科學家作為普通人，沒有辦法比其他人更誠實或者品德高尚；但是作為科學家，他們在工作領域中更加重視誠實。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Thedesignofthegymnasiumshowsagreatdealof（）.Wehaveneverseenabuildingofsuchatypebefore.

問題1選項

A.invention

B.fascination

C.solidarity

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。invention“發(fā)明，發(fā)明物”；fascination“魅力，魔力”；solidarity“團結”；originality“創(chuàng)意，獨創(chuàng)性”。根據(jù)后面提到的內容“我們從來沒有見過這類型的建筑”可知該建筑的設計是非常富有創(chuàng)意的，因此選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Rarely（

）atechnologicaldevelopment（

）animpactonmanyaspectsofsocial,economic，andculturaldevelopmentasgreatlyasthegrowthofelectronics.

問題1選項

A.has...had

B.had...had

C.has...has

D.have...had

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句首以否定詞rarely“罕見地”開頭，后面語句形成部分倒裝。句意：很少有一項科技發(fā)展能像電子技術的發(fā)展那樣，對方方面面比如社會、經(jīng)濟、文化等產生如此重要的影響。結合句意及由主語atechnologicaldevelopment可知謂語動詞應為hashad。把has提前后可得A選項。

17.單選題

Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問題1選項

A.urgent

B.hasty

C.instant

D.prompt

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，既然是痛苦的后悔，說明決定很草率，選項B符合語境。

18.單選題

Bribery（）theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

問題1選項

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:aggravates“加重，使惡化；使惱火”；B:deteriorates“惡化，變壞”；C:corrodes“（漸漸）損害；（一點一點地）損傷”；D:degenerates“使退化；惡化；使變質”。句意：賄賂傷害了買賣雙方必須存在的信任。根據(jù)句意及動賓搭配可知C最合適。

19.單選題

Thelegalownershipofthegoods______theselleruntilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

問題1選項

A.relieson

B.consists

C.remainswith

D.fallsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項relyon“依靠；依賴；憑借；信賴”；B選項consists“包括；組成；由；在于”；C選項remainwith“屬于；在；翻譯；取決于”；D選項fallinto“落入；陷入；陷于；河流注入”。句意：在付清全部貨款之前，貨物的所有權屬于賣方。因此C選項正確。

20.單選題

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

問題1選項

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

問題2選項

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

問題3選項

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

問題4選項

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

問題5選項

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoney