考研考博-英語-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問題1選項

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析題。consistent始終如一的，堅持的；continuous連續(xù)的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；continual持續(xù)不斷的，頻繁的。

句意：通過和平的方式實現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，這是我們一貫的政策。選項A符合句意。

2.翻譯題

Inthecaseofartappreciation,psychologicalconditionsarerequired.Orientalartisdedicatednottotheeye,buttothemind.Itisforinternalenjoyment.Theidealwayoflookingatapaintingisnottogotoapublicgalleryorinthemidstofacrowd.Theidealwayistobealonewiththepainting,concentratingone’smindonit,communicatingwithituntiloneentersintotherhythmicvitalityoftheobject.Thegarden,also,isnevermeanttobemonumentalorornamental,butaplaceforspiritualcommunicationandpurification.Intheappreciationofart,naturemustbepenetrated,profoundlyunderstood,reflectedupon.Thisattitudeisalmostareligiousone,andisabsolutelynecessaryintheappreciationofOrientalsculpture.

【答案】就藝術(shù)欣賞而言，需要心理條件。東方藝術(shù)獻身于心靈而非眼睛。它注重于內(nèi)心的享受。看一幅畫的理想方式不是去公共畫廊或在人群中。理想的方法是與畫獨處，專心于畫，與畫交流，直到感覺到它生命的韻律。花園，也從來不是紀(jì)念性的或裝飾性的，而是一個精神交流和凈化的地方。在欣賞藝術(shù)的過程中，必須深入自然，深刻理解自然，反思自然。這種態(tài)度幾乎是一種宗教性的態(tài)度，在欣賞東方雕塑作品中是絕對必要的。

3.單選題

AftertheDemocraticshellackinginthemidtermelection,everyonewonderedhowPresidentObamawouldrespond.

問題1選項

A.fanfare

B.fiasco

C.facade

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項fanfare“（儀式上慶?；驓g迎重要人物到場時）號角齊鳴，嘹亮短曲；大張旗鼓宣揚，熱議”；B選項fiasco“慘??；大慘敗；泥鴿靶”；C選項facade“正面；表面；外觀”；D選項fantasy“幻想；白日夢；幻覺”。句意：民主黨在中期選舉中落敗后，每個人都想知道奧巴馬總統(tǒng)會作何反應(yīng)。shellacking“毆打；徹底擊敗”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄，遺棄”；vanish意為“消失”；scatter意為“驅(qū)散，散開”；abandon意為“放棄，拋棄”；reject意為“拒絕”。

句意：湯普森一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠(yuǎn)離高速公路的樹林里。

5.單選題

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedUtopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問題1選項

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問題2選項

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

問題3選項

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

問題5選項

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith（為什么越來越多的財富不能帶來越來越多的幸福呢？這個問題至少可以追溯到1958年約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯出版的《富裕社會》），說明約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在《富裕社會》一書中提出了為什么財富不能帶來幸福的問題。因此B選項“為什么富裕并不能保證幸?！闭_。A選項“為什么統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不能說明經(jīng)濟的真相”，C選項“今天如何能促進幸?！?，D選項“經(jīng)濟繁榮的背后是什么”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.（在加爾布雷斯看來，物質(zhì)主義太盛行，會滋生不滿情緒。），說明加爾布雷斯認(rèn)為人們感覺不滿意的原因是物質(zhì)主義的肆虐。因此D選項“物質(zhì)主義在現(xiàn)代社會肆意橫行”正確。A選項“公共開支沒有像預(yù)期的那樣被削減”，B選項“政府已被證明是一種必要的罪惡”不是加爾布雷斯認(rèn)為人們不滿的觀點，所以A,B錯誤。C選項“他們對另一次大蕭條心存恐懼”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)代社會的美國已經(jīng)消除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的不幸：貧窮、疾病和寒冷，對經(jīng)濟蕭條的恐懼不會成為他們不滿的原因，所以C錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants（人們感覺“財政緊張”，因為增長的收入滿足不了他們越來越多的需求），說明物質(zhì)追求超出了人們的收入。因此A選項“他們的物質(zhì)追求已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了他們的收入”正確。B選項“他們的購買力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降”，C選項“財富的分配在富人和窮人之間是不平衡的”，D選項“衛(wèi)生保健和教育費用在某種程度上已經(jīng)失去了控制”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thedisposableAmerican”可以定位到文章第五段Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.（人們把工作的穩(wěn)定性看作是他們生活水平的一部分。隨著企業(yè)裁員的增加，這部分已經(jīng)被侵蝕。路易斯?烏奇捷利在他的同名書中寫道，越來越多的工人認(rèn)為自己變成了“被遺棄的美國人”。），說明人們把工作穩(wěn)定當(dāng)作生活水平的一部分，而被解雇的人越多，這種工作安全感也就削弱了，“被遺棄的美國人”在文中是指“沒有穩(wěn)定工作的工人”。因此D選項“不再有穩(wěn)定工作的工人”正確。A選項“那些把工作的穩(wěn)定性看作是他們生活水平的一部分的人”，B選項“因富裕而產(chǎn)生烏托邦思想的人”，C選項“在美國政治中沒有什么發(fā)言權(quán)的人”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第七段第二句Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.（但是，對增長的追求導(dǎo)致了新的焦慮和經(jīng)濟沖突，擾亂了社會秩序。），說明追求富?？赡軒硇碌慕箲]和經(jīng)濟沖突。因此C選項“新的沖突和抱怨”正確。A選項“重新獲得經(jīng)濟保障”，B選項“一種自我實現(xiàn)的感覺”，D選項“痛苦和反社會行為”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯誤。

6.單選題

Astheywatchedthematch,thecrowd（

）inunison.

問題1選項

A.chanted

B.crooned

C.crowed

D.harmonized

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項chant“歌唱，頌揚”；B選項croon“低吟，輕哼”；C選項crow“打鳴”；D選項harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)”。句意：當(dāng)他們在觀看比賽的時候，人群齊聲歌唱。選項A更符合語境。

7.單選題

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsleadtofamilyinstability.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusband-and-wifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethatexpandingthesetoffamiliesthatcaneligiblygetsuchgrantswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.

Ifallpoorfamiliescouldwelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychangemarkedly?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonrelativeimportanceofthreetypesofpotentialwelfarerecipients.Thefirstisthe"Cheater"-thehusbandwhoisreportedtohaveabandonedhisfamily,butinfactdisappearsonlywhenthesocialworkerisintheneighborhood.Thesecondconsistsofalovinghusbandanddevotedfatherwho,sensinghisowninadequacyasafamilysupporter,leavessothathiswifeandchildrenmayenjoytherelativebenefitprovidedbypublicassistance.Thereisverylittleevidencethatthesetwotypesaresignificant

Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Thisgroupislarge.Theformation，maintenance,anddissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepanafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthebenefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionssocietyregardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalprocesshasevolvedtoreinforcemarriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.

Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandlotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.Expectedincomeexertspressuresairfamilyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernment-subsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.Rather,welfare-relatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernment-subsidizedpayments.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarriagewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

4.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina（

）.

問題1選項

A.Welfarerestrictiondonotcontributetolow-incomefamilyinstability

B.Themostsignificantkindofwelfarerecipientsisnotthe"cheating”father.

C.Thedivorcerateisboundtofallwhenwelfarebenefitsarecut.

D.Governmentwelfarepaymentsleaddirectlytogrowingdivorcerate.

問題2選項

A.confidentandoptimistic

B.scientificanddetached

C.discouragedandalarmed

D.politeandsensitive

問題3選項

A.Marriageislargelyshapedbypowerfulbutimpersonaleconomicandsocialforces

B.Marriagehasagreatervaluetohigherincomegroups

C.Societyhasnointerestinencouragingpeopletoremainmarriedtooneanother

D.Marriagewillgraduallygivewaytootherformsofsocialorganization.

問題4選項

A.basiceconomictext

B.bookonthehistoryofwelfare

C.religiousliteratureontheimportanceofmarriage

D.scholarlyjournaldevotedtopublicpolicyquestions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章針對許多批評家對當(dāng)前的福利制度導(dǎo)致家庭不穩(wěn)定的指責(zé)，分析了產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因，并得出了與批評者相反的結(jié)論，所以A選項‘福利限制不會導(dǎo)致低收入家庭的不穩(wěn)定’正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。文中作者科學(xué)而又客觀地(scientificanddetached)分析了造成家庭解體的諸多因素，B選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文中的“Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.婚姻的穩(wěn)定性與就家庭消費和生產(chǎn)達成可接受的共識所付出的代價有關(guān)，也與婚姻社會經(jīng)濟團體不穩(wěn)定的社會盛行價格有關(guān)?！贝_定A選項“婚姻在很大程度上是由強大但客觀的經(jīng)濟和社會力量所決定的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本文主要分析了福利制度與家庭穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系，屬于公共政策問題，所以D選項‘專門研究公共政策問題的學(xué)術(shù)期刊’正確。

8.單選題

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

問題1選項

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車修理工一進入房間就開始脫下他油膩的工作服。根據(jù)常識可知選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Becauseofcarelesswashing,thewoolensweater

toachild’ssize.

問題1選項

A.compressed

B.dropped

C.shrank

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。compress“壓縮，壓緊”；drop“推動；幫助”；shrink“收縮”；diminish“減少”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息achild’ssize可知羊毛衫縮小，因此選項C符合題意。句意：由于洗滌不當(dāng)，這件羊毛衫縮小成了兒童尺寸。

10.單選題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.

2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.

3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry

問題2選項

A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

問題3選項

A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechanges

C.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice

問題4選項

A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustries

C.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustries

D.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback

問題5選項

A.Computersandtheknowledgesociety

B.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSociety

C.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEra

D.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第六句TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.（如今，美國、歐洲和日本的大部分工作（其中許多國家三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)行業(yè)，而且這一數(shù)字還在上升。），可知服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機會，故D選項“服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機會”正確。A選項“服務(wù)業(yè)越來越依賴女性勞動力”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，越來越多女性參加工作，但不等于服務(wù)業(yè)越來越依賴女性。B選項“制造業(yè)穩(wěn)步增長”和C選項“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在工廠工作越來越難以謀生”：根據(jù)第一段第五句，制造產(chǎn)品的人比例急劇下降，沒有提到制造業(yè)薪水問題。因此D選項正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第十句italsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself（它也形成一個基本的新的思考工作本身的性質(zhì)的方式。）和最后一句Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers…allthesearebeingchallenged（長期以來人們對工作和職業(yè)的觀念……所有這些都受到了挑戰(zhàn)），可見人們對工作和職業(yè)的思考方式完全轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種新的，故B選項“人們關(guān)于工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念不再成立”正確。A選項“雇員和雇主之間的差異已經(jīng)變得微不足道”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，雇員和雇主之間的關(guān)系受到挑戰(zhàn)，沒有提到差異微不足道。C選項“大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，兼職工作更多，不等于大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作。D選項“人們不得不時不時地?fù)Q工作”：文章沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

3.綜合歸納題。第二段第一句Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead（我們只要回顧過去，就能對未來有所了解）和最后一句Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob（這將是你工作的方式），可知作者通過舉計算機和其他發(fā)明的例子讓讀者知道未來技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向和對工作的影響，旨在表達要對技術(shù)的進步做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，故A選項“人們應(yīng)該能夠?qū)夹g(shù)的進步做出迅速反應(yīng)”正確。其余選項雖然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A選項正確。

4.綜合歸納題。在第二段中，作者提到Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead…lookingahead20years…castyourmindahead10years（我們只要回顧過去，就能對未來有所了解……展望未來20年……以10年后的角度思考），可見作者反復(fù)強調(diào)現(xiàn)在就要把目光放在未來，故D選項“思考未來，而非看向過去”正確。A選項“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：運用信息解決問題的能力是一方面，不是核心。B選項“充分發(fā)揮大腦潛能的人都從事服務(wù)業(yè)”和C選項“投身服務(wù)業(yè)”：服務(wù)業(yè)在近年來發(fā)展迅速，但文章沒有重點講在未來如何。因此D選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Aneweraisuponus（一個新的時代正向我們走來）和后文強調(diào)隨著時代發(fā)展人們社會生活的變化，可知本文主要講新時代的特征和意義，故C選項“新時代的特征和意義”正確。A選項“計算機與知識社會”，B選項“現(xiàn)代社會的服務(wù)業(yè)”和D選項“信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”都不能完整概括文章主旨。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.

JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.

JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.

Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!

WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.

In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.

JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.

"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans（

）.

1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas

（

）.

2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat

（

）.

4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:

（

）.

5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops

B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon

C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies

D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies

問題2選項

A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld

B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted

C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah

D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.

問題3選項

A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore

B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette

C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops

D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops

問題4選項

A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.

D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

問題5選項

A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney

B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers

C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold

D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。bereluctantto意為“不愿意，不情愿”，dueto意為“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不請其他婦女幫助她。有時，由于家庭責(zé)任，這些婦女不愿意花時間……結(jié)果，盡管很忙，婦女們還是幫助了她）可知A選項說法不正確，這些婦女剛開始的時候并不樂意幫助她，B選項與duetofamilyresponsibilities不符，故排除，C選項在文中沒有提及，故排除，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了JulietteLow雖然耳朵聽不到，但她一直為在世界各地建立女童子軍堅持不懈地努力，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.（她在家鄉(xiāng)薩凡納組建了第一支女童子軍。六個月后，當(dāng)她回到英國時，薩凡納有六支女童子軍）可知C選項說法不正確，Juliette只組建了一支女童子軍，故排除；A選項文中沒有提及，故排除；在根據(jù)后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms（那時，女孩們各自制作了自己的制服）可知D選項“第一個女童子軍團的女孩因爭論，不得不分成六支軍團”最為恰當(dāng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland內(nèi)容可知Juliette先是嫁給了William，然后再去的英國，在那里她對GirlGuidesAssociation產(chǎn)生了興趣并仔細(xì)觀察她們的會議，最后她組建了自己的女童子軍，因此選D。

5.推理判斷題。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵聽不到，嫁給了William，就沒有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C選項文章也沒有提及，只能通過Juliette為建立女童子軍所做的努力，推測她是一個樂于助人的人，因此選B。

12.單選題

Therats（

）bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.

問題1選項

A.develop

B.produce

C.stimulate

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。develop意為“發(fā)展，患(病)，出現(xiàn)(問題)”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)，制造”；stimulate意為“刺激”；induce意為“引誘”。bacterialinfections意為“細(xì)菌感染”，時一種病癥，主語為“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A選項符合邏輯。

句意：老鼠出現(xiàn)了血液細(xì)菌感染。

13.單選題

Please（）thoseoldnewspaperswhileyou’recleaninguptheroom.

問題1選項

A.disposeout

B.disposeof

C.disposeaway

D.disposein

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項disposeout非短語搭配；B選項disposeof處理，轉(zhuǎn)讓，賣掉；C選項disposeaway非短語搭配；D選項disposein非短語搭配。因此，只有B項為正確搭配，且符合題意。句意：請你在清理房間的時候丟掉這些過期的報紙。

14.單選題

Whenwritingaboutcontroversialtopics,someauthorstrytobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.impressive

B.reflective

C.objective

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的，感人的”；reflective意為“反射的，反映的”；objective意為“客觀的，實體的”；persuasive意為“有說服力的”。

句意：在寫有爭議的話題時，有些作者力求客觀。

15.單選題

Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.

問題1選項

A.are

B.do

C.is

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法中的主謂一致。Smallasitis是一個倒裝句，是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，正常語序應(yīng)為asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二個as后是一個倒裝句，主語為allotheranimals，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)為are。故本題正確答案為A。句意：螞蟻雖小，但它是和地球上其它動物一樣的生物。

16.單選題

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問題1選項

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：開車越小心就越好。B選項cannottoo加形容詞“越……越好”，其余選項非固定搭配且不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負(fù)責(zé)；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個案件作證的人，因為其他證人都被神秘殺害了。選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

問題1選項

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎(chǔ)，地基，創(chuàng)立”；juncture“接縫，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社會或宗教等）公共機構(gòu)”；cessation“停止，中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇，但它也不是記錄片?！笨芍崭裉幍木湟馐恰娨曅侣勲s志正好位于信息與娛樂的結(jié)合處，’B選項的“結(jié)合”正確。

19.單選題

Successfulbusin