考研考博-英語-廣東農(nóng)工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東農(nóng)工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“討論會；座談會”；penalty“懲罰，處罰”。句意：在過去的十五年來，跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式，不同年齡段共三千萬人的參與。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問題1選項

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計師開發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵，激勵；foment煽動，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

3.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問題1選項

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項sentimental“多愁善感的”；B選項affectionate“深情的，充滿愛的”；C選項intimate“親密的”；D選項sensitive“敏感的”。根據(jù)句意可知，來自親人的應(yīng)該是深情的，充滿愛的信件，所以選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailway,monopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

34.Theword“arbiters”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.（他們認(rèn)為，來自卡車的激烈競爭消除了任何壟斷的威脅）由此可以推論對于那些支持合并鐵路的人來說，做到壟斷運輸是不可能的，因為還有卡車以及其他運輸工具的威脅。因此C選項“外部競爭者將繼續(xù)存在”，正確，符合題意。A選項“成本的降低是基于競爭”與題意不符可排除，B選項“服務(wù)需要跨貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)”定位到第二段第一句Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.（新的超級系統(tǒng)的擁護者認(rèn)為，這些合并將大幅降低成本，更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。）只是談及合并的好處，與題意不符，可排除。D選項“托運人將扼住鐵路的咽喉”，根據(jù)原文truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（卡車運輸成本太高，因此被鐵路公司扼住了咽喉）表述有誤，偷換主語，可排除。故選C。

32.觀點態(tài)度題。定位在第二段Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（但是，許多托運人抱怨說，對于長途運輸?shù)拇笞谏唐?，如煤炭、化學(xué)品和糧食，卡車運輸成本太高，因此鐵路就會扼住他們的咽喉。）第五段句首Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.（許多受控制的托運人還擔(dān)心，他們很快將遭遇一輪大幅漲價。）以及Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.（許多托運人擔(dān)心隨著諾?？四戏焦竞徒y(tǒng)一鐵路公司牢牢控制住市場，他們將可能成為買單人。）綜上可知，托運人對鐵路行業(yè)的整合是有顧慮和擔(dān)憂的。A選項“漠不關(guān)心的”，B選項“支持的”，C選項“憤怒的”，D選項“憂慮的”。因此D選項符合題意。故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位到第三段最后一句Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.（覺得自己被多收費的托運人有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的陸路運輸委員會上訴，要求降低費率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時，而且只有在真正極端的情況下才會奏效。）由此可以推論出，托運人覺得被多收費時，是可以上訴的，但是很難奏效，除非遇到了非常極端的情況。因此C選項“被收費過高的托運人不太可能請求減免運費”符合題意，正確。A選項“如果沒有競爭對手的鐵路公司，托運人的費用將會降低”根據(jù)原文Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.（鐵路公司對這些托運人收取的費用，通常比有其他鐵路公司競爭業(yè)務(wù)時多20%到30%）可知沒有其他鐵路公司的競爭，對托運人收取的費用不降反增，因此A選項錯誤。B選項“很快全國就會只有一家鐵路公司了”說法過于絕對，范圍太廣，因此B選項錯誤。D選項“一個政府委員會確保鐵路行業(yè)公平競爭”未提及，不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

34.詞義推測題。定位到關(guān)鍵詞Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?（我們真的想讓鐵路公司成為市場中誰贏誰輸?shù)摹瓎?？）A選項“協(xié)調(diào)者”，B選項“法官；裁判員”，C選項“交易監(jiān)督員”，D選項“定價人”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞匯winorlose“輸或贏”，主要是依靠裁判員界定的。因此B選項符合題意。A，C，D均與題意不符。故選B。

35.客觀事實題。定位在文章的最后一段Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.（鐵路行業(yè)作為一個整體，盡管有著光明的命運，但其收入仍不足以支付其必須投資的資本成本，以跟上其激增的交通。）和Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.（然而，在華爾街的鼓勵下，鐵路公司繼續(xù)借貸數(shù)十億美元來互相收購。）由此可知鐵路公司雖然前景很好，但還是在不夠充裕的時候，繼續(xù)借貸進行對其他鐵路公司的收購。鐵路公司需要大量的資金用來收購，因此A選項“持續(xù)的收購”符合題意，正確。B選項“激增的交通”，C選項“華爾街的鼓勵”，有一些方面的因素，但都算不上主要原因，可排除。D選項“萎縮的市場”在文中并未涉及，干擾項，可排除。故選A。

5.單選題

There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.misconceive

B.distort

C.change

D.preoccupy

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項misconceive“誤解，誤會”；B選項distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C選項change“改變”；D選項preoccupy“（使）全神貫注；提前占據(jù)”。句意：媒體總是對飛機失事進行密集報道，這真的會加劇人們的恐懼，他們對飛行安全的認(rèn)知。根據(jù)句意和常識可以推斷，當(dāng)媒體大量報道某事時，往往會誤導(dǎo)、曲解人們對該事件的客觀認(rèn)識，因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項exceeding“非常的”，C項instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個選項分別代入，只有D項符合語境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

7.單選題

Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler（

）respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

問題1選項

A.recites

B.confirms

C.quotes

D.convinces

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。recite意為“背誦，朗誦，列舉”；confirm意為“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)，證實”；quote意為“引述，引用”；convince意為“使相信，說服，使承認(rèn)”。

句意：為了加強他的論點，托夫勒引用了同意他觀點的受人尊敬的社會科學(xué)家的話。

8.單選題

In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.

Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.

BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”

AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.

InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.

TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.

Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.

Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.

Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.

1.Accordingtothearticle,（）didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas（）whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.

3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin（）weregiventhevaccine.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest（）.

問題1選項

A.GeorgeBush

B.Obama

C.theCongress

D.theSenate

問題2選項

A.theThaiGovernment

B.theFrenchGovernment

C.thescientistfromNewEngland

D.theUnitedStatesArmy

問題3選項

A.Thailand

B.theUnitedStatesofAmerica

C.France

D.Canada

問題4選項

A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.

B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.

C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.

D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.

問題5選項

A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformation

B.shouldnotbetakenseriously

C.hasproducedreliablestatistics

D.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后來試圖取消這一規(guī)定，但國會將旅行禁令作為移民法的一部分。由此可知，選項C正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美國軍方贊助了疫苗試驗。由此可知，選項D正確。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰國研究人員對1.6萬多名志愿者進行了測試。一半的志愿者接種了疫苗。另一半則使用安慰劑。由此可知選項A正確。

4.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我國（美國）也是僅有的十幾個禁止艾滋病人入境的國家之一。由此可知，選項A錯誤，選項B正確；根據(jù)第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知，在巴黎舉行的會議是公布研究結(jié)果而不是預(yù)防艾滋，所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人員證實，在泰國進行的這項研究只產(chǎn)生了“溫和”的結(jié)果，所以選項D也錯誤。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批評人士表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是偶然的。選項B符合原文。

9.單選題

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

問題1選項

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”；during“在期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達完全成熟，在20世紀(jì)50年代期間，這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運輸?？崭裉幍馁e語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項符合句意。

11.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問題1選項

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國際會議有150名與會者。選項C符合原文。

12.翻譯題

美國財政部長亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點結(jié)束了他對亞洲三國的訪問。作為美國總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟政策顧問和最主要的經(jīng)濟事務(wù)發(fā)言人，保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認(rèn)為是布什政府對華經(jīng)濟政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中，保爾森多次強調(diào)中國的經(jīng)濟增長不僅不具有威脅性，而且對全球經(jīng)濟的增長有好處。他表示，美國歡迎中國發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟中的一員。

【答案】HenryPaulson,TreasurySecretary,leftShanghaiyesterday,wherehemadeanendofthevisittothethreecountriesinAsia.AsthechiefeconomicpolicyconsultantandeconomicaffairsspokesmanoftheAmericapresident,PaulsondeliveredakeynoteaddressinShanghaiFuturesExchange.AndtheaddresswasviewedasthelatestexpositionoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheBush-administrationtowardsChina.Duringthespeech,PaulsonrepeatedlyemphasizedthatChina’seconomicgrowthhasbenefitbutnothreattotheglobaleconomicgrowth.HedeclaredthatAmericawelcomesthedevelopmentofChinatobecomeamemberoftheglobaleconomy.

【解析】

13.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞軼事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問題1選項

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問題2選項

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問題3選項

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問題4選項

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問題5選項

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個低職位員工違抗高級別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因為她是一個有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個被隔離且沉悶的動物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時間，且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項“面對與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會充分利用各類奇聞軼事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因為它們會讓聽眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運用的軼事是一個很不錯的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因為它能幫助打造個人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時事新聞，可以打造個人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個高效的講故事者，只需制作一個有用的奇聞軼事記錄冊。故D項沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會時很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項“能夠幫助與會人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項“是個高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項“是個經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

14.單選題

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

問題1選項

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.acquisitive渴求獲取財物的，貪婪的B.penurious貧窮的，窮困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰當(dāng)?shù)腄.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句意“不能擺脫自私和機會主義的指責(zé)”可知，該公司的行為并不是像其宣稱的“純粹的利他主義”。因此，該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句子意思。

【句意】雖然該公司將其在這座被摧毀的城市的行為描述為純粹的利他主義，但它無法擺脫自私和機會主義的指責(zé)。

15.單選題

Ifyouwanttokeepyourjobhere,youwillhavetobe（）oflongworkinghoursandlowsalary.

問題1選項

A.tolerant

B.tolerable

C.bearable

D.tolerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項tolerant“忍受的，有忍耐力的”；B選項tolerable“可容忍的，容許的”；C選項bearable“承受得住的”；D選項tolerate是動詞“忍受”。句意：如果你想保住你在這里的工作，你就得忍受長時間工作，拿低工資。根據(jù)空格有一個be動詞，可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，排除D，根據(jù)句意理解，本句表達的是忍受，而不是可容性或承受力，所以A選項符合句意。因此A選項正確。

16.單選題

EversincetheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtworkersfromsmallshopsintofactories,supervisionhasbeenrequired.Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.Thus,managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.

Efficiencymeansgettingresultswiththeleastpossiblewasteoftime,effort,andmoney.Therefore,efficiencyistheaimofallmanagement,bothpublicandprivate.Inprivatebusiness,efficiencycanbemeasuredbyprofit,thesurplusofincomeoverexpenditures.

Themanager’sajob,then,istogetpeopletodothingsefficiently.Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems,buttheyutilizemethodsbasedonagrowingbodyofknowledge.Shopmanagerscarryouttimeandmotionstudiestoimproveworkers’efficiency,andforemengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperlyandtoensurethesupplyofspareparts.Theflowofworkissupervisedtoavoidanyunplannedidlenessofworkersofequipment.Eachstepinmanufacturingisplannedindetail,andthecostofeachstepiscarefullycalculated.Supervisorsconsultexpertsregularlyinordertomasternewtechniques.Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetydevices,cafeterias,andrecreationfacilities—evenwhenthesehavenotbeendemandedbylaborunions.Theuseofmodernelectronicdeviceshadledtoincreasingautomation,inwhichmanyautomaticmachinesfunctionwithoutanyneedforhumanlabor.

Scientificmanagementmethodshavespreadtoallbranchesofindustry—notonlymanufacturing,butalsoaccounting,finance,marketing,andotherofficework.Thereareplanningsystems,organizationsystemsandcontrolsystems.Withinthesethereareothersystemsfordelegationofauthority,budgeting,informationfeedbackforcontrol,andsoon.Theessenceofallthefunctionsofmanagementiscoordination,theharmoniouscombinationofallindividualeffortsfortheachievementoftheobjectivesoftheenterprise.

26.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.

27.Thetopmanager________.

28.Allmanagersemploy________.

29.Personnelmanagersproviderestperiods,safetydevices,recreationfacilities,etc.________.

30.Theessenceofallmanagementfunctionsis________.

問題1選項

A.industrialmanagementdependsonthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies

B.industrialmanagementisindispensabletothesuccessesofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies

C.thesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomieshasnothingtodowithindustrialmanagement

D.industrialmanagementdidnotdevelopuntilthelastfiftyyears

問題2選項

A.isresponsibleforselectingothermanagersandhelpthemdothingsefficiently

B.getsothermanagerstochooseandtrainthemselves

C.managesothermanagers’operations

D.learnsnewtechniquesfromothermanagers

問題3選項

A.variousmethodstosolvetheirpracticalandcomplexproblems

B.specialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly

C.workerswhogiveon-the-jobtraining

D.adviserstohandlepracticalandcomplexproblems

問題4選項

A.becausethelaborunionsdemandthem

B.justtoimprovetheworkers’morale

C.toobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkers

D.toensurethegoodworkingconditions

問題5選項

A.tocombineindividualeffortstoachievetheobjectivesoftheenterprise

B.thecoordinationofthefunctionsofmanagement

C.theharmoniouscoordinationoforganizationeffortsfortheachievementofindividualobjectives

D.tocoordinatethesystemsforplanning,organizationandcontrol

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.（管理是新的人類歷史，已經(jīng)對各類企業(yè)的成功和國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展來說至關(guān)重要。），可知B選項“工業(yè)管理對于各類企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟的成功必不可少”正確，A選項“工業(yè)管理依賴于各種企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟的成功”和C選項“各類企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟的成功與工業(yè)管理無關(guān)”錯誤。D選項“工業(yè)管理直到最近五十年才發(fā)展起來”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.（然而，只是在最近的一百年里，工業(yè)管理才發(fā)展成為一套極有組織的現(xiàn)代提高效率的方法。），可知工業(yè)管理在最近百年內(nèi)而非五十年內(nèi)發(fā)展起來，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

27.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.（總經(jīng)理管理其他經(jīng)理，選拔和培訓(xùn)，制作工作計劃，并檢查結(jié)果。），可知總經(jīng)理主要做選人用人的工作，A選項“負(fù)責(zé)挑選其他經(jīng)理，并幫助他們有效率地做事”正確，B選項“讓其他經(jīng)理選擇和培訓(xùn)他們自己”，C選項“管理其他經(jīng)理的業(yè)務(wù)”和D選項“從其他經(jīng)理那里學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

28.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems（所有的管理者都有實際的復(fù)雜問題），所以A選項“解決實際和復(fù)雜的問題的各種方法”正確。B選項“保證機器正常工作的專家”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly（工業(yè)管理人員雇用專家來確保機器正常工作），可知這是工業(yè)管理人員的職責(zé)，故錯誤。C選項“提供在職培訓(xùn)的工作人員”：根據(jù)第三段第四句foremengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.（領(lǐng)班給工人進行在職培訓(xùn)），可知這是領(lǐng)班的職責(zé)，故錯誤。D選項“處理實際和復(fù)雜問題的顧問”：文章沒有提到顧問，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

29.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetyd