考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)海源學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)海源學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Broccoli(西蘭花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？文章開頭第一句話就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究表明，蔬菜中的纖維可以增強(qiáng)人體對胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A選項(xiàng)“西蘭花和大蕉中的纖維有助于減少胃部感染”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“西蘭花提取物會降低自然防御能力”，和文章表達(dá)的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到發(fā)達(dá)國家的人患克羅恩氏病的概率高是因?yàn)槿粘ｏ嬍澈w維少，而加工食品含量高，但也沒有詳細(xì)說明加工食品如何損害身體健康，故C選項(xiàng)“加工食品如何損害身體健康”，屬于無中生有選項(xiàng)，排除；D選項(xiàng)“專家如何評價西蘭花的營養(yǎng)”，全文是在講蔬菜中的纖維，以及專家對其研究，D選項(xiàng)不夠全面，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么發(fā)達(dá)國家的人最容易患克羅恩?。坑深}干定位到文章第三段第一句話Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（這種情況在發(fā)達(dá)國家很常見，那里的飲食通常纖維含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榧庸な称窚p少了消化所需的纖維”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槭卟说臄z入量低于每日推薦量”，文章并沒有提及每日推薦的蔬菜攝入量是多少，屬于無中生有選項(xiàng)，故排除；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g低纖維的食物”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g吃高熱量的食物”，在文中均未提及，屬于無中生有選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：據(jù)巴里?坎貝爾博士所說，關(guān)于吃大蕉我們還有什么不理解的呢？由題干定位到文章第四段第二句話Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我們早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜對健康有好處，這兩種食物都富含維生素和礦物質(zhì)，但直到現(xiàn)在我們還不知道它們是如何增強(qiáng)人體對克羅恩病患者常見感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A選項(xiàng)“如何提高身體對胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“如何限制人們對加工食品的攝入量”，C選項(xiàng)“如何獲得對健康有益的維生素，礦物質(zhì)和纖維”和D選項(xiàng)“如何再次確認(rèn)一般健康福利的益處”，和吃大蕉并沒有直接聯(lián)系，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：對克羅恩病患者進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)的目的是什么？由題干定位到文章第五段第三句話Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克羅恩病患者身上進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)，以確定含有大蕉纖維的醫(yī)療食品是否有助于預(yù)防克羅恩病。），因此C選項(xiàng)“目的是為了證明大蕉纖維食品的功效”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“目的是鼓勵人們吃高纖維食物”，B選項(xiàng)“目的是生產(chǎn)高纖維補(bǔ)品”和D選項(xiàng)“目的是改進(jìn)高纖維藥物的配方”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：專家們對M細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么看法?由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句話KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（對M細(xì)胞角色的知識提供了更詳細(xì)的解釋，為什么健康飲食可以改善克羅恩病患者和健康人類的身體狀態(tài)和幸福。），因此B選項(xiàng)“它有助于證明M細(xì)胞對健康飲食的作用”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“它對胃感染有進(jìn)一步的了解”，C選項(xiàng)“它導(dǎo)致了對克羅恩病的調(diào)查”，和D選項(xiàng)“它支持高纖維醫(yī)療食品的發(fā)明”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Thetongue,______,isanimportantaidinchewingandswallowing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthechieforganoftaste

B.tastingtheorganchiefly

C.thechieforganoftaste

D.theorganchieflytastes

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位語。同位語是指一個名詞（或其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明。同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。所以要排除有動詞的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，由題干可知，我們需要修飾的是tongue，B項(xiàng)的意思完全不符合題意，它表示“主要品嘗器官”；只有C項(xiàng)是正確的同位語。句意：舌頭是主要的味覺器官，在咀嚼和吞咽時起著重要的輔助作用。因此，該題正確答案為C。

3.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；ascend意為“上升，升高”；float意為“浮動，漂流”。此處為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。

句意：當(dāng)看到幾百個彩色氣球慢慢地升向天空時，孩子們歡呼起來。

4.單選題

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。obliterate“消滅，清除”；sequester“使隔絕”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使終止”。句意：于今年四月開始的“凈化我的新加坡”運(yùn)動還包括一系列的培訓(xùn)、發(fā)展和與之相關(guān)的新技術(shù)的開發(fā)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相對濕度是給定體積空氣中實(shí)際存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量與飽和時存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（當(dāng)相對濕度較低時，濕球溫度計(jì)的蒸發(fā)率將很高，因此在這一天，濕球溫度計(jì)的讀數(shù)將大大低于干球溫度計(jì)）可推測當(dāng)干濕球溫度中的度數(shù)相近時，則說明相對濕度高，故相對濕度越高說明空氣中實(shí)際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和，因此選B。

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度，就會達(dá)到飽和，多余的水分就會沉淀出來。露點(diǎn)是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度，以達(dá)到飽和，然后才會形成冷凝）可推測當(dāng)空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點(diǎn)溫度時，空氣中水汽將不會達(dá)到飽和，就會產(chǎn)生蒸發(fā)，因此選D。

6.單選題

Justrememberonethingthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.prompt

C.urgent

D.instant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:請只需記住一件事，即輕率的決定經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致痛苦的遺憾。

考查形容詞辨析。hasty匆忙的，倉促而就的，草率的；prompt敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent緊急的，急迫的；instant立即的，緊急的，緊迫的。因此A符合句意。

7.單選題

TheAmericanslostthenuclearweaponmonopolywhentheSovietsexplodedtheirfirstatomicbomb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.business

C.superiority

D.privilege

【答案】A

【解析】句意：蘇聯(lián)第一顆原子彈爆炸后，美國失去了核武器的壟斷地位。monopoly意為“壟斷，專賣”，也就是具有控制權(quán)。所以control與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。Denote預(yù)示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮蓋，包圍。選項(xiàng)C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

9.翻譯題

17世紀(jì)后期至18世紀(jì)末，是中國清代的鼎盛時期，史稱“康乾盛世”。那個時期，中國的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量位居世界前列。但正是在這個時候，歐洲諸國先后開始了近代資產(chǎn)階級革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，社會生產(chǎn)力迅速發(fā)展，后來居上。而中國當(dāng)時的政治者對這一歷史性大變革卻茫然無知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，視西方科學(xué)技術(shù)為“奇技淫巧”?！翱登⑹馈敝蟮?00多年，中國的發(fā)展大大落后了，國際地位急劇衰落，淪為半殖民地，備受外強(qiáng)欺辱。

中華人民共和國成立后，中國人民掌握了自己的命運(yùn)，民族的獨(dú)立和解放使中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。但在20世紀(jì)60、70年代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展和新科技革命浪潮興起的時代，中國搞了長達(dá)10年的“文化大革命”，錯失了又一次發(fā)展良機(jī)。值得欣慰的是，從70年代末開始，我們糾正了過去的錯誤，選擇了改革開放的正確道路，對內(nèi)實(shí)行改革，對外實(shí)行開放，開放也是改革。改革開放使我們抓住了新的歷史機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)了近30年的高速發(fā)展，綜合國力顯著增強(qiáng)，人民生活得到很大改善，國際地位不斷上升。

【答案】Inthelate17centurytotheendof18thCentury,ChineseQingDynastywasinitsheyday,knownastheGoldenAgeof“KangxiandQianlong”.Duringthisperiod,China’sindustrialproductionhasbeenattheforefrontontheworldstage.ButitwasatthistimethatEuropeancountriesbeganthemodernbourgeoisrevolutionandindustrialrevolution,whichrockettherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductivityinthewesternworld,leavingtherestoftheworldoutofsightbehind.However,Chinesepoliticiansatthattimewerecompletelyignorantofthishistoricchange,andstillindulgedinblindarrogance,regardingwesternscienceandtechnologyas“diabolictricksandwickedcraft”.Duringthepast100yearsfromthattimeonward,Chinafellfarbehindindevelopment,sufferedasharpdeclineinitsinternationalstatus,wasreducedtoasemi-colonyandsubjectedtobullyingandhumiliationfromforeignpowers.

SincethefundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,accompanyingwiththenationalindependenceandliberation,Chinesepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowndestiny.AllthishasbroughttremendouschangestoChina.However,inthe1960sand1970s,whentheworldeconomywasboomingandthenewwaveofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwasemerging,Chinaconductedthedecade-long“CulturalRevolution”andmissedanothergoodopportunityfordevelopment.Thegoodnewsisthatsincetheendof1970s,withtheimplementationofreformingdomesticallyandopening-uptotheworldwehavecorrectedthemistakesofthepast,directingthewholenationtotherightwayofreformandopening-up.Undertheguidanceofreformandopening-uppolicy,weseizedthenewhistoricalopportunitytopromotearapidsocialdevelopmentinthelast30years.Thispolicynotonlyheightenchina’scomprehensivepowersandpeople’slivingstandards,butalsothegrowinginternationalclout.

10.單選題

Mostpeopleinthemodemworld（

）freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illuminate

B.fascinate

C.cherish

D.embody

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。illuminate“闡明，說明”；fascinate“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；cherish“珍愛”；embody“體現(xiàn)，使具體化”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會里，大多數(shù)人最珍惜的事自由和獨(dú)立。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Takethisbitofseemingly（）advice:Inordertowritequickly,youmustfirstthinkslowly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxical

B.contradict

C.parallel

D.disordering

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的”符合句意。contradict為動詞“與……矛盾”；parallel“平行的”；disordering“無序的”。句意：采納這條有點(diǎn)矛盾的建議：為了寫作快一點(diǎn)，思考必須慢一點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsorfantasticachievements,thattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating—reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators(拖延者),somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff(游手好閑)”,Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker’stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)ady”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest-isgoodforanoverworkedstudentor,executive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho’ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

2.Thepassagestatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

4.Thefinalparagraphis______.

5.Theword“devised”inPara.2means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lazinessisamoralsin

B.thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C.lazinessindicatesdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D.lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lazinessisadisease

B.somelazypeopleareinsecure

C.lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D.agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B.Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C.Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somber

B.humorous

C.serious

D.trite(陳腐的)

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.formulate

B.understood

C.wrote

D.proved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段講了懶惰是一種罪惡，第二段又指出懶惰也會起到很大的作用，說明本文主要講的是懶惰的壞處和好處。因此B選項(xiàng)“懶惰有好處也有壞處”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“懶惰是一種道德上的罪惡”，C選項(xiàng)“懶惰表明了根深蒂固的情感問題”，D選項(xiàng)“懶惰的人做的工作更仔細(xì)”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.（他們可能非常不信任他們的同事，以至于無法參加任何小組任務(wù)，因?yàn)楹ε卤怀靶驌?dān)心他們的想法被竊取。），說明懶惰表明了一種根深蒂固的情感問題。因此D選項(xiàng)“對于懶惰的一個很好的定義是情感疾病”正確。A選項(xiàng)“懶惰是一種疾病”，B選項(xiàng)“一些懶惰的人沒有安全感”，C選項(xiàng)“懶惰的好處多于壞處”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.（所以當(dāng)你想說別人懶的時候要小心。那個人可能正在思考、休息或計(jì)劃他或她的下一本書。），說明有時形容別人懶惰并不準(zhǔn)確。因此A選項(xiàng)“懶惰這個詞有時被錯誤地應(yīng)用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)時候，懶惰是一種美德”，C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)裝配線工人都是懶惰的”，D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)沒有安全感的人都是懶惰的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段可知，作者用一種輕松詼諧的筆調(diào)把懶惰和成功聯(lián)系起來說明懶惰有哪些好處，觀點(diǎn)十分新穎。因此B選項(xiàng)“幽默的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“陰沉的”，C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)肅的”，D選項(xiàng)“陳腐的”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“devised”可以定位到文章第二段第三句Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.（當(dāng)牛頓被蘋果砸到，發(fā)明了引力理論時，他并不在果園里工作。），說明“devised”在文中是指“發(fā)明”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明”正確。B選項(xiàng)“理解”，C選項(xiàng)“寫下”，D選項(xiàng)“證明”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

13.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity.

B.Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

C.Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

D.Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B.Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

C.Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

D.Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

B.Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C.Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

D.Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

B.Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C.Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

D.Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

Settingtheofficeair-conditioningatabout22degreesCelsiushasbecomestandardpracticeacrosstheworld.[12]Numerousguidebooksacrosstheworldonheating,ventilationandair-conditioningclaimofficeperformancepeaksat22degrees.Manypeopleindeedfindrelieffromsoaringsummertemperaturesinair-conditionedoffices,butrecentstudieshavechallengedtheacceptedwisdomthatacoolofficeismoreproductive.Therealityismorecomplex.Researchersconductedareviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity.Theyfoundthat22degreeswasprobablyalittlechilly,evenattheheightofsummer.[13]Forapersondressedintypicalsummerclothing,anoptimalrangewouldbebetween23and26degrees.Andpeoplecaneventoleratetemperaturesbeyondthis“comfortzone”aslongastheycanadjusttheirclothingandexpectations.Infact,evenonveryhotdays,itmakessensetoturntheair-conditioningup.Peopleoftenchasejustone“optimum”temperature,andthisisunderstandablewhenpeoplefeelhot.[14]Butthereisarangeofatleastthreetofourdegreeswhichdoesnothaveanyadverseimpact.Anotherissuerelatedtothisisthatpeoplecanbecomepsychologicallydependentonair-conditioning.[15]Iftheyareusedtotheenvironmentwhichisair-conditioned,theytendtopreferlowertemperatures.Butthestudiesfoundthatalmostallhumansbecameaccustomedtothenewtemperature.Itwasonlyatthe“extreme”endsofthetemperaturerangewherepeople’sproductivitysuffered.Thisrangewasabove26degreesandbelow19degrees.

12.Whatistheacceptedwisdomconcerningtheofficeenvironment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于辦公室環(huán)境，人們普遍接受的觀念是什么？錄音開頭講到辦公室的空調(diào)溫度調(diào)到22度左右已成為全球性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，并且許多關(guān)于供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)的指南都聲稱辦公室溫度峰值達(dá)到22度時，人們的工作效率最高。由此可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為“涼爽的辦公環(huán)境能提高員工的工作效率”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“自然通風(fēng)的辦公室更舒適”和C選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)改善辦公室的通風(fēng)”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為辦公室的空調(diào)溫度設(shè)定應(yīng)遵循指南”，錄音只是提及很多指南聲稱溫度調(diào)至22度時，員工工作效率最高，并沒有說一定要遵循指南，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

13.Whatdidresearchersfindfromtheirreviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問研究人員在回顧了所有與空調(diào)和生產(chǎn)力有關(guān)的研究之后發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)22度的溫度即便是在盛夏也很可能讓人感覺有點(diǎn)冷，對穿著正常夏裝的人來說，最適宜的溫度范圍是23度到26度。C選項(xiàng)“人們感到舒適的溫度有一個范圍”是對這些信息的概括，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“處于溫度舒適區(qū)的人們對自己的工作效率更滿意”，錄音中并沒有提及人們對工作效率是否滿意，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“對辦公室工作人員來說，22度是最適宜的溫度”是很多關(guān)于供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)的指南的觀點(diǎn)，不是研究人員新發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“不同國家的人對不舒服的溫度的耐受力不同”在錄音中沒有信息提及。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutusingalittlelessair-conditioningduringhotweather?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于在大熱天少用點(diǎn)空調(diào)，我們了解到什么？錄音在提到夏天最適宜的室溫是23度至26度后，接著說即使超出這個溫度舒適區(qū)，人們也受得了。后面還提到，人們通常只追求一個“最適宜的”溫度，但在三到四度的溫度浮動范圍內(nèi)，不會產(chǎn)生任何負(fù)面影響。因此，C選項(xiàng)“對工作沒有負(fù)面影響”符合錄音表述。A選項(xiàng)“這會大大降低工作效率”和D選項(xiàng)“這會引起很多不適”恰好與錄音內(nèi)容相反；B選項(xiàng)“這會立即被注意到”在錄音中并沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whathappenswhenpeopleareusedtoanair-conditionedenvironment?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)人們習(xí)慣了空調(diào)環(huán)境時會發(fā)生什么？錄音結(jié)尾處提到，人們會在心理上對空調(diào)產(chǎn)生依賴，如果他們習(xí)慣了有空調(diào)的環(huán)境，他們往往會喜歡更低的溫度（theytendtopreferlowertemperatures）。D選項(xiàng)是對原文信息的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們不受極端溫度的影響”與錄音表述恰好相反；B選項(xiàng)“他們會因溫度的快速變化而受到不好的影響”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對高溫變得不那么敏感”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

14.翻譯題

中國畫是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的一個重要分支。使用長毫毛筆，墨汁及水彩在絹紙上創(chuàng)作的傳統(tǒng)中國畫可謂碩果累累，且對中國文化與藝術(shù)有著重要影響。

傳統(tǒng)中國畫可以按其主題分為人物，山水，花鳥畫等，或依據(jù)創(chuàng)作技法區(qū)分為工畫(Meticulous)和寫意畫(Thought-sketching)。

中國畫將詩、書、畫、印結(jié)合起來，構(gòu)成一種程式化形式的藝術(shù)。憑借上述元素，中國畫能夠充分展現(xiàn)B師的藝術(shù)特色，并且增添了其美學(xué)價值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

TraditionalChinesepaintingcanbedividedinto,accordingtoitsthemelandscape,figurepainting,landscapepaintingandbirdandflowerpainting,etc.,ordividedintoMeticulouspaintingandThought-sketchingpaintinginaccordancewiththecreativetechnique.

Chinesepaintingcombinespoetry,calligraphy,paintingandprintingtoformastylizedformofart.Withaboveelements,Chinesepaintingcanfullyshowtheartist'sartisticcharacteristicsandadditsaestheticvalue.

15.單選題

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（謹(jǐn)言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（語言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycall