考研考博-英語-廣東培正學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東培正學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從基督教和西方的野蠻王國中出現(xiàn)了中世紀政治的形態(tài)，而從該形態(tài)中又依次演變出了我們現(xiàn)代世界的政治形態(tài)。

語法題。考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。空格后是一個定語從句。前面的主句中，F(xiàn)romChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地點狀語，因此在定語從句中，fromwhich作狀語與前面的from形成對應(yīng)，evolved作謂語，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主語。

2.不定項選擇題

Afinalistinayouthoratoricalcontest,Cecile’sspeechfocusesonahistoryofAmericansandtheworldturningtheirbacksoninjustice,losingsightof“ourhumanitarianobligation.”Theunconscionableactsofhistoryarerepeating,buttheworldis“bickeringovertheterminologythatisusedtodescribewhatDarfurisfacing,”shesaid,withaswingofherhipandanindignantglare.

HowcouldtheUnitedStatesthatbondedafterSept.11,2001,leavepeopleonrooftopssurroundedbyfloodwatersalmostfouryearslater,shequestioned.Itallcomesdownto“peopleneglectingpeople,”shesaidmatter-of-factly.

“EverybodyispartofGod’screation.Everybodydeserveshelp.Weallaregoingtoneediteventuallyinourlifetime,andforustoneglectanyonefromanywhereisjusthorrible,”Cecilesaid,shakingherhead.

EmonidrawsparallelsbetweentheHolocaustandcurrenteventsinAfricabycitingalackofguidance,understandingandcompassion.

“Howcanwesayhopeforthoseunseenwhenwedonothelpthemhavehopeorbelievethereishopebecausewecan’tseethem?”theGodwinMiddleSchoolstudentasked,nearlymakingthewallsshakewithheremphasisontheword“we”.

Theworldhasahistoryofgreatleaderswhobroughtinternationalwrongstolight,shesaid,jabbingherindexfingerintotheairinfrontofher.ThesituationinDarfurhasprimarilybeenignoredbecausetheworldlacksapowerfulleadertogetthatmessageout,shesaid,furiouslypacingtheclassroomfloor.

“Ithinkifpeoplelearnaboutitandtheyhearaboutit…iftheyunderstoodit,thenwecanmakeadifference,”Emonisaid,gettingtotheheartofherargument.

Allthreestudentsunderstanditcouldbetheirvoicethatmotivatesthemassestomorrow.Theirspeechescouldbringtheissuesintothelightastheyfollowthetraditionofgreatoratorsbeforethemonthedayhonoringoneofthegreatest.

Aftercareful,quietconsideration,SethsaidthecontestandcelebrationwouldhavemovedKing.

“Itisthelittlepeopletryingtomakeadifference,recitingspeechesandallofthis.Hecanfeelhappythathiswork,like,whatheleftbehind,isstillgoingonasifhewasheretoday,”hesaid.

“Andhowdidhestartit?Hestarteditthroughhisvoice,youknow.Throughjustspeakingupforwhatisright.Andnotbeingafraidofwhatpeoplethinkofyou,butknowingwhatisrightandsettingasideallotherthings,”anexcitedandboisterousCecilesaid.

53.Theword“boisterous”inthelastparagraphcanbesubstitutedby（）.

54.Inherspeech,Cecile,afinalistinayouthoratoricalcontestaccusesAmericaof（）.

55.Emoni,anothercontestant,comparedtheHolocausttocurrenteventsinAfricabynotciting（）.

56.Emonisaidtheworldlacks（）.

57.Emoni’smainpointsdidnotinclude（）.

58.Seth,anothercontestant,saidifDr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.werethere,hewould（）.

問題1選項

A.loud

B.quite

C.nice

D.noisy

問題2選項

A.fulfillinghumanitarianobligations

B.promotingjusticeworldwide

C.neglectingpeople

D.usingterminologytodescribewhatDarfurisfacing

問題3選項

A.lackoffood

B.lackofguidance

C.lackofunderstanding

D.lackofcompassion

問題4選項

A.apowerfulleadertocrushwrong

B.apowerfulleadertobringinternationalwrongtolight

C.someonewhounderstandstheproblem

D.someonewhocaresaboutinjustice

問題5選項

A.onlylisteningandlearning

B.hearingandlearning

C.understanding

D.makingadifference

問題6選項

A.beafraidofwhatpeoplewouldthink

B.notknowwhatisrightintoday’sworld

C.feelhappythathisworkwasstillgoingon

D.wantthestudenttostudyharder

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句anexcitedandboisterousCecilesaid（興奮而喧鬧的塞西爾說），文章開頭就提到了文章是辯論賽的決賽，那么辯論賽的現(xiàn)場應(yīng)該是興奮而又喧鬧的，所以可推測boisterous指的應(yīng)該是“喧鬧的”。D選項“嘈雜的；喧鬧的”，符合文章詞義，D選項正確。A選項“大聲的”，跟“喧鬧”有一定的區(qū)別，可排除。B選項“相當”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“精密的，美好的”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項正確。

54.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段theworldturningtheirbacksoninjustice,losingsightofourhumanitarianobligation.Theworldis“bickeringovertheterminologythatisusedtodescribewhatDarfurisfacing,”（全世界對不公正置之不理，忽視了我們的人道主義義務(wù)。世界正在為描述達爾富爾所面臨的問題的術(shù)語而爭吵）這是Cecile對整個世界的控訴，不是對美國的控訴。第二段的內(nèi)容才是對美國的控訴，即Itallcomesdowntopeopleneglectingpeople.（這一切都歸結(jié)于人們忽視他人），C選項“忽視人民”符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項正確。A選項“履行人道主義義務(wù)”，文章提到，忽視了我們的人道主義義務(wù)，A選項可排除。B選項“促進全球正義”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“用術(shù)語來描述達爾富爾所面臨的問題”，文章提到世界正在為描述達爾富爾所面臨的問題的術(shù)語而爭吵，并沒有用術(shù)語解決問題，D選項可排除。因此C選項正確。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段EmonidrawsparallelsbetweentheHolocaustandcurrenteventsinAfricabycitingalackofguidance,understandingandcompassion.（Emoni以缺乏指導(dǎo)、理解和同情為例，將大屠殺和非洲的當前事件進行了對比），A選項“食物的缺乏”，沒有提及，可排除。B選項“缺乏指導(dǎo)”、C選項“缺乏理解”，D選項“缺乏同情心”，文章提到，Emoni以缺乏指導(dǎo)、理解和同情為例。可排除B、C、D選項。因此A選項正確。

56.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第六段第二句ThesituationinDarfurhasprimarilybeenignoredbecausetheworldlacksapowerfulleadertogetthatmessageout（達爾富爾的局勢基本上被忽視了，因為世界缺乏一個強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來傳達這一信息），這句話中“getthatmessageout”的意思是“將這個信息曝光，讓人們知道”，等同“bringsthtolight”。B選項“一個揭露國際錯誤的強大領(lǐng)袖”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項“一個強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，可以粉碎錯誤”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“一個理解問題的人”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“一個關(guān)心不公正的人”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項正確。

57.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第七段“Ithinkifpeoplelearnaboutitandtheyhearaboutit...iftheyunderstoodit,thenwecanmakeadifference,”Emonisaid,gettingtotheheartofherargument（我認為，如果人們了解它，聽到它……如果他們能理解，我們就能有所作為，埃莫尼說，直指她的核心論點），選項A“只聽和學(xué)”，文章埃莫尼的論點，沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項“聽力和學(xué)習(xí)”，文章提到，人們聽力和學(xué)習(xí)，可排除B選項。C選項“理解”，文章提到，他們能理解，可排除C選項。D選項“有所作為”，文章提到，如果他們能理解，就會有所作為，可排除D選項。因此A選項正確。

58.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Hecanfeelhappythathiswork,like,whatheleftbehind,isstillgoingonasifhewasheretoday（他會感到高興，他的工作，他留下的東西，還在繼續(xù)，就像他今天還在這里一樣）。C選項“很高興，他的工作還在繼續(xù)”，符合文章的內(nèi)容，C選項正確。A選項“害怕別人的想法”，文章沒有提到，他會害怕別人的想法，可排除。B選項“不知道在當今世界什么是對的”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“希望學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)更加努力”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Antisocialpersonalitiesusuallyfailtounderstandthattheirbehaviorisdysfunctionalbecausetheirabilitytofeelremorsefulisimpaired.

問題1選項

A.offensive

B.sensible

C.regretful

D.inquisitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。remorseful表示“懊悔的，悔恨的”；A項offensive“攻擊的，冒犯的，無禮的”，B項sensible“明智的，通情達理的，合乎情理的”，C項regretful“后悔的，遺憾的，惋惜的”，D項inquisitive“好奇的，好問的，愛打聽的”。句意：反社會人格通常無法理解他們的行為是不正常的，因為他們感到懊悔的能力受到了損害。因此，根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

4.單選題

TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,settlersandmerchantsfromEurasiaandslavesfromAfricaunwittinglyintroducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox(天花)，measles(麻疹)andinfluenzatowhichtheinhabitantsoftheAmericaspossessednoimmunity.Scholarlyestimatesofthetotalnumberofdeathsfromdiseasevarywidely,butthenumbermayhaveexceeded50millionandcertainlywipedout75%ormoreofnativeAmericans.Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands.By1610thegrowthofallthosetreeshadsuckedenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheskytocauseadropofatleastsevenpartspermillioninatmosphericconcentrationsofthemostprominentgreenhousegasandstartalittleiceage.

Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity.LewisandMaslindubthedecreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidethe’’OrbisSpike"fromtheLatinforworld,becausesince1492humancivilizationhasprogressivelyglobalized.InapaperpublishedthismonthinNature,theyarguethathumanimpactsontheplanethavebeendramaticenoughtowarrantformalrecognitionoftheAnthropoceneepochandthattheOrbisSpikeshouldserveasthemarkerofitsopening.

TheAnthropoceneisnotanewidea.Asfarbackasthe18thcenturythefirstscientificattempttolayoutachronologyofEarth’sgeologichistoryendedwithahumanepoch.Bythe19thcenturytheideawascommonplace,appearingastheAnthropozoic("humanliferocks")orthe'*EraofMan"ingeologytextbooks.Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(thetermmeans"entirelyrecent"inGreekdesignatesthemostrecentperiod,datingfrom11,700yearsago,whentheglaciers(冰河)ofthelasticeagereceded)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone.

Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge:somescientistspointtothefloodofnitrogen(N)releasedintotheworldbytheinventionoftheHaber-Boschprocess

forwrestingthevitalnutrientfromtheairtosupportagriculture,othersemphasizethefactthatmodempeoplenowmovemoreearthandstonethanalltheworld’sriversputtogether.

Researchershaveadvancedanarrayofproposalsforwhenthisputativenewepochmighthavebegun.Somelinkittothestartofthemassextinctionoflargemammals（卩甫孚L動物）suchaswoollymammothsandgiantkangaroossome50,000yearsagoortheadventofagriculturearound10,000yearsago.OtherssaytheAnthropoceneismuchmorerecentandtothebeginningoftheuptickinatmosphericCO2concentrationsaftertheinventionofaneffectivecoal-burningsteamengine.

ThemostprominentcurrentproposalconnectsthedawnoftheAnthropocenetothatofthenuclearage:long-lobedradionuclide（放射性同位素）leavealong-livedrecordintherock.Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe"GreatAcceleration",roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed”technofossils"byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologistwhoheadsthegroupthatispushingforadditionoftheAnthropocenetothestandardgeologictimescale.TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium（Ir）afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;itpinpointstheasteroidimpactthatterminatedtheageofthedinosaursandendedtheCretaceousabout65millionyearsago.

LewisandMaslinrejectthisradionuclidespikebecauseitisnottiedtoa*'world-changingevent"--atleastnotyet—althoughitisaclearsignalintherock.Ontheotherhand,theirOrbisSpikein1610reflectsboththemostrecentCO2lowpointandtheredistributionofplantsandanimalsaroundtheworldassociatedwiththeAgeofDiscoveryandtheriseofworldempires,atruechangingoftheworld.Muchlikethegoldenspikethatmarkstheendofthedinosaurs,theproposedOrbisSpikeitselfwouldbetiedtothelowpointofatmosphericCO?concentrationsaround1610,asrecordedinicecores,wheretinytrappedbubblesbetraypastatmospheres.FurthergeologicevidencewillcomefromtheappearanceofmaizepolleninsedimentcorestakeninEuropeandAsiaatthattime,amongotherindicatorsthatwillcomplementtheCO2record.Therefore,scientistslookingaticecores,mudorevenrockwillfindthisepochalshiftinthefuture.

TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge.Thatcoolingeventmayhavebeentiedtoregeneratedforestsandotherplantsgrowingonsome50millionhectaresoflandabandonedbyhumansafterthemassdeathbroughtonbydiseaseandwarfare,LewisandMaslinsuggest.Anditwasn'tjustthedeathofmillionsofaboriginalAmericans.Theenslavement（ordeath）ofmanymillionsofAfricansforlaborinthenewlandsmayalsohaveaddedtotheclimateimpact.ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO?,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute.

Howeverdelimited,thenewdesignationwouldmeanwearelivinginanew

Anthropoceneepoch,partoftheQuaternaryperiod,whichstartedmore2.5millionyearsagowiththeadventofthecyclicalgrowthandretreatofmassiveglaciers.TheQuaternaryispartoftheCenozoic("recentlife”)erathatbegan66millionyearsagoandis,inturn,partofthePhanerozoic("revealedlife")eon,whichstarted541millionyearsagoandencompassesallofcomplexlifethathaseverlivedonthisplanet.Intheend,theAnthropocenemightsupplanttheHolocene."Itisdesignatedanepoch,unlikeotherinterglacial,becausebackinthe18thcenturygeologiststhoughthumanswereaveryrecentspecies,arrivingviadivineinterventionorevolvingonEarthintheHolocene,*'Lewisargues,butscientistsnowknowHomosapiensarosemorethan200,000yearsagointhePleistoceneepoch."HumansareaPleistocenespecies,so...callingtheHoloceneanepochisarelicofthepast."MaslinsuggestsdowngradingtheHolocenetoastagwithinthePleistocene,likeotherinterglacialspansinthegeologicrecord.ButZalasiewiczdisagreeswiththisbidtogetridoftheHolocene.*'Idon’tseetheneed,"hesays,"systematictracingofaHolocene-Anthropoceneboundarygloballywouldbeilluminatinginallsortsofways."

1.ThescientistscitedinthisarticleagreethathumanshavebecomeamajorfactorinthehistoryofEarth.Asthearticlehighlights,whattheydisagreeonis（

）

2.EuropeanpenetrationoftheNewWorldinthecenturyandahalfafter1492ledto（

）

3.Thedeclineinatmosphericcarbondioxidethatreacheditslowpointinoraround1610was（

）

4.ThescientifichypothesisthathumanitycanalterthehistoryofEarthinhighlysignificantways（

）

5.TheOrbisSpikeproposedbyLewisandMaslinwouldbemostreliablylocatedin（

）

6.Radionuclidescanbelikenedtoiridium（

）

7.SomescientiststhinkthatradionuclidesarethekeytodefiningtheAnthropocenebecause（

）

8.ProfessorZalasiewiczprobablyfavorsretainingthedistinctionbetweentheHoloceneandtheAnthropocenebecausetracingitsboundary（

）

問題1選項

A.theextenttowhichhumansarealteringEarth.

B.preciselywhenhumanactivitybecameadefiningelementinEarth'shistory.

C.whattonametheperiodofmajorhumanimpact.

D.whenhumanactivitywillbecomethedominantfactorinchangesintheEarth.

問題2選項

A.massivedepopulation.

B.widespreadcontagiousdisease.

C.greatlyreduceduseoflandforagriculture.

D.alloftheabove.

問題3選項

A.asingular,isolatedeventthatleftadiscerniblemarkingeochronoloy.

B.thefirstofalongchainofeventsthatchangedthewayhumansinteractwithnature.

C.theresult(andsignal,asreflectedingeology)ofthefirstinasignificantsetofmodemchangesinhowhumansuseplanetaryresources.

D.thecauseofanewiceageonaparwiththosethatprecededtheHolocene.

問題4選項

A.hasrecentlyre-emergedandgainedsupportafterfadinginthe20thcentury.

B.isstillsupportedbyonlyasmallnumberofresearchersintheearthsciencestoday.

C.wasrejectedasabsurdbypioneeringgeologistsinthe1700s.

D.isweakenedbythecontinuinglackofevidencethatcanbeusedtosupportit,muchletconfirmit.

問題5選項

A.samplesofArcticice,butnotAntarcticice

B.samplesofArcticandAntarcticice.

C.treeringsfromtemperateforests.

D.alluvialsediments,mostobviouslyfromtheMississippiandAmazonbasins.

問題6選項

A.becauseofthesimilarityintheirbasicchemistry.

B.asphysicalindicatorsofaboundaryinEarth’schronology.

C.asthecauseofvastchangesintheearthlyenvironment.

D.askeycomponentsinthetechnofossilsnowproliferatinginthegeologicalrecord.

問題7選項

A.nuclearexplosionsdidenormousdamagetotheearthlyenvironment.

B.theyhavealonghalf-lifethatmeanstheywillcontinuetobeusefulformanycenturies.

C.theyprovideatemporalmarkerreliablycorrelatedwithamassivehistoricalincreaseinthehumanimpactonourplanet.

D.theycontributedgreatlytothevastincreaseinthehumanimpactonEarthinthemid-20thcentury.

問題8選項

A.willallowgeologiststocreateamoresubtlepictureoftheinterglacialsthatareacrucialfeatureoftheclimateonEarth,

B.willforcegeologiststothinkmoredeeplyabouttherelationbetweenclimatechangeandplanetaryhistory.

C.willreducethesupportforusinglessplausibleindicatorstodefinegeochronologicalboundaries.

D.willrevealsomeimportantthingsaboutushumansaswellasabouttheclimateandhistoryoftheplanet

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干：文章引用的科學(xué)家同意人類在地球歷史中的主要作用。正如文章強調(diào)的，他們有爭議的是……。根據(jù)文章大意可知B項“具體什么時候人類活動開始成為地球歷史上的一個決定性/確定性因素”，此表述過于絕對。故選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干：1492年后的一個半世紀中，歐洲的侵入導(dǎo)致了…。第1段指出:TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,roducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox（天花），measles（癮疹）and

influenza；Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands(1492年，隨著從西班牙來的哥倫布的到來，往后一個半世紀中，地球大氣記載了西半球人口的巨幅下降；戰(zhàn)士，官員，移民，商人等染上了疾病，比如天花，麻疹和流感；這種迅速的人口降低使得森林/叢林在之前的農(nóng)地中生長),所以歐洲侵入導(dǎo)致了人口下降,疾病傳染以及農(nóng)用地的荒廢。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞carbondioxide以及1610定位至第二段:Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity(基于此巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，英國生態(tài)學(xué)家認為1610應(yīng)該被認為是新地質(zhì)時代的一個開端期：人類世或人類新時代。因此，二氧化碳降低到約1610時，它是一個人類地質(zhì)時代的劃分)。故選A:是一個單獨的事件，這在地球年代學(xué)中留下了明顯的標志。

4.推理判斷題。第三段指出:Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(...)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone(但是，在20世紀中期，全新世的概念占到主導(dǎo)地位，即將人視為當前時代中重要的因素，但是不是決定性的因素),下一段指出:Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge...(這個觀點已不再適用，根據(jù)地質(zhì)學(xué)家和氣候?qū)W家的觀點，人類影響簡直太強大了……),故選A:20世紀，在消退后最近又重新出現(xiàn)并且獲得支持。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞OrbisSpike定位至第八段:TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge....ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO2,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute(二氧化碳的下降與氣候?qū)W家所稱的“LittleIceAge”同時發(fā)生?！钡?9世紀，受新世界奴隸貿(mào)易影響的西部非洲區(qū)域的人口才開始恢復(fù)狀態(tài)。也就是說，從1600-1900,該區(qū)域可能一直有重新生長的森林，足以減少大氣中的二氧化碳，比如亞馬遜的再生長，北美的木材，盡管這個假設(shè)存在爭議)，因此,OrbisSpike即二氧化碳的降低最可能發(fā)生在D項：沖積沉積物，最明顯來自密西西比和亞馬遜河流域。

6.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第六段:TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium(Ir)afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;(放射性核素可以作為地質(zhì)學(xué)家所謂的全球?qū)有推拭婧忘c，通常被稱為“金尖峰”。也許最著名的金尖峰是在突尼斯埃爾克夫附近的洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的薄薄的銥層（Ir）)。因此，D項“在地質(zhì)記錄中，作為技術(shù)化石的構(gòu)成或組成部分”是正確答案。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第六段:Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe“GreatAcceleration”，roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed“technofossils”byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologist...(大約1950年，被稱為“大加速”，這時人口的增長和一切消費品（從銅幣到玉米）大約都是與核標志同時發(fā)生的。工業(yè)社會中的塑料和殘余品的到來也一樣是和核標志同時發(fā)生的，這被地質(zhì)學(xué)家JanZalasiewicz稱之為‘"technofossils”。即這種核標記是與人類的發(fā)展幾乎同步的，也是人類進步的一個見證)。故選C:在人類對地球的影響方面，他們提供了與有大規(guī)模的歷史性增長相關(guān)的臨時標志。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Holocene和Anthropocene”以及“tracingitsboundary”可以定位至最后一段:ButZalasiewiczdisagreeswiththisbidtogetridoftheHolocene.“Idon'tseetheneed,”hesays,“systematictracingofaHolocene-Anthropoceneboundarygloballywouldbeilluminatinginallsortsofways(但是Zalasiewicz不同意放棄全新世。他說：“我看沒必要。從全局來看，對于全新世和人類世界限的系統(tǒng)跟蹤可能會以各種方式給人啟發(fā))。因此選D:D項：會揭露一些有關(guān)人與氣候和地球歷史之間的很多重要事情

5.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthetrainingwasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen______intothelearningprocess.

問題1選項

A.adjusted

B.alternated

C.incorporated

D.combined

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adjust“適應(yīng)，調(diào)整”；B選項alternate“交替，輪流”；C選項incorporate“將……包括在內(nèi)，包含，吸收”；D選項combine“使結(jié)合”。根據(jù)practicalwork與intothelearningprocess可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：該培訓(xùn)吸引人的一個特點是將實踐工作納入到學(xué)習(xí)過程的方式。

6.單選題

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.

問題1選項

A.assured

B.ensured

C.reassured

D.insured

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.assured（向……）保證B.ensured確保

C.reassured使……安心；打消……的疑慮D.insured投保

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他的話終于……我的決定是正確的。根據(jù)邏輯，他的話應(yīng)該是打消我的顧慮，讓我確信我的決定是正確的。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項assured“（向……）保證”，并不是他的話保證我的決定是正確的，而是他的話使我安心，從而讓我覺得我的決定是正確的，該選項不符合邏輯；

B選項ensured“確保”，并不是他的話確保我的決定是正確的，該選項不符合邏輯；

D選項insured“投?！?，該選項不符合語境。

【句意】他的話最終打消了我的疑慮，我做了正確的決定。

7.單選題

Apersonwhois______isslowtoadapttoanewwayoflife.

問題1選項

A.nonchalant

B.intractable

C.rabid

D.insolent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.nonchalant若無其事的；冷靜的B.intractable很難對付（或處理）的

C.rabid極端的；瘋狂的D.insolent粗野的；無禮的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息slowtoadapttoanewwayoflife（很難適應(yīng)新的生活方式）可知，這個人是一個比較固執(zhí)的人，只有B項詞義與之符合。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】一個頑固的人很難適應(yīng)新的生活方式。

8.單選題

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

問題1選項

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否認，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否認做某事，否認做過某事，拒絕做某事”。句意：阿萊科否認偷了瑪麗的小羊，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Relyingonhis（）,thedoctorcuredtheseeminglyincurablepatient.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.faith

C.expertise

D.confidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approach“方法，方式”；B選項faith“信仰，信念”；C選項expertise“專業(yè)知識，專門技術(shù)”；D選項confidence“自信，信任”，句意：醫(yī)生依靠他的專業(yè)知識治好了這個看似無法治愈的病人。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Togetmytravelers’checkIhadto____aspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

問題1選項

A.makefor

B.makeoff

C.makeout

D.makeover

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.makefor前往；造就B.makeoff（常指為逃離而）盡快離開

C.makeout填寫D.makeover（財產(chǎn)）轉(zhuǎn)讓

【答案】C

【考查點】動賓搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的賓語為“一張?zhí)厥獾闹薄?，C選項makeout“填寫”可以與之搭配，makeoutacheck指的是寫一張支票，即填寫支票上的必要信息。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項與“一張?zhí)厥獾闹薄贝钆洳划敗?/p>

【句意】我必須向銀行開一張?zhí)貏e支票，以取得旅行支票的全部金額。

11.填空題

I’msorry,butIdon’thave（1）tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan（2）you.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

1.access;

2.help

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定用法,haveaccessto有權(quán)查看或使用。

2.語義題。第二空應(yīng)填一個動詞原形，句意:如果你咨詢我同事,他們會幫助你。此處填入help“幫助”符合句意。

12.單選題

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

問題1選項

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句用法。根據(jù)句意，前半句與后半句均表示否定含義，因此后半句用nor引導(dǎo)。nor后應(yīng)接倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因此D選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Butforhishelp,I（）.

問題1選項

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Butfor表示“要不是”，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣。A選項didnotsucceed過去時；B選項hadnotsucceeded過去完成時；C選項shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不應(yīng)該成功的，但卻成功了”，表示虛擬語氣；D選項havenotsucceeded現(xiàn)在完成時，因此C項為正確選項。

14.單選題

Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.

MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrently

sufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.

Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.

Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.

Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.

Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromapanicattackratherthanaheartattack.Thefirstisage.Peoplebetweentheagesof20and30aremoreoftenvictimsofpanicattacks.Thesecondissex.Morewomensufferfromrecurrentpanicattacksthanmen.Thethirdisthemultiplicityofsymptoms.Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperienceson