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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
“Warishell,”saidGeneralSherman,acommanderintheAmericanCivilWar.Thisstatementaccuratelydescribesthebloodycampaignthathewaged.Yetitwasthiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare.AttheendoftheCivilWarin1865HenryWirz,aformerconfederateofficer,wastriedandconvictedforill-treatingandmurderingprisoners.
Therehadbeenrulesbefore,butthiswarsawtheintroductionofaformalandcomprehensivecodetoguidetroopsinthefield.Theseideashavebeenprogressivelyrefined,firstinTheHagueConventionsof1899and1907,andthenintheGenevaConventionsof1949and1977.
Armieshaveoftenadoptedproceduresforthepunishmentofwarcriminals.Initially,theyweredesignedtodisciplinesoldiersandweremostlyconductedbytheauthoritiesofthestatetowhichtheoffendersbelonged.However,towardstheendoftheSecondWorldWar,itbecameclearthattheoutragescommittedbytheNaziregimeinGermany—suchastheHolocaust,inwhichanestimatedsixmillionJewswerekilled—andbytheJapaneseweresogreatthatthoseresponsibleshould,inasense,betriedbyallmankind.Thus,inOctober1943,twoyearsbeforetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.
Threecategoriesofoffencewereestablished,whichloosely,cametobedefinedas“warcrimes”.Theywere:crimesagainstpeace,suchastheplottingofwaragainstnon-aggressivecountries;violationsofthecustomsandlawsofwar,suchasthemurderofprisoners,hostagesandcivilians;andcrimesagainsthumanity,whichincludeextermination,enslavementandotherinhumaneactscommittedagainstanycivilianpopulation.WiththeGermansdefeated,theAlliedleadersdecidedtotryNazileadersforaseriesofwarcrimes.ThefirstsessionofthehearingtookplaceinBerlininOctober1945.Chargeswerelodgedagainst24formerNazileaders.Theywerechargedwithcrimesagainstpeace,warcrimes,genocide,andthewantondestructionoftownsandcities.
InNovember1945thehearingsweremovedtotheGermantownofNuremberg.Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted;twelveweresentencedtodeath;threeweresentencedtolifeimprisonment;andfourweresentencedtoimprisonmentforbetweentenandtwentyyears.Thedecisionofthetribunalwasunanimous.AsimilartrialwasalsoheldofJapanesewarleadersand25ofthemwereconvictedforcrimescommittedinAsia.
1.GeneralSherman().
2.In1943,().
3.Warcrimesdoesn’tinclude().
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?
5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.establishedthemodernlawsofwarfare
B.startedtheAmericanCivilWar
C.wassentencedforill-treatingprisoners
D.becameawarcriminal
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theSecondWorldWarended
B.theNaziregimekilledsixmillionJews
C.theAlliednationsdecidedtoinvestigatetheNazicrimes
D.formallawswereintroducedtodisciplinethesoldiers
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.neglectingculturalcustomsofthepeople
B.destroyingpeaceinacountry
C.killinghostages
D.makingtheciviliansslaves
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.ModernlawsofwarfarestartedwiththeAmericanCivilWar.
B.GenevaConventionswereheldtopunishtheGermanwarcriminals.
C.AllSecondWorldWarcriminalswerepunishedbythemankind.
D.Thelawsofwarfareweretoprotectcivilians.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ThePunishmentofWarCriminals
B.WarCrimesTrials
C.WarisBloody
D.ThePowerofJustice
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。謝爾曼將軍并沒有建立起法律,而是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn),A錯誤;B項(xiàng)并未有提及;C項(xiàng)錯誤,這說的是另一個戰(zhàn)犯HenryWirz,而不是謝爾曼;而D選項(xiàng)可以通過全文推理得出,因此選D。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段,“representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.(以英國和美國為首的同盟國代表在倫敦開會,成立了一個委員會來調(diào)查這些暴行。)”可以得到答案為C,他們決定來調(diào)查納粹的暴行。
第3題:根據(jù)題干定位到第四段,第四段一共介紹了三種“戰(zhàn)爭犯”:1.危害和平罪行;2.違反戰(zhàn)爭習(xí)慣和法律;3.危害人類的罪行,其中只有A項(xiàng)沒有對應(yīng)的解釋,因此A錯誤。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)在第一段中就有提及,“thiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare”,有論據(jù)支持,A保留;B項(xiàng)錯誤,是無關(guān)項(xiàng),全文未提及;C項(xiàng)錯誤,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段“Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted”有三位是被判無罪的;D項(xiàng)文中并未給出明確的解釋。答案為A。
第5題:文章標(biāo)題題。本文的主旨是在圍繞戰(zhàn)爭的種種進(jìn)行闡述,之后講到了處理戰(zhàn)爭犯,以及戰(zhàn)爭相關(guān)的法例的制定,因此懲罰戰(zhàn)犯也是本文的主題,答案為A。
2.單選題
Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto()thembeforecomingtoadecision.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.auction
B.sample
C.enforce
D.wrap
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。auction“拍賣,競賣”;sample“品嘗,體驗(yàn)”;enforce“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行,強(qiáng)迫”;wrap“包,纏繞”。句意:在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的,在做決定之前,你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物,然后可推知在決定購買之前可以品嘗。故B項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite(
)tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.overseas
B.abroad
C.foreign
D.offshore
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)overseas“海外的,國外的”;B選項(xiàng)abroad“在國外”;C選項(xiàng)foreign“外國的,陌生的”;D選項(xiàng)offshore“近海的’;句意是‘主語theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險’這個概念在20世紀(jì)80年代之前對居民來說是…,C選項(xiàng)符合句意,正確。
4.單選題
MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.
Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.
Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.
Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.
LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.
1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?
2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?
3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans(
).
4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.
B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.
C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.
D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.
B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.
C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.
D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.takeabackplace.
B.haveadifferentrole.
C.beofgreaterpriority.
D.becomelessimportant
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.
B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.
C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.
D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘以下哪一項(xiàng)在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持?’根據(jù)第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學(xué)知識的一個關(guān)鍵成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關(guān)的無知,而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質(zhì)量的無知。”確定B選項(xiàng)“知識產(chǎn)生更好的無知”正確。
2.推理判斷題。題干:為什么科學(xué)關(guān)注的是問題而不是答案?由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”,作者認(rèn)為,人們更容易了解問題(questionsarealsomoreaccessible)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思?’根據(jù)文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近,科學(xué)的這一面在公眾心目中……,我稱之為科學(xué)的累積觀點(diǎn)對我們來說,這一堆事實(shí)太多而永遠(yuǎn)無法企盼征服?!币约案鶕?jù)文章最后一句話中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場偉大的冒險”可知此處表示公眾對科學(xué)的對比態(tài)度,D選項(xiàng)“變得不那么重要了”正確。
4.推理判斷題。題干:作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么?全文講的是科學(xué)與大眾的關(guān)系,文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”,作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學(xué)中來。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
第2題:
第3題:
第4題:
5.單選題
Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto()povertyandbackwardness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.figureout
B.wipeout
C.carryout
D.takeout
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)figureout“理解,算出”;B選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅,消除”;C選項(xiàng)carryout“實(shí)行”;D選項(xiàng)takeout“拿走,去掉”。句意:在我們偉大的社會主義國家里,千百萬普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無私地工作著。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
6.單選題
Suchanapproachforcesthemanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps(
)rigiddepartmentalboundaries.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.passover
B.standfor
C.breakdown
D.setoff
【答案】C
【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。passover“越過,忽略”;standfor“代表,支持”;breakdown“分解;消除;失??;發(fā)生故障”;setoff“出發(fā),引起”。句意:這種方法迫使經(jīng)理們相互交流,幫助他們消除嚴(yán)格的部門界限。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
7.單選題
IwilltellTomheisanadoptedchild,butIwilldoitinduecourse.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.atpropertime
B.ofcourse
C.inmyownway
D.soonerorlater
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞義辨析。induecourse表示“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候,及時”;A項(xiàng)atpropertime“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”,B項(xiàng)ofcourse“當(dāng)然”,C項(xiàng)inmyownway“以我自己的方式”,D項(xiàng)soonerorlater“遲早,早晚”。句意:我會告訴湯姆他是收養(yǎng)的孩子,但我會在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候告訴他。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.
Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.
Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.
Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.
Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.
Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.
First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.
Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.
Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.
Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.
1.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis().
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause().
4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause().
5.Wemayconcludedfromthepassagethat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.todefine(下定義)whatthepovertylineis
B.toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertyline
C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty
D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.
B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.
C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.
D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation
B.theyaresoyoungthattheydon’thavetherighttowork
C.theyfailtogetenougheducation
D.theyareverypoorinhealth
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork
B.theyarenotveryself-confident
C.theyaretooyoungortoooldtowork
D.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfound
B.welfarewillenablethemtoberich
C.poorpeoplearesuretogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusiness
D.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.作者意圖題。原文首段最后一句和尾段的首句均有提及“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們正在尋找更好的解決貧困問題的辦法”,由此可知,作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是為了尋找解決貧困問題的方法。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的一、二句“Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.隨著這個國家的總體生活水平提高,貧困線也在提高。因此,即使在今天生活水平相對較高的情況下,仍有大約10%的美國人生活在貧困線以下?!笨芍x項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C符合原文;再根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.收入低于貧困線的人被認(rèn)為是窮人?!笨芍x項(xiàng)B符合原文;只有選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有信息提及。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第三段的前半部分提及“一方面,美國一半以上的窮人沒有資格工作。40%以上的窮人是兒童。根據(jù)法律規(guī)定,不滿16歲的兒童在許多行業(yè)都不能工作?!庇纱丝芍?,最主要的原因是這些兒童太小,沒有工作的權(quán)利,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,美國大部分的窮人都沒有工作,是因?yàn)檫@些人不是老人就是小孩,沒有工作的能力,所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家正在尋找更好的解決貧困問題的辦法。然而,目前許多人依靠福利來維持最低限度的可接受的生活水平?!庇纱丝芍?,貧困問題并沒有找到更好的解決辦法,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
9.單選題
Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.
Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.
Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.
Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.
1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun(
).
3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.
B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.
C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.
D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf
B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears
C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness
D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.
B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.
C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.
D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.
B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.
C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.
D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Alarmed
B.Pessimistic
C.Comic
D.Objective
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句,提到“通過研究其他恒星,天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”(Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike),由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(一個黃色的矮星球)存在了46億年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通過研究其他恒星,天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱,太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球(aredgiantstar),當(dāng)能量用盡時,太陽會繼續(xù)縮小,變成一個白色的矮星球,接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知,現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時間差不多是太陽生命的一半,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“當(dāng)太陽變成紅色星球,地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱,生命無法生存”(Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist),選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個階段,下列哪個是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(一個黃色的矮星球)存在了46億年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通過研究其他恒星,天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱,太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球(aredgiantstar),當(dāng)能量用盡時,太陽會繼續(xù)縮小,變成一個白色的矮星球,接著變成黑色的矮星球,由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非常客觀的態(tài)度來描述天文學(xué)家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂的”;pessimistic“悲觀的”;comic“滑稽的”;objective“客觀的”。
10.單選題
Themostfamiliarheadachecomesfrom(
)tightnessintheback,headandneck,whichmightbecausedinturnbyexertion,orworryorstress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.monopoly
B.muscle
C.murmur
D.monster
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:最常見的頭痛來自于后背、頭部和脖子處的肌肉緊張,這些可能是由過度工作、擔(dān)憂和壓力造成的。Monopoly“壟斷”;muscle“肌肉”;murmur“低語”;monster“怪物”。根據(jù)句意,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.單選題
Wehopethestudentswould(
)theinformationcontainedinthelecture.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.associate
B.understand
C.assimilate
D.assess
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。associate意為“聯(lián)系”;understand意為“理解”;assimilate意為“吸收,消化”;assess意為“評定”。
句意:我們希望學(xué)生們能掌握講座中保護(hù)的信息。
12.單選題
Idon’tknowwhatallthe(
)wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.controversy
B.conversation
C.discussion
D.illumination
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。controversy“爭論,論戰(zhàn),辯論”;conversation“交談,會話,社交”;discussion“討論,議論”;illumination“闡明”。根據(jù)空格后面的dull,nosex可以推斷空格處是“沒什么好爭論的”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
13.單選題
Canyoufind()atthehotelforthenight?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lodgings
B.accommodations
C.places
D.houses
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodging“寄宿”;accommodation“住處,膳宿”;place“地方”;house“住宅,家庭”。句意:你今晚能在酒店找到地方住嗎?B項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
It(
)howunleashingdomesticdemandinsurpluscountriescansupportstrongglobalgrowthasdeficitcountriesincreasesavingsandrepairbalancesheetsdamagedbythecrisis.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.setson
B.setsin
C.setsover
D.setsout
【答案】D
【解析】詞組辨析。set...on“使……襲擊”;setin“到來;開始”;setover“置于…上,指派…管理,移交”;setout“出發(fā),開始,陳述”。句意:它闡述了在赤字國家增加儲蓄、修復(fù)因危機(jī)而受損的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表之際,盈余國家釋放內(nèi)需如何支撐強(qiáng)勁的全球增長。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
15.翻譯題
WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.
Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutiveandglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.
【答案】我希望所有的學(xué)生稍微擺脫未來的無情控制。我希望他們有機(jī)會把自己每一階段的教育純粹當(dāng)成一種經(jīng)歷來享受,而不是作為一種為下一步做準(zhǔn)備的令人厭倦的需要。我希望他們有權(quán)利去嘗試、跌倒、懂得失敗如同勝利一樣具有教育意義和失敗并不是世界的末日。
當(dāng)然,我的希望是天真的。失敗的權(quán)利是美國人不贊揚(yáng)的幾個權(quán)利之一。成就是民族之神,在我們的媒體中受到崇拜——如身價百萬的運(yùn)動員,富有的主管人員一樣——在我們對財(cái)富的贊美中得到榮耀。年輕人就是在這樣一種強(qiáng)有力的民族信仰熏陶下長大的。
16.單選題
Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.
Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.
Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.
Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?
4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere(
).
5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.
B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.
C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.
D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.
B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.
C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.
D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Professionalarchitects
B.Customers
C.Interiordecorators
D.Carpenters
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.generallyignored
B.legallybinding
C.notstrictlyadheredto
D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.
B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.
C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.
D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語,提出了本文主要討論的問題是“18世紀(jì)殖民地房屋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)”。故正確答案選A。
2.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀(jì)發(fā)生變化,根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財(cái)富的增加,越來越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”,由此可知,因?yàn)橹趁裾叩呢?cái)富增加,他們可以花更多的錢在建筑房屋上面,所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。
3.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項(xiàng)專門的職業(yè),房屋設(shè)計(jì)或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計(jì)師來做,或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國進(jìn)口的建筑手冊的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來做?!庇纱丝芍?,18世紀(jì)的房屋設(shè)計(jì)主要由木匠來負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀(jì)的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同,以及
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