考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問題1選項

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利潤和金錢是你首先考慮的事情，對人的義務(wù)是你最不關(guān)心的，那你的教育就失敗了。

考查名詞辨析。potentiality潛能;可能性;priority優(yōu)先考慮的事;優(yōu)先權(quán);superiority優(yōu)越;優(yōu)勢;responsibility責(zé)任;職責(zé);義務(wù)。根據(jù)句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不關(guān)心的事情)可知B項正確。

2.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildrencollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問題1選項

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“令人恐懼的”；B選項“有希望的，有前途的”；C選項“冰點以下的，結(jié)冰的”；D選項“揭露真情的，有啟迪作用的”；題干中chilling“令人恐懼的”，句意：分析表明，在孩子上大學(xué)和我們自己的退休保障之間的權(quán)衡令人不寒而栗。因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Wedon’tbelieveher______aboutthewonderfulthingsthathappenedtoher.

問題1選項

A.miniatures

B.romances

C.consensus

D.chaos

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項miniature“縮圖，微型畫”，B項romance“傳奇，浪漫史，風(fēng)流韻事，虛構(gòu)”，C項consensus“一致，輿論，合意”，D項chaos“混沌，混亂”。根據(jù)句子意思“關(guān)于發(fā)生在她身上的奇妙的事情，我們不相信她的……”可知，空格處表示“夸張，虛構(gòu)”符合語境。句意：我們不相信她對發(fā)生在她身上的美妙事情的虛構(gòu)。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.單選題

Becareful;thispatient’sdiseaseis（）.

問題1選項

A.congenial

B.accessible

C.compulsory

D.contagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項為“意氣相投的；一致的”；B選項為“易相處的；可理解的”；C選項為“義務(wù)的；必須的；強制性的”；D選項為“傳染性的；會蔓延的”。根據(jù)所修飾名詞disease疾病可知，D項為正確答案。

5.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate______.

問題1選項

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項pension“退休金，撫恤金”，B項earning“收入，所賺的錢”，C項salary“工資”，D項donation“捐款，捐贈物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞elderly“老年人”和liveon“靠……生活”可知，空格處填入pension“養(yǎng)老金”符合語境。句意：俄羅斯的老年人發(fā)現(xiàn)靠國家養(yǎng)老金生活很困難。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesinasoundmannerre-quiresaheavydoseof（）fromourownmentalpatterns,whichweaccessintrospectively.

問題1選項

A.estimation

B.calculation

C.skepticism

D.inference

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)承認，用聲音的方式來翻譯一個動物的思維進程，需要從我們使用內(nèi)在的思維模式進行大量的（）。estimation評價，估計；calculation計算；skepticism懷疑論；inference推理。故選B。

7.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問題1選項

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問題2選項

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問題3選項

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問題4選項

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問題5選項

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟博弈會獎勵贏家金錢，而進化博弈卻獎勵勝者生存和繁殖的機會。因此答案為C選項：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟和進化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進退兩難，尤其在這兩門學(xué)科上被證明能增長見聞的。知B項“被用來去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個更簡單的方式來解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過公開錦標(biāo)賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒有打敗針鋒相對的策略。故D選項“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說，即使另外一個人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會進行合作?？梢缘弥狣項“當(dāng)?shù)谝淮魏献魇『螅€有另外一次機會”最為符合。

8.翻譯題

1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.

2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.

ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.

WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.

OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.

Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.

TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用中發(fā)展最快的一個領(lǐng)域采用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開發(fā)企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。全世界許多政府部門和商業(yè)機構(gòu)正加快步伐，創(chuàng)建基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，允許它們推銷秘密的“內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)”。

（2）“內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)”是一個時髦術(shù)語，指用發(fā)展迅速、相對廉價的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開發(fā)企業(yè)信息和通訊系統(tǒng)。內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)一般包含兩種重要的軟件：瀏覽器和服務(wù)器。前者允許用戶瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)以獲取有用信息，后者儲存并整理信息。

（3）例如，摩根斯坦利金融公司和特納廣播公司成功地完成了各自的內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)使兩家公司的雇員共享信息，共同承擔(dān)項目并創(chuàng)建遍及各大洲的、效果明顯的工作組。

（4）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必然會改變我們的社區(qū)意識并消除以往跟地理疆界聯(lián)系在一起的種種限制。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)給個人和企業(yè)帶來機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)獎賞有能力和遠見的人利用自己的權(quán)力，在種種局限發(fā)生時，能找到克服局限性的方案。

9.單選題

Theoutlineofthefigurewasbarely（

）inthedarkness.

問題1選項

A.susceptible

B.perceptive

C.invisible

D.perceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。susceptible意為“易受影響的”；perceptive意為“有知覺力的”；invisible意為“看不見的”；perceptible意為“可理解的，可認識的”。

句意：沒有一絲光，這個圖形的輪廓很難在黑暗中辨認。

10.單選題

Shehesitatedfora（）ofasecondbeforeacceptinghischallengetoagameoftennis.

問題1選項

A.fiction

B.function

C.friction

D.fraction

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。fiction小說;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。afractionof意為"一小部分,零點幾",為固定搭配。句意：在接受他的網(wǎng)球挑戰(zhàn)之前,她猶豫了片刻。所以選項D正確。

11.翻譯題

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthemhearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretellingofthatmuseumtrip，sayisjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根據(jù)這種理論，當(dāng)他們（即成年人）飛快地“翻閱大腦文件柜”希望通過尋找童年記憶的片斷來支撐這一敘事框架吋，他們找不到任何合適的記憶片斷。

2.她認為，只有通過學(xué)習(xí)他人對那些經(jīng)歷的描述，從而將自己稍縱即逝的短期記憶變成永久性記憶，兒童才能形成持久的長期記憶。

3.例如，那些母親在臨睡前談?wù)撘惶斓幕顒拥暮⒆?，比那些母親不提供這種小說框架的孩子對于一天的特殊事件記住得更多。

4.納爾遜提出，學(xué)會將記憶構(gòu)成一種長期存在的敘述，是形成永久性“自傳式記憶”(即構(gòu)成一個人生平故事的特定記憶)的關(guān)鍵。

5.尤其是兒童必須認識到諸如博物館之旅的復(fù)述恰恰也是一次出行，只不過換了一種形式，用言語替代了經(jīng)歷。

12.填空題

YesterdayIgavemymother（1）orangesweaterfor（2）birthday.

句意:昨天，我送了一件橘色的羊毛衫給我媽媽做生日禮物。

【答案】1.an

2.her

【解析】1.語法題?？疾椴欢ü谠~。這里表示“送了一件橘色的羊毛衫”,此處應(yīng)填一個不定冠詞。orange的發(fā)音為元音開始，故應(yīng)該選不定冠詞an。

2.語法題。考查人稱代詞所有格。這里填her表示“她的”。

13.單選題

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.

Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.

Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.

Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.

Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.

I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?

1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct

（

）.

4.Theword“l(fā)eniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.

B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.

C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

問題2選項

A.inherentlygood

B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence

C.geneticallydetermined

D.originallyevil

問題3選項

A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications

B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin

C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty

D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness

問題4選項

A.honestly

B.falsely

C.tolerantly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（幾乎人人都會欺騙他人，雖然通常只是一點點。這也是DnanelAriely的新書《不誠實的事實》中的主題之一）可知B選項“我們不太可能真正誠實”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在過去的幾個世紀(jì)里，大多數(shù)西方人都會認定自己從根本上是墮落的罪人）可知選D，西方傳統(tǒng)文化認為人性本惡。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成為一個欠佳的人，但總體上是一個好人就足夠了）可推測在goodpersonconstruct結(jié)構(gòu)下人們對自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要講的是關(guān)于誠實的話題，那么人們也就不那么誠實了，因此選C。

4.詞義題。honestly意為“誠實地”；falsely意為“虛偽地，不實地”；tolerantly意為“寬容地，包容地”；subjectively意為“主觀地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鑒于我們在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我們大多數(shù)人都會……衡量自己）可知我們會用欺騙的手段合理化自己行為，因此排除A、D選項；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我們給自己的定位是好人，可排除B選項，因此選C。

14.單選題

Someparentsdidnotappear（）theirchildrentosummerschools.

問題1選項

A.tofavortosend

B.tofavorsending

C.favoringtosend

D.thattheyfavortosend

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞搭配辨析。appear后面接不定式，appeartodo，好像做了某事，排除C；favor后面接動名詞，favordoingsth.，喜歡、贊成做某事，排除A，D。句意：一些家長似乎不贊成把孩子送到暑期學(xué)校。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

WhenthenovelistJodiPicoultwasapproachedtowriteafewinstallmentsofthe"WonderWoman"comicsseries,herfirst_______wastotakethecharacteroutofhertrademark.

問題1選項

A.conspiracy

B.subversion

C.impulse

D.dissipation

【答案】C

【解析】conspiracy共謀,陰謀;subversion顛覆,破壞;impulse推動,剌激;dissipation消散,分散。句意：當(dāng)小說家JodiPicoult被邀請為《神奇女俠》系列漫畫寫一些情節(jié)時,她的第一個想法就是把這個角色從自己的性格特征中脫離出來。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；B選項disperse“分散；消散”；C選項dissipate“驅(qū)散；放蕩”；D選項drain“逐漸消失；流干”。句意：在做同樣的工作四年后，他的激情逐漸消失了。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

17.不定項選擇題

MylastflighttoRomelandedatstupido’clockinthemorningsoIwasalmostlookingforwardtogettingacupofhotcoffeefromtheflightcrew.Instead,IoptedforholdingmyeyelidsupwithtwofingerssoIcouldfindthefirstcoffeeshopintheairport.Coffeealwaystastesterribleonplanesandtherecouldbeasimple—anddisgusting—reasonwhy.

Acoupleofweeksago,anassortmentofairlineemployeesspilledsomeoftheirindustry’ssecretsinanAskRedditthread,andtwoofthemhadsomeunpleasantthingstosayaboutthecoffee-makers.AusernamedMuddbutt7wrote:

“Sometimes,thevehiclethatfillsthepotablewaterforwashinghandsandmakingcoffeeisparkednexttothevehiclethatinusedtodumpthe[toilets]andfillthebluejuiceforthelavatories.They’renotsupposedto.Sometimes,theyparkedatadistancefromeachother,whichispolicy,yettheguywhoisfillingthewaterisusingglovesthathehasn’tinover2years.”

WhileasecondusernamedWorsetoadded:

“Thecoffeeisabsolutelydisgustingbecausenoonewashesthecontainerthatgoesouteverymorning.Thestationagentswhogetpaidwaytoolittledon’tgivea[expletive]aboutcleaningit.Icertainlydidn’twhenIworkedforAA.Also,becauseweweren’tgiventhepropersuppliestocleanit.Weprettymuchjustrinseditoutanddumpedcoffeeintoit.‘‘

Afterreadingthosesortofstomach-churningconfessions,HuffingtonPostattemptedtodeterminehowtruethosestatementsare.AbbieUnger,aformerflightattendant,toldthesite:

“Itistruethattheportablewatertanksarenotcleaned.Buttheyareonlyfilledwithpotable(drinkable)water,soit’snotlikethereisoldcoffeeinabigcontainersomewhere.Thewaterdoesn’tmakeforanexcellentcupofcoffee,butit’snotunsafe.”

Sobasically,thereasonthatcupofStarbucksduringyourDeltaflighttastesworsethanthecupyouhadattheairportisbecauseofthewater,whichisapointthathasbeenraisedpreviously.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencybeganinvestigatingthesafetyofthewateronairplanesin2004,afterdiscoveringthat15%—or1.5outofevery10planes—testedpositiveforcoliformbacteriainthedrinkingwater.

In2013,NBC5lookedintowhetherthosenumbershadimprovedanddiscoveredthat12%ofplaneshadatleastonepositivetestforcoliforminwhatwasthentheEPA’smostrecentsurvey.AlthoughtheEPAsaidthattherehadnotbeenanycasesofanyonegettingsickfromthewateronboardaplane,insidersstillsaythatthetanks—andthehosesthatareusedtofillthem—canbeprettygross(“prettygross”isahighlyscientificterm).

InaForbespiececalled“WhyAirlineCrewsSkiptheCoffeeandTeaOnBoard”,formerUSAiremployeeJohnGogliawrote:

“ThirtyyearsagowhenIwasworkingforUSAir,webeganaprocesstobleachthewatertanksthatholdthewaterandflushoutthesystem.Thiswasdoneonaregularbasis.Yet,itwascleartoanyoneworkingonthesetanksandtheirhosesthatalotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthesystem,sedimentthatwasakintopondscum.Evenafterthetankswerebleachedandflushed,somesedimentalwaysremained.”

Ofcourse,therecouldbeotherreasonswhythecoffeetastessounpleasant.CornellUniversityscientistsbelievethattheloud,inescapablesoundofcabinnoisecanaffectthewaywebothperceiveandtastefoodsduringflight.Eitherway,wemightjuststickwithcoffeeservedatgroundlevelfromnowon.

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?

2.（）isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?

問題1選項

A.longing

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.melancholy

問題2選項

A.Theunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorning

B.Theunchangedglovesofthecrewmember

C.Thewaterusedformakingcoffee

D.Theimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainer

問題3選項

A.大腸菌

B.幽門螺桿菌

C.沙門氏菌

D.曲狀桿菌

問題4選項

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.

B.Alotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthetanksandtheirhoses.

C.Noneofthesedimentremainedaftercleaning.

D.Sedimentwassimilartopondscum

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章，作者對飛機上的咖啡有什么態(tài)度？

A.longingA.渴望的

B.negativeB.消極的，負面的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.melancholyD.憂郁的

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后一句“在飛機上喝咖啡總是很難喝（Coffeealwaystastesterrible），原因可能很簡單，也很惡心”，可知，作者對飛機上的咖啡的態(tài)度是負面的。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“渴望的”、C選項“冷漠的”和D選項“憂郁的”不符合原文，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.______isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.2.______基本上是飛機上咖啡味道糟糕的原因。

A.TheunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorningA.每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器

B.TheunchangedglovesofthecrewmemberB.機組人員不變的手套

C.ThewaterusedformakingcoffeeC.用來煮咖啡的水

D.TheimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainerD.用于清潔容器的不當(dāng)用品

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第八段第一句“所以基本上（Sobasically），你在達美航班上喝一杯星巴克比在機場喝一杯味道更差的原因是水（becauseofthewater），這一點之前已經(jīng)提過了”，理解可知，飛機上的咖啡味道很糟糕的原因在水。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器”、B選項“機組人員不變的手套”和D選項“用于清潔容器的不當(dāng)用品”只是制作咖啡的衛(wèi)生令人惡心的原因，文中并沒有提到這是咖啡味道糟糕的原因，張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?3.根據(jù)文章，第9段中“coliform”一詞的中文含義可能是什么？

A.大腸桿菌A.大腸桿菌

B.幽門螺桿菌B.幽門螺桿菌

C.沙門氏菌C.沙門氏菌

D.曲狀桿菌D.曲狀桿菌

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞coliform定位至第九段第一句“環(huán)境保護局在2004年調(diào)查飛機上水的安全時發(fā)現(xiàn)15%的飛機飲用水里含有coliformbacteria”，根據(jù)常識，在水中存活引起人腸道疾病的細菌為大腸菌。所以選項A正確。

【干擾項排除】B選項“幽門螺桿菌”、C選項“沙門氏菌”和D選項“曲狀桿菌”都不符合這一分析，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?4.根據(jù)美國航空公司員工約翰?哥利亞的說法，以下哪項是不正確的？

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.A