考研考博-英語(yǔ)-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；而divine與noble同義,所以選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選B。

2.語(yǔ)義題。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的損傷；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,濕度。根據(jù)原文可知,這里指可以幫助我們減少器官的磨損。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的傷痛,只會(huì)給予傷害你的人力量。所以選項(xiàng)B并不是治療的好方法。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”寬恕并不一定意味著與讓你心煩的人和解,也不意味著寬恕他或她的行為。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。forgiveness為本文的關(guān)鍵詞,再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講如何寬恕以及寬恕的益處。選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。其他選項(xiàng)都太片面。

2.單選題

Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofwork

B.outofstock

C.outofreach

D.outofpractice

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。outofwork“失業(yè)的”；outofstock“無(wú)現(xiàn)貨的，無(wú)庫(kù)存的”；outofreach“夠不著”；outofpractice“久不練習(xí)，荒廢”。句意：很遺憾的告訴你，你預(yù)定的材料沒(méi)有現(xiàn)貨了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.

IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.

Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.

Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby（

）.

2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?

3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawingananalogy

B.makingacomparison

C.listingspecificexamples

D.explainingaphenomenon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.

B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.

C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.

D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.determiningone’ssocialstatus

B.showingone’sattitude

C.exchangingpersonalfeelings

D.signalingtheendofafight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hidingtheirfaces.

B.Puffingouttheirchests.

C.Raisingtheirarms.

D.Removingtheirclothing.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。類比（drawingananalogy）指將兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較，由文章第一段可知作者是將動(dòng)物與人兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象，其對(duì)勝利的表現(xiàn)都是相同的進(jìn)行比較，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些在勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)中，來(lái)自不同文化的人們展示出一成不變的勝利姿態(tài)和由若干固定成分組成的羞愧表情。這其中包括盲人運(yùn)動(dòng)員，甚至還是先天失明的）可知C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)證明其驕傲和羞恥的本能反應(yīng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.（人們要夸耀他們的成就，確保他們的地位和社會(huì)群體的認(rèn)同。同樣地，羞愧表現(xiàn)出對(duì)失利的接受和對(duì)繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗的不情愿，也很可能是一種順從的表現(xiàn)）可知這些都是對(duì)態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.（研究表明來(lái)自于這些地方的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員抑制了反應(yīng)，而這種反應(yīng)與控制恥辱表現(xiàn)的社會(huì)行為規(guī)范相一致）可知A“把他們的臉藏起來(lái)”屬于抑制自己反應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)，因此選A。

4.翻譯題

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.

Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.

【答案】對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，獨(dú)自生活最有趣的事情是生活變得越來(lái)越有價(jià)值，我已經(jīng)這樣獨(dú)自生活了二十年。正如我大多數(shù)日子做的那樣，當(dāng)我醒來(lái)，看著太陽(yáng)從海平面升起，我已經(jīng)提前知道了這一整天（的計(jì)劃），不會(huì)被打攪，寫幾頁(yè)文字，和我的狗散步，讀讀書，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，我充滿了幸福。

當(dāng)我過(guò)度勞累、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不間斷地工作或者一時(shí)感到空虛需要充實(shí)時(shí)，我就會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。有時(shí)，當(dāng)我結(jié)束了演講之旅回到家中，我會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，因?yàn)槲乙?jiàn)了很多人，說(shuō)了很多話，心里充滿了需要整理的經(jīng)歷。

之后有那么一段時(shí)間，我覺(jué)得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得給植物澆澆水，或許再像看人一樣，看看它們的千姿百態(tài)，慢慢地找回自我。

有那么一小會(huì)兒，我看著那噴泉里飛濺的浪花，但當(dāng)世界逐漸消失時(shí)，那一刻就來(lái)臨了，自我又從潛意識(shí)的深處再次浮現(xiàn)，帶著這幾天的經(jīng)歷去探究，然后慢慢領(lǐng)悟。

5.單選題

Partiestoajointventureshallapplyforarbitration______therelevantwrittenagreement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incaseof

B.inharmonywith

C.inaccordancewith

D.initself

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)incaseof“萬(wàn)一；如果發(fā)生；假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)inharmonywith“和諧；協(xié)調(diào)一致；協(xié)調(diào)；與……相配”；C選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù)；按照；依照”；D選項(xiàng)initself“以其本身而言，本質(zhì)上”。句意：合營(yíng)各方應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)書面協(xié)議申請(qǐng)仲裁。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（）whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格進(jìn)入另一國(guó)家的貿(mào)易時(shí)，被認(rèn)為是。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)填入與進(jìn)出口貨物相關(guān)的詞匯。dump指傾銷，符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to13spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents,"saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif（）.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.ratherconfusing

D.totallygroundless

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:SandraHofferth所說(shuō)的“thesametimecrunch”是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句:Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch（危機(jī)）thataffectstheirparents(時(shí)間危機(jī)影響孩子，同樣也影響父母)。該句上段主題是：孩子們的休閑時(shí)間從40%降到了25%。該句的后文主題是：更多母親在外工作，即與孩子相處的休閑時(shí)間也減少了。因此，兩者都面臨的時(shí)間危機(jī)就是C項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都缺乏休閑時(shí)間”。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來(lái)，關(guān)于時(shí)間危機(jī)，SandraHofferth所給的原因…。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞SandraHofferth定位至第二段:moremothersareworkingoutsidethehome(更多的母親在外工作)。后面括號(hào)內(nèi)應(yīng)該是作者的看法:Nevertheless，childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers(然而，孩子與父母相處的時(shí)間分別是：雙親同時(shí)工作的為19小時(shí)，父親一人工作的為22小時(shí)，而單身母親家庭只有9小時(shí))。因此可知，作者不完全支持SandraHofferth的說(shuō)法。一方面，單身母親和雙親工作的家庭，與孩子相處的時(shí)間少于父親一人工作的家庭，即，作者大體同意SandraHofferth的說(shuō)法。另一方面，作者認(rèn)為需要根據(jù)不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)分析此問(wèn)題。因此，作者認(rèn)為SandraHofferth所給的原因是“部分正確”

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來(lái)，一個(gè)孩子在什么情況下會(huì)更好地成長(zhǎng)？第三段指出了作者認(rèn)為的玩耍對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)的好處:Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers...(自由玩耍能鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，讓孩子們與他們的同伴協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系……)。因此B項(xiàng)“如果讓他和同伴們自由玩?！闭_。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者所關(guān)心的事實(shí)是美國(guó)孩子…。A:參加有組織的活動(dòng)越來(lái)越多。第三段最后一句指出:butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit(但是，3—12歲的孩子一周只花了12小時(shí)自由玩耍)。由此可見(jiàn)作者認(rèn)為孩子自由玩耍的時(shí)間越來(lái)越少。所以A項(xiàng)所述作者會(huì)比較關(guān)心。B:上班母親越來(lái)越忽視孩子。第二段談及母親上班有影響到孩子的休閑時(shí)間，但并不能推測(cè)出B項(xiàng)所述，因此排除B項(xiàng)。C:用來(lái)看電視的時(shí)間越來(lái)越多。第四段的確指出:Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision(調(diào)查的孩子的休閑時(shí)間迅速減少，但是他們花其中四分之一的時(shí)間來(lái)看電視)，但并不能推測(cè)出C項(xiàng)所述，因此排除C項(xiàng)。D:做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來(lái)越少。第一段指出:Theyalsodidmorehouseholdwork(做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來(lái)越少)，由此可知，D項(xiàng)所述錯(cuò)誤。因此本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:從文章中，我們能推斷出什么?A:課外活動(dòng)促進(jìn)兒童智力發(fā)展。文章并未有所體現(xiàn)。B:如果關(guān)掉電視機(jī)，多數(shù)孩子會(huì)去讀書。最后一段指出:Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading(然而，如果他們花更少的時(shí)間看電視，孩子們不會(huì)以閱讀來(lái)取代看電視)。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經(jīng)頗有成效。文章最后指出:Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading(盡管人們付出努力來(lái)培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣，但孩子們一周僅有一個(gè)多小時(shí)用來(lái)讀書)。因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。本題用排除法，可得出答案為D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)父母認(rèn)為閱讀對(duì)孩子有益”。

8.單選題

Onthefatefulnightin1930whenthefirstGermanbombsfellonPoland,youngNinaNovak,oneofPoland'smostpromisingdancers,wasperformingintheOperaHouseinWarsaw.TwodayslatertheOperaHousewasdestroyedbybombs.Nina'swholelifehadbeendevotedtoballet:Nowherworldcollapsedaroundher.Inthedarkyearsthatfollowed,itseemedthatshewouldneverdanceagain,muchlessbecomeoneoftheworld'sleadingballerinas.ButNinahadcourageandadreamthatbeganwhenshewasveryyoung.

NinawasborninWarsawandspenttheearlyyearsofherchildhoodthere;HerfirstschoolteachernoticedlittleNina’sgraceandtoldhersheshouldstudydancing,Ninadelightedlyreportedtheteacher'swordsathome,buthermotherfoughttheidea,sayingthatnodaughterofherswasgoingtobeadancer.Nina,however,wasadeterminedchild.Shehadmadeuphermindtobeareallygreatballerinanomatterwhatthecost,andsheworkedtowardthisgoalwithherwholebeing.ShecoaxedandrageduntilhermotherfinallygaveinandletherenrollatthePolishOperaBalletSchool.

Herfirstappearanceonstagecamethreeyearslater,whenshewasallowedtodancethepartofaslavegirlintheoperaAida.Shortlyafterthis,Ninabecamearealprofessional,dancingfortwoyearsasprimaballerinaoftheChildren'sofWarsaw.

Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.ShespenttwoexcitingyearsdancinginthecapitalsofEurope,andsherosefromherhumbleplaceinthecorpsdeballetallthewaytosoloist.

ShehadjustreturnedtoWarsawafterthistourwhenthePolishStateBalletwasinvitedtodanceattheWorld’sFarinNewYorkearlyin1929.ButwhileshewasdancinggailyinNewYork,warcloudsweredarkeningoverhernativecountry.NinahadbeenhomeforonlyamonthwhenHitlermarchedintoPoland.

TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-over.InsteadshejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.

ThedarkyearsofWorldWarIIworeon.Onebyone,themembersofNina'slargeandwealthyfamilywerearrestedandsenttoconcentration:camps.Heradoredolderbrotherwastakenfirst,thenherfather,thenNinaandherotherbrothersandsisters.Theywereseparatedandsenttodifferentcamps.Ninafranticallyaskedfornewsofherfamilyfromeachprisonerwhocametohercamp.Drearymonthdraggedbybeforethetragicnewsreachedherthatherbelovedbrotherhadbeenkilledfromanti-Naziactivities.Herfather,too,wasdead—ofstarvation.

Dazedwithgrief,shenolongercaredwhethershelivedordied.Sixmonthslater,whenliberatingtroopsarrivedandthrewopentheprisongates,shewassothinthatshecouldhardlywalk.

Barelyawarethatthewarwasover;Ninalistlesslybegantopickupthethreadsofherlife.Shewasreunitedwithwhatwasleftofherfamily,andtheytriedtomakesomesortoflifeforthemselvesinwar-tomPoland.Shebegantofeelvaguestirringsoftheold,familiardesiretodance,butshewasstilltoodepressedandweaktopractice.Heryoungerbrothertriedtoencourageher.Hebegantopracticewithher,andsoontheyhadbuiltupacharminglittledanceroutineoftheirown.TogethertheyfounddancingengagementsinmanyWarsawnightspots.ThefamilydecidedthatthebestfutureforNinaasadancerwasintheUnitedSates,andtheystartedsavingmoneyforhertomakethetrip.

NinaarrivedinNewYorkin1947—aslightgirlwhosetragicdarkeyesheldtheonlyhintoftheheartbreakshehadbeenthrough.ShesentaboutlearningtospeakEnglishandtookintensiveballetlessonstoretrainherstill-frailbody.SheappliedforapositioninthecorpsdeballetoftheBalletRussedeMonteCarloin1948,andwasaccepted.Sheworkedhard,determinedtorisetothetop.Fouryearslater,shehadmadethegrade-shewasthetop-rankingballerinawiththeBalletRussedeMonteCarlo.

ThebitterwarhadbroughtNinaheartbreakandhaddrivenhertothevergeofphysicalcollapse.Butinspiteofthis;shesaystoday,"Alwaysinlife,Ihaveluck—reallyhaveluck!"Sheinsiststhatitwasluckthatbroughthertwoofhergreatestroles.ThefirstwasSwan-HildainCoppelia.Ninadancedthatroleonthreedays’noticewhentheBalletRussedeMonteCarlowasinChicago.ReplacingDanilova,whowasill,shedancedsowellthatshegotravenoticesfromtheChicagocritics.

Itwasluckagain,accordingtoNinathatbroughthertheroleinMutewifeforwhichsheisbestknown.Theleadingballerinahadanargumentwiththechoreographerandwalkedout.Ninasteppedin.

ShehaswonaleadingroleinalmosteveryballetoftheBalletRusse.Stilldrivenbyambition,sheissodedicatedtoherprofessionthatnothingelsematterstoher.NinaNovakhastakenforhercreedthewordsofherteacheroflongago:"Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeither,foryoumustalwaysimprove."

1.WhenNinawastakenintothePolishOperaCompany,shewas（）.

2.Ofthefollowingevents,thefirsttooccurwas（）.

3.WhydidNinarefusetodanceatthetheatertakenoverbytheGermans?

4.Itismostaccuratetosaythatthewar（）.

5.Ninathinksthatshe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestarorprimaballerina

B.theyoungestdancer

C.stillabeginner

D.theleadingprofessionaldancer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theGermaninvasionofPoland

B.Nina'sEuropeantour

C.TheWorld'sFairinNewYork

D.Nina'sbecominga'realprofessionaldancer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshewantedtodanceinalargetheatre.

B.Becauseshewasnolongerinterestedindancing.

C.BecauseshedidnotwanttodancefortheGermans.

D.Becauseshewasillandtooweaktodance.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.didnotaffectNina'sdevotiontodancing

B.almostruinedNina'swholelife

C.changedNina'smostimportantgoals

D.hadagreatinfluenceonNina'scharacters

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.stillmustprovetoothersthatshecandance

B.stillmustworkatlearningtodance

C.hasatlastreachedhergoal

D.hadmadegreatachievementsindancing.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，根據(jù)原文第四段Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.可知，Nina在十三歲時(shí)進(jìn)入波蘭戲劇公司，是最年輕的舞蹈演員。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第四段Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.可知，在進(jìn)入PolishOperaCompany之后，Nina參與了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的歐洲巡演。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.C推理判斷題。由原文第六段TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-overInsteadhejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.可知，入侵的德國(guó)人下令，任何沒(méi)有工作的人都將被送到勞改營(yíng)。冒著極大的危險(xiǎn)，Nina拒絕在德國(guó)人占領(lǐng)的大劇院里跳舞，而是加入了一群波蘭舞者，在一個(gè)設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋的小劇院里，只為自己的同胞表演。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給Nina的人生和舞蹈生涯都帶來(lái)了很大的打擊。她的家人在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中相繼被迫害，她自己也被送到了集中營(yíng)，但是她始終都保持著對(duì)舞蹈的熱愛(ài)和追求。A選項(xiàng)didnotaffectNina’sdevotiontodancing“沒(méi)有影響Nina對(duì)舞蹈的熱愛(ài)”符合題意，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeitherforyoumustalwaysimprove.可知，Nina的信條是不要相信別人對(duì)自己的否定，也不要滿足于別人對(duì)自己的贊揚(yáng)，人需要不斷提升自我。所以B項(xiàng)“她認(rèn)為自己仍然需要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，提高技藝”符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.Whenourskincomesintocontactwithobjectshavinghightemperaturesorwithliquidair,theimmediateexperiencesmaybesimilar.Wecannot,however,concludewithouterrorthatthetemperaturesofthesubstancestouchedarethesame.Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.

Everyinquiryarisesfromsomefeltproblem,sothatnoinquirycanevengetunderwayunlesssomeselectionorsiftingofthesubjectmatterhastakenplace.Suchselectionrequires,wehavebeenurgingallalong,somehypothesis,preconception,prejudice,whichguidestheresearchaswellasdelimitsthesubjectmatterofinquiry.Everyinquiryisspecificinthesensethatithasadefiniteproblemtosolve,andsuchsolutionterminatestheinquiry.Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.

Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.Theproblemswhichmeetusindailylifecanbesolved,iftheycanbesolvedatall,bytheapplicationofscientificmethod.Butsuchproblemsdonot,asarule,raisefar-reachingissues.Themoststrikingapplicationsofscientificmethodaretobefoundinthevariousnaturalandsocialsciences.

The“facts”forwhicheveryinquiryreachesoutarepropositionsforwhosetruththereisconsiderableevidence.Consequentlywhatthe“facts”aremustbedeterminedbyinquiry,andcannotbedeterminedantecedentlytoinquiry.Moreover,whatwebelievetobethefactsclearlydependsuponthestageofourinquiry.Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.Duringanyinquirythestatusofapropositionmaychangefromthatofhypothesistothatoffact,orfromthatoffacttothatofhypothesis.Everyso-calledfact,therefore,maybechallengedfortheevidenceuponwhichitisassertedtobeafact,eventhoughnosuchchallengeisactuallymade.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Thephrase“irrespectiveof”inthepassageisclosestinmeani