考研考博-英語-云南外事外語職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南外事外語職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

問題2選項

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

問題3選項

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

問題4選項

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

問題5選項

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項中選擇一個選項的過程。也就是說，需要考慮多種選擇，選項B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……組織中所有參與了這個過程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項D更恰當(dāng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對一個身份不明的問題做出反應(yīng)，需要通過研究問題，確定組織的目標(biāo)，制定方案，評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點和缺點，包括問題本身的性質(zhì)，對組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動態(tài)以及決策者的個性。選項A屬于評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點和缺點；選項B屬于確定組織的目標(biāo)；選項D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動態(tài)；所以，只有選項C沒有涉及。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對來自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機應(yīng)變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”經(jīng)過仔細分析而選擇出的最佳選項。選項C正確。

2.單選題

Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowers,eyecontacthelpsholdlistenerinterest.

Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport(關(guān)系)withlisteners,aspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodium(演講臺)orfromacrossthetable,are“regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest.”

Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-bybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone.

Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itis,infact,essentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues(暗示)fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolong,orthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedout,visualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,agoodspeakermust______.

3.Theword“target”inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.

4.Indailylife,whentheglancesoftwopassers-byhappentomeet,thesetwopersonswillinevitably______.

5.Eyecontactwithanaudience,accordingtotheauthor,hasallthefollowingbenefitsforthespeakerEXCEPTthatitdoesn’t______.

問題1選項

A.theimportanceofeyecontact

B.thepotencyofnonverbaltechniques

C.successfulspeechdelivery

D.aneffectivewaytogainvisualfeedbacks

問題2選項

A.“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience

B.maintaindirecteyecontactwithlisteners

C.beverypersuasiveandbelievable

D.beexceptionallywell-disposed

問題3選項

A.“destination”

B.“goal”

C.“audience”

D.“followers”

問題4選項

A.smiletoeachother

B.feelawkwardandlookawayimmediately

C.trytomakeaconversationwitheachother

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.helpthespeakertocontroltheaudience

B.helpthespeakertogainaudienceinterestandesteem

C.helpthespeakertoknowwhetherheistalkingtoomuchaboutacertainpoint

D.helpthespeakertoanalyzehisaudiencewhenheisbeginninghisspeech

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章首先提出了目光接觸這個技巧，接著介紹了具體的做法以及它發(fā)揮的重要作用。因此A選項“目光接觸的重要性”最符合文章主旨。B選項“非語言技巧的效力”，文章只介紹了目光接觸這一種非語言技巧，而不是對非語言技巧效力的概述，所以B錯誤。C選項“成功的演講”，良好的目光接觸只是成功演講的因素之一，C選項過于寬泛，所以C錯誤。D選項“獲得視覺反饋的一種有效方法”只是目光接觸的作用之一，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.（一個成功的演講者必須與聽眾保持目光接觸。），說明本文認為成功的演講者必須與聽眾保持目光接觸。因此B選項“與聽眾保持直接的目光接觸”正確。A選項“向聽眾‘推銷’他或她的想法”，C選項“具有很強的說服力和可信度”，D選項“非常友好”都是保持目光接觸起到的作用和結(jié)果，所以A,C,D錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“target”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodiumorfromacrossthetable,are“regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest.”（無論是在講臺上還是在桌子對面講話時，保持目光接觸的人“不僅會被他們的聽眾視為非常友好的人，而且會被視為更可信、更認真的人?！保?，說明“target”在文中是指“講話的聽眾”的意思。因此C選項“聽眾”正確。A選項“目的地”，B選項“目標(biāo)”，D選項“追隨者”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-bybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone.（為了顯示目光交流在日常生活中的作用，我們只需要考慮路人在街上偶然相遇時的目光是如何表現(xiàn)的。一個極端是那些在目光接觸時覺得必須微笑的人。另一種極端是那些感到尷尬，會立刻把目光移開的人。進行目光交流，似乎是為了與某人建立某種聯(lián)系。），說明在日常生活中在這種情況下，不同的人有不同的反應(yīng)或表現(xiàn)，并不是非做出某種表現(xiàn)或反應(yīng)不可。A選項“向?qū)Ψ轿⑿Α保珺選項“感到尷尬并立即移開目光”是兩種極端的情況，不代表一定會發(fā)生，所以A,B錯誤。C選項“試圖與對方進行交談”，建立聯(lián)系不一定意味著進行談話，所以C錯誤。因此D選項“以上都不是”正確。

5.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“幫助演講者控制聽眾”，由原文Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience.（目光接觸是一種非語言技巧，有助于演講者向聽眾“推銷”他或她的想法。）可知，目光接觸有助于讓聽眾認同演講者的想法，是對聽眾的一種控制，A選項屬于目光接觸的好處，排除A。B選項“幫助演講者獲得聽眾的興趣和尊重”，由原文Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.（有些演講者只專注于他們的筆記。有些人的目光越過聽眾的頭頂。兩種做法都有可能失去觀眾的興趣和尊重。）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者獲得聽眾的興趣和尊重，B選項屬于目光接觸的好處，排除B。C選項“幫助演講者了解他是否在某一點上說得太多了”，由原文Visualcuesfromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolong（聽眾的視覺線索可以表明演講拖沓，演講者在某一點上停留的時間過長）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者了解自己的演講是否冗長，C選項屬于目光接觸的好處，排除C。D選項“幫助演講者在開始演講時分析他的聽眾”，由原文Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itis,infact,essentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.（與聽眾的目光接觸也能讓演講者了解并觀察聽眾。事實上，這對于在演講中分析聽眾是必不可少的。）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者在演講全程分析聽眾，而不只是演講開始時，D選項表述不符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.單選題

Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.

問題1選項

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】詞匯題。variety變種,

多樣,

種種；classification分類,

類別,

級別；density

稠密,

密度；diversion轉(zhuǎn)移,

消遣。根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)該是生命的多樣性。選項B正確。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生命的顯著多樣性啟發(fā)了查爾斯·達爾文建立了他的進化論。

4.單選題

Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs（

）italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.

問題1選項

A.renders

B.reckons

C.regards

D.relates

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項render“致使”；B選項reckon“計算；認為，把……看作”；C選項regard“看待，認為”；D選項relate“有聯(lián)系，連接”。句意：金雕通常將巢筑在高高的懸崖上，這一事實使得獲取鳥蛋或小鳥幾乎不可能。結(jié)合句意，可知A選項正確。

5.單選題

Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?

問題1選項

A.Youmustleaveimmediately.

B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.

C.Youmustbeherebyeighto’clock.

D.Youmustcompletereadingassignmentontime.

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。題干：下面哪個句子表達“可能性”？

must作情態(tài)動詞，可以表示命令或推測。B選項表示推測，其他選項表示命令。

6.單選題

WhenIamonvacation,Iliketoexplorenewcitiesbywalkingrandomlythroughthedowntownstreets.

問題1選項

A.lazily

B.reflectively

C.aimlessly

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項lazily“懶洋洋地；怠惰地，懶散地”；B選項reflectively“反映地；反照地”；C選項aimlessly“漫無目的地，無目標(biāo)地”；D選項deliberately“故意地；緩慢而謹慎地”。句意：度假時，我喜歡在市中心的街道上隨意走動，探索新的城市。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞randomly“隨便地，任意地；無目的地，胡亂地；未加計劃地”，得知C為正確答案。

7.單選題

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

問題1選項

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項putup“提供；建造；舉起；提高；推舉，提名；供給……住宿；直接行動”；B選項stayedup“不睡覺，熬夜”；C選項savedup“儲蓄；貯存”；D選項usedup“用完，耗盡”。句意：恐怕我們的食物儲備不久就會___。本句表達“不久就會用完事物”。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree--marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantpricecutting,becausepricecuttingwouldbeprejudicialtocommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetoward“Mosteconomists”intheUnitedStates(para1)canbestbedescribedas____.

51.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(para1)because____.

52.Thesuggestioninthetextthatpricefixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis____.

53.Accordingtotheauthor,pricefixinginnon-socialistcountriesisoften____.

問題1選項

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

問題2選項

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

問題3選項

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

問題4選項

A.accidentalbutproductive

B.illegalbutuseful

C.legalandinnovative

D.intentionalandwidespread

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。定位到文章第一段最后一句Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot（大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并不知道價格操縱會在何時發(fā)生，因為他們期望價格操縱由大公司之間的一系列明確協(xié)議帶來；事實并非如此）和第二段第一句Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates（此外，那些認為允許自由市場不受干擾地運行是建立價格的最有效方法的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家沒有考慮美國以外的非社會主義國家的經(jīng)濟），可以看出作者對大部分經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的態(tài)度是批判的，所以C項“批判”符合。A項“怨恨和嫉妒”，B項“蔑視和譴責(zé)”和D項“矛盾但恭敬”，均未在文中體現(xiàn)。

51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：從作者的論點可以推斷，賣方定價“似乎有害”，因為。定位到文章第一段第二句Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious（就此而言，由賣方?jīng)Q定的價格，或由消費者群體以外的任何人確定的價格，似乎是有害的），所以C項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認為，消費者作為一個群體應(yīng)該決定價格”符合這句話所表達的意思。而A項“人們對大公司沒有信心”，B項“人們不指望政府調(diào)控物價”，D項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家把固定價格與共產(chǎn)主義和社會主義經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系起來”均屬于無中生有。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：本文認為，工業(yè)社會的價格管制是正常的，這是因為作者認為價格管制是……？定位到文章第一段第四句Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事實上，在所有工業(yè)化社會中，定價都是正常的，因為工業(yè)體系本身提供了它所需要的定價，這是它自身發(fā)展的一個不費吹灰之力的結(jié)果），可知B項“工業(yè)系統(tǒng)的必然結(jié)果”符合文意，當(dāng)選。A項“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的有益結(jié)果”，C項“一系列精心組織的決定的結(jié)果”，D項“工業(yè)化和非工業(yè)化社會的共同現(xiàn)象”，均在文中未提及。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。從第二段第二句和第三句Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace（這些經(jīng)濟體通常以公開的方式有意操縱價格?？ㄌ貭柕恼蕉▋r和涵蓋行業(yè)成員的協(xié)議的非正式定價是司空見慣的），特別是里面的關(guān)鍵詞intentional和commonplace，可知D項“有意和普遍的”符合題意。A項“偶然但富有成效”，B項“非法但有用”，C項“合法且創(chuàng)新”，都不符合文意，排除。

9.單選題

Thepresidentappearstohavebeen（

）whenhepromisedtotrytobalancethenationalbudget.

問題1選項

A.inearnest

B.inperson

C.inprivate

D.inreality

【答案】A

【解析】inearnest認真地，誠摯地；inperson親自地；inprivate秘密地，私下地；inreality實際上；事實上。句意：當(dāng)總統(tǒng)承諾努力平衡國家預(yù)算時，他似乎是認真的。選項A符合句意。

10.翻譯題

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或嬌嫩，也不是大膽或謙遜的花朵的紅、黃、藍。秋天吸收了春天的所有顏色，并將它們豐富地融合和軟化為紫色、深紅色、青銅色、琥珀色和桃花心木等強烈的色調(diào)，或以掛毯的方式并排展示，或以豐富的新色調(diào)融合。樹木被銅色和金色染得金碧輝煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在陽光下閃著深黃的光。紅色漿果點綴的樹籬勾勒出的綠色長方形與整齊犁溝的農(nóng)田形成了鮮明的對比。高沼地上散布著紫色石南的皇家刺繡，鑲嵌在閃閃發(fā)光的金雀花中。

11.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形針，圖釘和安金扣針全都散落在地板上。

考查動詞辨析。四個選型都是對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得亂七八糟;spray噴灑;separate使分離。因此A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

問題1選項

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

問題2選項

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

問題3選項

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

問題4選項

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

問題5選項

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講學(xué)者們在美國社會中不同種族和民族的融合問題上存在分歧。所以選項C最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”許多學(xué)者認為，美國猶太人不愿意融入美國社會，主要是由于幾個世紀以來歐洲國家的迫害，其中一些國家幸存下來，與歐洲的基督徒一起來到了美國。由此可以推斷，歐洲后代中最有可能歧視美國猶太人的是基督教徒，所以選項A正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“saladbowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“variousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.”不同的群體雖然在同一社會中工作和生活，但仍然彼此獨立。選項B符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Jewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericanculture...”可知選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.”選項D符合原文。

13.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Anotherfieldinwhichtechnologicaladvanceshavespurredglobalsocialchangeisbiotechnology.Sexselectionoffetuses,geneticallyengineeredorganisms,cloningofsheepandcows—thesehavebeenamongthesignificantyetcontroversialscientificadvancesinthefieldofbiotechnologyinrecentyears.GeorgeRitzer’sconceptofMcDonaldizationappliestotheentireareaofbiotechnology.(46)Justasthefast-foodconcepthaspermeatedsociety,nophaseoflifenowseemsexemptfromtherapeuticormedicalintervention.Infact,sociologistsviewmanyaspectsofbiotechnologyasanextensionoftherecenttrendtowardthemedicalizationofsociety.Throughgeneticmanipulation,themedicalprofessionisexpandingitsturfstillfurther(Clarkeetal.2003).

Today’sbiotechnologyholdsitselfoutastotallybeneficialtohumanbeings,butitisinconstantneedofmonitoring.(47)Aswewillsee,biotechnologicaladvanceshaveraisedmanydifficultethicalandpoliticalquestions,amongthemthedesirabilityoftinkeringwiththegenepool,whichcouldalterourenvironmentinunexpectedandunwantedways(D.WeinsteinandWeinstein1999).

Onestartlingbiotechnologicaladvanceisthepossibilityofalteringhumanbehaviorthroughgeneticengineering.Fishandplantgeneshavealreadybeenmixedtocreatefrost-resistantpotatoandtomatocrops.Morerecently,humangeneshavebeenimplantedinpigstoprovidehumanlikekidneysfororgantransplants.

Oneofthelatestdevelopmentsingeneticengineeringisgenetherapy.(48)Geneticistsworkingwithmousefetuseshavemanagedtodisablegenesthatcarryanundesirabletraitandreplacethemwithgenescarryingadesirabletrait.Suchadvancesraisestaggeringpossibilitiesforalteringanimalandhumanforms.Still,genetherapyremainshighlyexperimental,andmustbeconsideredalong,longshot(Kolata1999).

Thedebateongeneticengineeringescalatedin1997whenscientistsinScotlandannouncedthattheyhadclonedasheep.(49)Aftermanyunsuccessfulattempts,theyhadfinallybeenabletoreplacethegeneticmaterialofasheep’seggwithDNAfromanadultsheep,creatingalambthatwasacloneoftheadult.Theverynextyear,Japaneseresearcherssuccessfullyclonedcows.Thesedevelopmentsraisedthepossibilitythatinthenearfuture,scientistsmaybeabletoclonehumanbeings.WilliamF.Ogburnprobablycouldnothaveanticipatedsuchscientificdevelopmentswhenhewroteofculturelag70yearsearlier.(50)However,thesuccessfulcloningofsheepillustratesagainhowquicklymaterialculturecanchange,andhownon-materialculturemovesmoreslowlyinabsorbingsuchchanges.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.就像快餐的概念已經(jīng)滲透到社會中一樣，生活中似乎沒有哪個階段可以免于治療或醫(yī)療干預(yù)。

47.正如我們將看到的，生物技術(shù)的進步已經(jīng)引發(fā)了許多棘手的倫理和政治問題，其中包括修補基因庫的愿望，這可能會以意想不到的方式改變我們的環(huán)境。

48.研究老鼠胎兒的遺傳學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地使帶有不良性狀的基因失效，并用帶有良好性狀的基因取而代之。

49.經(jīng)過多次失敗的嘗試之后，他們終于能夠用一只成年綿羊的DNA替代綿羊卵子的遺傳物質(zhì)，創(chuàng)造出一只成年克隆羊。

50.然而，成功克隆綿羊再次說明了物質(zhì)文化的變化是多么迅速，而非物質(zhì)文化在吸收這種變化方面的進展是多么緩慢。

14.單選題

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

問題1選項

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項status“地位；狀態(tài)”；B選項bonus“獎金；紅利；額外津貼”；C選項chorus“合唱隊；齊聲”；D選項census“人口普查；普查”。句意：針對住宅購買模式的一項最近普查顯示，在美國很多30歲以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D選項正確。

15.單選題

Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.Thereareabouttenchemicalelementswhichremainpermanentlyingaseousformintheatmosphereunderallnaturalconditions.Ofthesepermanentgases,oxygenmakesupabout21percentandnitrogenabout78percent.Severalothergases,suchasargon,carbondioxide:hydrogen,neon,kiyptonandxenon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.Theamountofwatervaporanditsvariationsinamountanddistributionisofextraordinaryimportanceinweatherchanges.Atmosphericgasesholdinsuspensiongreatquantitiesofdust,pollen,smoke,andotherimpuritieswhicharealwayspresentinconsiderable,