考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.案例題

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隱伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)ErinWhite聽(tīng)到Obama成功贏得選舉的消息，她感覺(jué)到肩上的擔(dān)子減輕了。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

根據(jù)第二段ErinWhite說(shuō)的話“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她總是被一些問(wèn)題所困擾，比如是否能成為自己想成為的人，在人生路上能走多遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias這一部分的內(nèi)容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly這一部分的內(nèi)容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles這一部分的內(nèi)容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”這一部分第三段Effron說(shuō)的內(nèi)容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

2.單選題

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully（）pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Bred繁殖，飼養(yǎng)；expanded擴(kuò)張；exerted運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；availed有利，有用。句意：只有中國(guó)人成功地繁殖了熊貓，并在圈養(yǎng)環(huán)境下哺育熊貓幼崽。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcan（1）thejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisreallyimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyou

（2）accidentallyorasudden（3）,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonal

（4）arethe"payoff'ineducation.Ateachermay（5）youtolearningandevenencourageyouinit,butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That's（6）

toyou.

Aresearchpaper,（7）inacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor;（8）

youbeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoa（9）wherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andan（10）

learningprocess.Itprovidesastructure

（11）whichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Theresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,to

（12）apieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowothers

（13）

youcando.Writingaresearchpaperis

（14）thanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskills

（15）tobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovery,andaneducation.So,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughly

（16）experience!

Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.

（17）theveryideaofhavingtowork

（18）isthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwith

（19）,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.

（20）consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachandyouwillfindgreatpleasureinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exterminate

B.disparage

C.overwhelm

D.exceed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confrontwith

B.conformto

C.comeacross

D.concentrateon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.insight

B.achievement

C.outcome

D.thought

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.behaviors

B.encounters

C.segregations

D.opportunities

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.direct

B.help

C.push

D.move

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.down

D.on

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.lounged

C.assigned

D.relayed

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.leads

B.jots

C.jets

D.litters

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.situation

B.interface

C.field

D.process

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.ideal

C.abnormal

D.accomplished

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.without

B.within

C.upon

D.by

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.devote

B.adopt

C.adapt

D.suit

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.that

C.which

D.what

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.noneother

B.rather

C.more

D.other

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.applicable

B.suitable

C.flexible

D.alternative

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.inspiring

B.satisfying

C.rewarding

D.stimulating

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Totheother

B.Toanother

C.Totheothers

D.Toothers

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.hardly

C.independently

D.precisely

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.caution

B.anxiety

C.difficulty

D.passion

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Therefore

C.Instead

D.Inreturn

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)exterminate“消滅；根除”；B選項(xiàng)disparage“蔑視；毀謗”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelm“淹沒(méi)；壓倒”；D選項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò)；勝過(guò)”。空格前“Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.最激動(dòng)人心的教育也是最個(gè)人的。”空格后“discoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisreallyimportanttoyou自己發(fā)現(xiàn)一些對(duì)自己確實(shí)重要的事情”，所以空格這里指代“自己發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)自己而言確實(shí)重要的一些事情帶來(lái)的喜悅超過(guò)任何事情。”，D選項(xiàng)的“超過(guò)”符合文意，正確。

（2）詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)confrontwith“使面臨”；B選項(xiàng)conformto“符合；遵照”；C選項(xiàng)comeacross“偶遇；無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)concentrateon“集中精力于；全神貫注于”?？崭袂啊癮nideaorabitofinformation一個(gè)想法或一些信息”,所以空格的對(duì)應(yīng)是C選項(xiàng)“偶遇，無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)insight“洞察力；洞悉；頓悟”；B選項(xiàng)achievement“成就；完成；達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)outcome“結(jié)果，結(jié)局”；D選項(xiàng)thought“思想；思考；想法；關(guān)心”?？崭窈蟆癴ittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem拼湊信息或解決問(wèn)題”是空格處填寫內(nèi)容帶來(lái)的結(jié)果，所以空格這里應(yīng)該是“突然的頓悟”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)behavior“行為，舉止；態(tài)度；反應(yīng)”；B選項(xiàng)encounter“相見(jiàn)；意外或偶然的相遇；遭遇”;C選項(xiàng)segregation“隔離，分離；種族隔離”；D選項(xiàng)opportunity“時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)”?？崭袂啊癝uchpersonal如此個(gè)人的……”指代的是上文提及的“偶遇的一個(gè)想法或一些信息與突然頓悟”，而這些全都是“意外的相遇”，B選項(xiàng)符合，正確。

（5）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)direct“引導(dǎo)；命令；導(dǎo)演（電影等）；指揮”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助；促進(jìn)”；C選項(xiàng)push“推動(dòng)，對(duì)……施加壓力，逼迫”；D選項(xiàng)move“移動(dòng)；感動(dòng)”。由空格前“teacher老師”與空格后“…你去學(xué)習(xí)，甚至鼓勵(lì)你，但沒(méi)有老師可以使興奮或快樂(lè)發(fā)生?！笨芍狝選項(xiàng)的“引導(dǎo)”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（6）固定搭配。由空格前“butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen

但沒(méi)有老師可以使興奮或快樂(lè)發(fā)生。”所以空格后應(yīng)該是‘這取決于你’。B選項(xiàng)beuptosb.“取決于”是固定搭配。

（7）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“敘述；使…有聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)lounge“閑逛；懶洋洋地躺臥；閑混”；C選項(xiàng)assign“分配；指派；布置（作業(yè)等）”；D選項(xiàng)relay“轉(zhuǎn)播；使接替；分程傳遞”?？崭袂啊癆researchpaper一篇研究論文”，空格后“inacourse在課程中”，所以空格這里指代“布置，分配”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使；引導(dǎo)；指揮”；B選項(xiàng)jot“略記；摘要記載下來(lái)”;C選項(xiàng)jet“射出”;D選項(xiàng)litter"亂丟;把……弄得亂七八糟”。由空格前‘一篇研究論文，在一個(gè)課程中指定，可能在不同的階段由老師檢查’和空格后“你越過(guò)教室，超出文本類”可知A選項(xiàng)的“引導(dǎo)”符合文意，正確。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)situation“情況；形勢(shì)；處境；位置”；B選項(xiàng)interface“界面；接口”；C選項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域；牧場(chǎng)；曠野；戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)process“過(guò)程；方法，步驟；程序”。這句話主句部分是‘Aresearchpaper,leadyoubeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoa...wherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.一篇研究論文，帶你走出課堂，走出課文，走進(jìn)……在其中，發(fā)現(xiàn)和學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣可以來(lái)到你的身邊很多次?！煽崭窈蟆癮nactiveandindividualprocess一個(gè)積極和個(gè)人的過(guò)程”中process的對(duì)應(yīng)確定上文指的是“研究論文的寫作帶你進(jìn)入一個(gè)過(guò)程，在其中……”，所以D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)程”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（10）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)excellent“卓越的；極好的；杰出的”；B選項(xiàng)ideal“理想的；完美的;想象的”；C選項(xiàng)abnormal“反常的，不規(guī)則的”；D選項(xiàng)accomplished“完成的；熟練的；有學(xué)問(wèn)的”?？崭袂啊癮nactiveandindividualprocess一個(gè)積極和個(gè)人的過(guò)程”，空格后“l(fā)earningprocess學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程”，中間由連詞and連接表并列，所以B選項(xiàng)“理想的”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（11）介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)without“沒(méi)有；缺乏；在……外面”；B選項(xiàng)within“在……之內(nèi)”;C選項(xiàng)upon“根據(jù)；接近；在……之上”；D選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)；被;依據(jù)；在……之前”?？崭袂啊癮structure一個(gè)體系”，空格后是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，“你能在體系內(nèi)得到激動(dòng)人心的發(fā)現(xiàn)等”，B選項(xiàng)“在……之內(nèi)”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（12）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)devote“致力于；奉獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)adopt“采?。唤邮?；收養(yǎng)”；沒(méi)有adoptsth.tosth.的搭配；C選項(xiàng)adapt“使適應(yīng)”，改編”，與to連用adapttosth適應(yīng)某事；D選項(xiàng)suit“相配；使適應(yīng)，常與to連用”，suitsth.tosth.“使某事與某事相配”。由空格前“研究論文也給了你一個(gè)個(gè)性化學(xué)校作業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)，”空格后‘….一份適合自己興趣和能力的工作’，D選項(xiàng)使句意變成“讓作業(yè)與你的興趣和能力相配”，符合文意，正確。

（13）語(yǔ)法題。A選項(xiàng)because“因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”；C選項(xiàng)which“哪/那一個(gè);哪/那一些”；D選項(xiàng)what“什么；多么;多少”?？崭窈蟆皔oucando你能做”中的do缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以D選項(xiàng)“什么”使句意變成“向別人展示你能做什么”正確。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)noneotherthan“恰是”；B選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”；C選項(xiàng)morethan“多于；超出”；D選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了；不同于”。由空格后“Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing…它是一個(gè)在尋找、理解和綜合方面的經(jīng)歷”可知空格句這里指代“寫研究報(bào)告不僅是課堂練習(xí)”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicable“可適用的；可應(yīng)用的；合適的”；B選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”；C選項(xiàng)flexible“靈活的；柔韌的;易彎曲的”；D選項(xiàng)alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的；交替的”。空格所在句句意‘它是一種探索、理解和綜合的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，是許多學(xué)術(shù)和非學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)技能的….基礎(chǔ)?！申P(guān)鍵詞“academicandnonacademictasks學(xué)術(shù)和非學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)”可知“可應(yīng)用的”符合題意，正確。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)inspiring“鼓舞人心的；灌輸?shù)?啟發(fā)靈感的”;B選項(xiàng)satisfying“令人滿意的；令人滿足的”；C選項(xiàng)rewarding“有益的；有報(bào)酬的”；D選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激的；有刺激性的”。空格所在句句意‘從最充分的意義上說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，也是一種教育。所以，寫一篇好的研究論文既是有用的，也是一次徹底的…體驗(yàn)!’由and并列連接連個(gè)形容詞修飾experience，前一個(gè)是“useful有用的”所以B選項(xiàng)“令人滿意的”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（17）邏輯關(guān)系。本段句首是“tosome對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)”，所以空格所在是固定搭配，“對(duì)其它人來(lái)說(shuō)toothers”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)accordingly“因此;相應(yīng)地”；B選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不；剛剛”;C選項(xiàng)independently“獨(dú)立地；自立地”；D選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”。空格所在句句意‘對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，不得不寫指定的頁(yè)數(shù)(通常比以往任何時(shí)候都多)的想法令人不安。對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，不得不……寫本身就是一種威脅?！煽崭袂啊皐riteanassignednumberofpages寫指定數(shù)量的論文”和常識(shí)“研究論文一般自己獨(dú)自寫”可知“獨(dú)立地”符合語(yǔ)境，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)caution“小心，謹(jǐn)慎；警告”；B選項(xiàng)anxiety“焦慮；渴望”；C選項(xiàng)difficulty“困難，困境”;D選項(xiàng)passion“激情;熱愛(ài)”。由空格前關(guān)鍵詞“disconcerting令人不安的”和‘threatening威脅的’可知“焦慮”符合語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)furthermore“此外;而且”；B選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”；C選項(xiàng)instead“代替；反而”；D選項(xiàng)inreturn“作為回報(bào)；作為交換”?？崭袂啊皀obodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome沒(méi)有人應(yīng)該將研究論文看成是需要去克服的一個(gè)障礙?！笨崭窈蟆癱onsideritagoaltoaccomplish…把它當(dāng)成一個(gè)去完成的目標(biāo)?！眱删湓捑湟獍l(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，所以C選項(xiàng)“反而”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

4.單選題

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen（）.

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit（）.

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致？

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛(ài)斯基摩人并不總是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是，與其他時(shí)候相比，人們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锔鼉A向于待在室內(nèi)，這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”，可知，這里是對(duì)冬天更容易感冒的解釋，并不是說(shuō)人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)，故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合，但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“愛(ài)斯基摩人并不總是感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么愛(ài)斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此?！笨芍忻安⒉皇呛湟鸬?，所以愛(ài)斯基摩人不會(huì)總是感冒，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，從fallacy（謬論）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______，北極探險(xiǎn)家可能會(huì)感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開始與外界接觸

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)，探險(xiǎn)家們報(bào)告說(shuō)，在通過(guò)從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前，他們沒(méi)有感冒”，從中可知，探險(xiǎn)家們?cè)诮佑|外界之前沒(méi)有感冒，這也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)他們接觸外界時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)感冒，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)原文可知，北極探險(xiǎn)家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒(méi)感冒，而是沒(méi)有接觸帶有病毒的感染者，該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來(lái)不感冒

C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.總是感冒

D.becameverystrongD.非常強(qiáng)壯

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英國(guó)的普通感冒研究中心，志愿者們參加了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們讓自己長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于寒冷潮濕的不適狀態(tài)”，從中可知，在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者深受寒冷之苦，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“從來(lái)不感冒”、C項(xiàng)“總是感冒”和D項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)壯”在原文沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.這篇文章主要是討論______。

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)

B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人們感冒的原因

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的，而是由病毒引起，隨后用了幾個(gè)例子證明第一段開頭提出的論點(diǎn)，所以本文主要討論感冒的原因以及人們患上感冒的方式，C選項(xiàng)“人們感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、B項(xiàng)“普通感冒的病毒”和D項(xiàng)“普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延”只是文中提到的觀點(diǎn)，不是主旨思想，屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Certaindecisionsweremadethatseemedobviousandnecessaryatthetime,but（）,weknowthatsomeofthemarenotasbeneficialasthecreatorsthenbelieved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inretrospection

B.inretrospect

C.withreminiscence

D.innostalgia

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inretrospect意為“回顧往事，檢討過(guò)去”。句意：有些決定在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)是顯而易見(jiàn)和必要的，但回顧過(guò)去，我們知道有些決定并不像當(dāng)時(shí)我們所認(rèn)為的那樣有益。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

【答案】

各家公司現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到病毒并不是“現(xiàn)代神話”，而確實(shí)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響到公司的運(yùn)作。他們投資殺毒軟件，安裝在計(jì)算機(jī)、服務(wù)器以及電子郵件網(wǎng)關(guān)上，甚至還采取措施確保使用最新的檢查程序，隨時(shí)更新殺毒軟件。殺毒軟件確實(shí)能檢測(cè)出用戶會(huì)碰到的絕大多數(shù)病毒，而且往往在用戶毫無(wú)察覺(jué)時(shí)就已經(jīng)處理完畢。然而，軟件必須定期更新，大公司則最好是每天更新一次。即使是這樣，一種非常新的病毒也還是可能感染到用戶。通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，文件可以快速地傳輸，等到人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種病毒并加以防范時(shí)，病毒可能已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散到了相當(dāng)?shù)姆秶?/p>

7.單選題

Intheend,thepolicehadto（

）toforceinordertobreakupthecrowd.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.withdraw

C.employ

D.appeal

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confine“限制；禁閉”；withdraw“撤退；離開；收回”；employ“使用，采用；雇用”；appeal“呼吁；上訴；訴諸于”。句意：最后，警察為了驅(qū)散人群只能訴諸于武力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.案例題

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,buti