考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bobwasnota（

）manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bold

B.reckless

C.deliberate

D.rash

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。bold“大膽的，英勇的”；reckless“魯莽的，不顧后果的”；deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”；rash“輕率的，魯莽的”。句意：Bob不是那種在做決定之前多加思考的人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theword“這個詞；某個特定的詞或話”；B選項(xiàng)words“歌詞，臺詞，談話，言語”；C選項(xiàng)word“消息，音信，謠言，傳說”；D選項(xiàng)thewords“特指某些單詞”。句意：她發(fā)生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofaforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin______.

2.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan______.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso______.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fulfildelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironment

D.cultivatehumancreativity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“人類的聰明才智最初是在……”。第一段第一句Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.（自人類有了聰明才智以來，人們設(shè)計(jì)出了越來越精巧的工具來應(yīng)付危險(xiǎn)、無聊、繁重或純粹是骯臟的工作）可推斷，人類的聰明才智最初是設(shè)計(jì)工具來解決困難危險(xiǎn)的工作。A項(xiàng)“使用機(jī)器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說”，第一段最后一句Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.（如果科學(xué)家們還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)在機(jī)械上創(chuàng)造科幻小說，那么他們也已經(jīng)很接近這個目標(biāo)了）可以知道，機(jī)器創(chuàng)造小說還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以不選；B項(xiàng)“機(jī)器在制造業(yè)中的廣泛使用”，這屬于人類的聰明才智，但不是最初的，不符合題意所以不選；D項(xiàng)“精英們巧妙地處理危險(xiǎn)而無聊的工作”，“精英”一詞沒有在文中提及，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“發(fā)明用于困難和危險(xiǎn)工作的工具”符合題意，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段第一行的詞語gizmos最有可能是什么意思？”A選項(xiàng)“課程、規(guī)劃”，B選項(xiàng)“專家”，C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”，D選項(xiàng)“生物”?？吹降诙蔚谝恍衪hemodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.（現(xiàn)代世界越來越多地充斥著智能的裝置，我們幾乎注意不到它們的存在，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了大量人類勞動），推斷gizmos是一種節(jié)省人類勞動力的裝置；另外后面描述到了工廠的機(jī)械臂，銀行自助柜臺，列車上的機(jī)器人司機(jī)等為人類節(jié)省了大量的勞動力。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“設(shè)計(jì)出一個什么機(jī)器人能……現(xiàn)在是超出人類能力范圍？”。第三段最后一句DaveLavery說wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld（我們現(xiàn)在還沒法設(shè)計(jì)出能有足夠的常識去應(yīng)付一個動態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人）可知，D項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立應(yīng)對變化的世界”正確。A項(xiàng)“完成精細(xì)的任務(wù)，如進(jìn)行腦部手術(shù)”在第二段提到過，人類為了節(jié)省勞動力制造出很多智能設(shè)備，因此此項(xiàng)不選；B項(xiàng)“用言語與人類互動”這一項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到，因此不選；C項(xiàng)“有一點(diǎn)常識”干擾項(xiàng)，人類制造具有足夠常識的機(jī)器人目的是為了應(yīng)對多變的世界，有一點(diǎn)常識不是人類制造該機(jī)器人的目的，所以不選。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“除了節(jié)省勞動力以外，機(jī)器人還可以……”。第三段第二句DaveLavery說whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror（我們知道如何告訴機(jī)器人去處理一個特定的錯誤），以及第五段第二句提到theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.（他們已經(jīng)制造出在可控的工廠環(huán)境中能以不到一毫米的精確度識別機(jī)器面板上的誤差的機(jī)器人），由此可知機(jī)器人除了節(jié)省勞動力以外還可以處理一些錯誤。A項(xiàng)“自己做決定”，第三段第一句提到Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewith…tomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge（但是如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的下一個階段，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要能夠自己做出至少幾個決定——這些目標(biāo)引發(fā)真正的挑戰(zhàn)）可知，讓機(jī)器人自己做決定還只是一個挑戰(zhàn)，并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以此項(xiàng)錯誤；C項(xiàng)“改善工廠環(huán)境”，文中沒有提到機(jī)器人可以改善環(huán)境，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)人類創(chuàng)造力”文中也沒提到。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者使用猴子的例子來論證機(jī)器人是……”。最后一段第一句提到thehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated（人類大腦中大約1000億個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞比之前想象的更有天賦，人類的感知也比之前想象的更復(fù)雜）可知，機(jī)器人與人類大腦相比，機(jī)器人的智能和感知能力還相差甚遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)槿祟惪梢栽谒查g識別出猴子的面孔而機(jī)器人做不到。A項(xiàng)“有望復(fù)制人類大腦的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”，最后一句提到ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability（地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)都無法達(dá)到這種能力）可知機(jī)器人要做到復(fù)制人類大腦還做不到，此項(xiàng)錯誤；B項(xiàng)“能夠立即感知到異常情況”，最后一段作者用猴子的例子是來證明人類大腦的感知能力比機(jī)器人更快，因此此項(xiàng)不選；D項(xiàng)“最好在受控環(huán)境中使用”，文中只是提到機(jī)器人可以在可控的環(huán)境中識別出精確的誤差，沒有建議在受控環(huán)境中使用，所以此項(xiàng)不選。故該題C項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thedamagetomycarwas____intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.ignorant

C.ambiguous

D.negligible

【答案】D

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.insufficient不充分的；不足的；不夠重要的B.ignorant（對某事物）不了解的；無知的

C.ambiguous模棱兩可的；含混不清的D.negligible微不足道的；不重要的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞……，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。根據(jù)邏輯，由后半句即使在今天我仍然心有余悸可以推斷，在這次事故中汽車的損壞是很小的，但是我一直很害怕。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞微不足道，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。

5.填空題

A:I’veprintedoutthereportbutIdon’thave（1）toputitin.Doyou（2）anychancehaveaclearplasticfolderthatIcould（3）?

B:How（4）thisone?It’sthekindthatIalwaysputreportsin.

A:Thanks!Thiswill（5）verywell.

【答案】1.folder

2.by

3.use

4.about

5.be

【解析】1.語義題。folder表示用來裝報(bào)告的“文件夾”。

2.固定搭配。bychance碰巧,偶然。

3.語義題。句意:你有我能用的透明塑料文件夾嗎?

4.常用語。Howabout你認(rèn)為……怎么樣。

5.語法題。空格位于助動詞will和形容詞well之間,因此空格應(yīng)填be動詞be。

6.單選題

WouldyoumindifI___youafewquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amasking

B.willask

C.asked

D.shouldask

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：你介意我問你幾個問題嗎？根據(jù)句意可知是提出現(xiàn)在的條件，則主句：主語＋would/should/might/could＋動詞原形，從句：動詞過去式。C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

UnderOregon’sDeathwithDignityAct,whichcameintoforcein1997,physician-assistedsuicidehasaccountedforbetween0.06and0.14percentoftotaldeaths,orsomewherearound40peryear.TheestimatefordeathsinBritain,（

）,is650.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldtheproposedlegislationbecomelaw

B.aslongastheproposedlegislationbecamelaw

C.soonaftertheproposedlegislationbecomeslaw

D.theproposedlegislationshouldbecomelaw

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由空格句中的詞estimate可知這一立法建議目前在英國尚未被采納，因此是虛擬。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中謂語動詞部分含有助動詞should時，可省略if并把should前置，形成倒裝。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Aroundtwominutesafterlaunch,theboostersoneithersideoftheshuttlewillfallaway,followedshortlyafterwardsbythegiantexternalfueltank______tothespaceship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clasped

B.strapped

C.hindered

D.clustered

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.clasped握緊；扣緊B.strapped用帶子系（或捆、扎、扣）好

C.hindered阻礙；妨礙D.clustered群聚；聚集

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thegiantexternalfueltank（巨大外部燃料箱）和spaceship（飛船），結(jié)合常識可知，燃料箱是緊緊固定在飛船上的，故空格處表示“固定”符合句意，B項(xiàng)詞義符合該意思，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】發(fā)射大約兩分鐘后，航天飛機(jī)兩側(cè)的助推器將脫落，緊隨其后的是固定在飛船上的巨大外部燃料箱。

9.單選題

Throughouttheages,（）acommonobservation（）certaindiseasesareassociatedwithparticularemotionsandattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it’s...that

B.it’swhich

C.it’sbeen...that

D.it’sbeen...which

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子意思，可知空格應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示從古至今，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又根據(jù)特殊句型，it充當(dāng)了形式主語，所以that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，that無實(shí)義，只起引導(dǎo)和連接作用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.翻譯題

過去，人們并沒有充分認(rèn)識到污染給環(huán)境造成的影響。只是把它看成一種會熏黑房屋，弄臟河流的令人討厭的東西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

11.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯誤時，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

InWesternhistory,workwasnotonlyausefulactivity,but（）whichcarriedwithitaprofoundsatisfaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theone

B.one

C.activity

D.work

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞theone，something等時，不能用引導(dǎo)詞which而應(yīng)該用that，所以A選項(xiàng)可首先排除；填空處應(yīng)填入代詞來指代前面提到的work，所以選項(xiàng)B正確；填入D選項(xiàng)重復(fù)，所以不正確。句意：在西方歷史上，工作不僅是一種有用的活動，而且還帶來了一種深深的滿足感。本題選擇B選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.China'stradestructureisstilllaggingbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.

B.China'sexportgoodsarenotascompetitiveasJapan's.

C.WithoutforeignhelpandadvancedtechnologyChinacannotproducemostofitsproducts.

D.Chinaisstillfacedwiththeproblemsofbackwardtradestructure,low-techandlabor-intensiveproducts.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Productslabeled"madeinChina"arehigh-techproductswhilethelatterarenot.

B.WhetherChinaisthemanufactureroftheoriginalpartofproductsandsellsthoseproductswithChinesebrandnames.

C.WhetherChinesecompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigncompanies.

D.WhetherChinesecompaniesaredependentonforeignpartners.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Japandoesn'texportlower-endproducts.

B.Japanisthe'factoryoftheworld".

C.Japan'smajorexportitemsarehigh-techproductsandcompetitiveinbusinessmanagement.

D.Japandoesn'tputstressonprocessinggoods.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.furnishingaids

B.asumofmoney

C.assistants

D.affiliates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Chinaisn'taDevelopedCountry.

B.So-called'MadeinChina'Label.

C.JapanWon'tFear'MadeinChina'Label.

D.ChinaWillReplaceJapanastheFactoryofWorld.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段，“Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexports…Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.”，可知二三段總結(jié)了中國工業(yè)發(fā)展的問題，包括勞動密集型產(chǎn)品占比重過高，中國出口仍高度集中于低端產(chǎn)品?？赏茢喑鲋袊匀幻媾R貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)落后、科技含量低、勞動密集型產(chǎn)品等問題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.”，可知“中國制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，這反映出中國對加工貿(mào)易的重視。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".”，可知產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)不在中國?？赏茢喑鲋袊圃旌椭袊鴦?chuàng)造的區(qū)別在于中國是否是原裝產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商，并銷售那些有中國品牌的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.”，可知日本生產(chǎn)高清和高端機(jī)型。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.”，可知中國嚴(yán)重依賴外國合作伙伴，以至于尚未開發(fā)出自己的尖端技術(shù)和國際知名品牌?？赏茢喑鋈毡镜闹饕隹诋a(chǎn)品是高科技產(chǎn)品，在企業(yè)管理方面具有競爭優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.”，可知中國大約一半的出口產(chǎn)品是由外國公司的子公司生產(chǎn)的，必須向這些子公司支付股息、利息、特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)和其他費(fèi)用?？芍猻ubsidiaries意思為子公司。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨題。文章第一段提出中國很快取代日本成為“世界工廠”的觀點(diǎn)，接下里討論了中國工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中面臨的問題，最終得出結(jié)論中國成為高端科技的工業(yè)國還需要更多的時間和努力，所以目前中國可能還不是日本的競爭對手和威脅因素?？赏茢喑鋈毡緹o懼“中國制造”是符合整個文章意思的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

ErnieBanks,thegreatestpower-hittingshortstopofthe20thcenturyandanunconquerableoptimist（）neverdimmedin19seasonswiththeperenniallystumblingChicagoCubs,diedFriday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bywhichgloomydisposition

B.whosesunnydisposition

C.whichsunnydisposition

D.whosegloomydisposition

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。optimist意思是“樂觀主義者”，后接定語從句對其進(jìn)行修飾，從句中是指這個人的陽關(guān)開朗的性格，所以關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。句意：厄尼?班克斯是20世紀(jì)最偉大最具力量的游擊手，并且是一個無敵的樂觀主義者，在周五去世了。他的陽關(guān)開朗的性格在為芝加哥小熊隊(duì)效力的19個賽季并沒有暗淡。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。根據(jù)下句“destroyedfilesincomputers”可推測Melissa是一種計(jì)算機(jī)病毒，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

16.翻譯題

Itisalmostacommonplacethatsuccessfulforeignpolicymustgrowoutofdomesticpoliticalconsensus.CertainlythisistrueintheUnitedStateswithrespecttoenvironmentalissues,wherevirtuallyeverysuccessfulinternationalregimehashaditsrootsinU.S.domesticlaw.ThemostspectacularsuccesstheMontrealozoneagreementgrewoutoftheU.S.regulationofchlorofluorocarbons,thechiefculpritinthedestructionoftheozonelayer,beginningwithabanonaerosolspraycansinthelate1970s.Otherrelativelysuccessfulinternationalregimesforexampletolimitoilpollutionfromtankers,toregulatetradeinendangeredspecies,andtocontroldangerouspesticidesandchemicalsalsobuiltonU.S.efforts,ratherthanattemptingtoforcetheUnitedStatestochangeitswaysthroughthepressureofaninternationalregime.

Fromthebeginning,however,U.S.climatechangepolicyfollowedadifferentpath,focusingoninternationalratherthandomesticmeasures.

Tosomedegree,thisreflectedtheunderstandablereluctanceofmanygovernmentstotakedomesticactionwithoutanassurancethatotherswouldfollowsuit.Giventheglobalcausesofclimatechange,ifacountryactsalone,itsimplydrivesupitsowncostswithoutmakingameaningfuldentinsolvingtheproblem.Internationalactionisnecessarytomakedomesticclimatepolicieseffective.Toagreaterdegree,however,theinternationalfocusofU.S.climatepolicyreflectedalackofdomesticpoliticalwill.AlthoughpollsconsistentlyindicatethatAmericansareconcernedaboutclimatechange,climatechangehasuntilnowneveremergedasamajorpoliticalissueintheUnitedStates.Comeelectiontime,education,socialsecurityandtaxeshavetakeprecedenceinvoters’minds.Indeed,climatechangeusuallydoesnotevencrackthetopthreeenvironmentalconcernscleanwater,cleanairandurbansprawl.Asaresult,climateactivistshavetendedtoviewtheinternationalarenaasapotentiallymorefavorableforum.TheonlyrealattempttoenactbindingdomesticmeasuresrelatedtoclimatechangeoccurredearlyintheClintonAdministration,whenClintonproposedabroad-basedenergytaxaspartofhisfirsteconomicplan.

AlthoughClintonbilledthetaxprimarilyasarevenueratherthanaclimatechangemeasureandmadeitapplicabletoallenergysources,notjustthosethatproducegreenhousegases,thetaxwouldhavediscouragedgreenhouseemissionsbyraisingenergypricesandsomeclimatechangeactivistssawitinthatlight.Inpart,thefocusontheinternationalnegotiationswasdrivenbytheinexorablemomentumoftheinternationalclimateagendaitself,withmajormeetingspracticallyeveryyear,whichkeptclimatechangeonthefrontburner.Ironically,theseregularmeetingswhichareusuallyseenasameansofkeepingpressureonstatestoacthelpedgiveClintonacomparativelyeasywayoutpolitically.AstherepresentativeoftheUnitedStatesininternationalaffairs,theadministrationcouldtemporarilysatisfyitsenvironmentalconstituencybyacceptingstrongnationalpolicies,withouthavingtoundertaketheextremelydifficultpoliticalworkofconvincingaconservativeCongresstoenactdomesticlegislationtoreduceemissions.

Ofcourse,thisapproachcouldnotworkindefinitely,sinceinternationalpoliciestocombatglobalwarmingeventuallyrequiredomesticimplementation.Butgiventhecomplexityandseeminglynever-endingcharacterofthenegotiations,theinternationalapproachwasabletobuyconsiderabletimeforanadministrationreluctanttoexpendsignificantpoliticalcapitalathometocombatclimatechange.

Indoingso,administrationofficialscouldcomfortthemselveswiththeargumentthattheyweremakingprogressintheonlywaypossible,byputtinginplaceaninternationalsystemthatwouldbereadytousewhenAmericabecameseriousaboutclimatechange.

【答案】當(dāng)然，美國在環(huán)境問題上也是如此，幾乎每一個成功的國際制度都植根于美國的國內(nèi)法。

在某種程度上，這反映出許多國家政府在不確定其他國家是否會效仿的情況下，不愿意采取國內(nèi)行動，這是可以理解的。考慮到全球氣候變化的原因，如果一個國家單獨(dú)行動，只會導(dǎo)致成本增加，而不會取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。

在選舉期間，選民會優(yōu)先考慮到教育、社會保障和稅收。

盡管克林頓將該稅主要宣傳為一項(xiàng)稅收，而不是一項(xiàng)氣候變化措施，并使其適用于所有能源，而不僅僅對于溫室氣體，但是本可以通過提高能源價(jià)格使稅收抑制溫室氣體排放，而一些氣候變化積極參與者正是從這個角度看問題的。

在某種程度上，對國際談判的關(guān)注是由國際氣候日常工作本身不可阻擋的勢頭所趨使的，幾乎每年都會召開大型會議，這使氣候變化問題處于首要地位。

當(dāng)然，這種方法不可能無限地發(fā)揮作用，因?yàn)閷谷蜃兣膰H政策最終需要國內(nèi)采取一些措施。

這樣一來，政策實(shí)施人員就可以安慰自己，說道他們正在以唯一可能的方式-建立一個國際體系的方法取得進(jìn)展。一旦美國開始嚴(yán)肅對待氣候變化問題時，就可以隨時使用這個體系。

17.單選題

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)measure表示“測量，措施，程度”，B選項(xiàng)threshold表示“入口，門檻，開始”，C選項(xiàng)permit表示“許可證，執(zhí)照”，D選項(xiàng)statute表示“法規(guī)，法令，條例”。由后文的關(guān)鍵信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中國會簡化外國人在中國投資和創(chuàng)業(yè)的程序，說明中國將會降低外國人來中國的門檻。由此可知，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe（

）,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.event

B.incident

C.case

D.affair

【答案】C

【解析】同義詞辨析題。和上一題一樣，四個詞是近義詞，根據(jù)句意：律師勸他放棄這個案子，因?yàn)樗A的機(jī)會很小。由此可知，這里指的是案件，所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

19.單選題

Thedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,assoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide.Thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anideal.constitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintentisamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety.Science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartorthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivespre