大豆食用油加工主要工藝中英文

2、各車間工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述Briefexplanationofprocessdiagramqfeachplant總工藝流程圖Chiefprocessflowdiagram大豆^預(yù)處理Soya.Pretreatment料坯浸出粕包裝一成品大豆粕ExtractionofextrudedflakesMealpackingFinished大豆^預(yù)處理Soya.Pretreatment料坯浸出粕包裝一成品大豆粕ExtractionofextrudedflakesMealpackingFinishedproductmeal浸出毛豆油ExtractedcrudeSoyaoil2.2各車間工藝流程圖Eachplant’sprocessflowdiagram油料預(yù)處理車間Pretreatmentplantofoilseed大豆SoyameasuringCleaningRemovingsteelRemovingstoneSofteningV大豆坯片一—冷卻一-烘干軋坯計(jì)量清理除鐵去石一軟化Soya大豆SoyameasuringCleaningRemovingsteelRemovingstoneSofteningV大豆坯片一—冷卻一-烘干軋坯計(jì)量清理除鐵去石一軟化SoyaflakesCoolingDryingFlaking清理cleaning:去除油料中草屑、枝葉等農(nóng)業(yè)雜質(zhì)Removegrass,branches,leavesorotheragricultureimpurityfrommaterial；除鐵removingsteel:去除油料中的鐵質(zhì)雜質(zhì)Removesteelfrommaterial去石removingstone:去除油料中的砂、石Removesandandstoneinthematerial軟化softening:油料升溫和調(diào)節(jié)水分Heatmaterialandadjustmoisturecontent軋坯flaking::壓料成薄片，縮短油路Pressmaterialtoflakestoshortenoilpath烘干Drying:坯片受熱升溫、去水，同時(shí)內(nèi)部組織發(fā)生變化Heatflakestoremovemoisture.Atthesametimeinternalstructureofflakeshasbeenchanged.冷卻：烘干后坯料溫度較高，通過(guò)風(fēng)冷降溫，同時(shí)去除部分水分Temperatureofheatedflakesishigh,coolthembyairandremovemoistureinside.浸出車間Extractionplant

大豆坯SoyaflakesWetmealdesolventisingDrymeal浸出Extraction:用正乙烷對(duì)大豆坯浸泡，萃取其中的油脂，分離出混合油和濕粕ExtractextrudedSoyaflakesbyhexanetogetoilandseparateoilfromwetmeal混合油蒸發(fā)Miscellaevaporation:加熱混合油(含正已烷的油脂)，使其中的正已烷汽化蒸發(fā)Heatmiscella(oilwithhexane)toevaporatehexane汽提Steamstripping:利用直接蒸汽進(jìn)一步蒸發(fā)出油中的正已烷Evaporatehexanefartherbydirectsteam真空干燥Vacuumdrying:在一定溫度和真空的條件下，脫除油中水分。Underspecialconditionsoftemperatureandvacuum,removewateraway.大豆坯SoyaflakesWetmealdesolventisingDrymeal濕粕脫溶Wetmealdesolventizing：采用加熱和蒸烘的方法脫除濕粕中所含的正已烷Byheatingandtoastingwetmealtoremovehexaneinthemeal溶劑冷凝回收Solventcondensingandrecycling:用冷凝和吸收等方法回收蒸發(fā)、汽提、脫溶過(guò)程中所揮發(fā)的溶劑，回收的溶劑再循環(huán)使用Bycondensation,absorptionandotherwaystorecyclehexanevolatizingfromevaporation,steamstrippinganddesolventizingforcirculation系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的含溶尾氣經(jīng)石蠟回收后排放。Hexaneinthetailgasfromextractionsystemwillbeabsorbedfirst,andbeventedlater.大豆粕包裝車間Soyamealpackingplant粕一輸送一-冷卻粉碎機(jī)MealTransportationCoolingCyclone-除塵器定量包裝MealbreakingQuantifying粕一輸送一-冷卻粉碎機(jī)MealTransportationCoolingCyclone-除塵器定量包裝MealbreakingQuantifyingandpackingBlowerVent風(fēng)機(jī)I排空Productmeal輸送Transportation::粕從浸出車間輸送到粕冷卻車間Transportmealfromextractionplanttomealcoolingplant冷卻：粕進(jìn)入冷粕機(jī)再一次得到冷卻，以便保證貯藏質(zhì)量。粉碎Mealbreaking:利用粉碎機(jī)粉碎大豆粕，以便貯藏包裝BreakSoyamealbybreakerforconvenientpackingandstorage定量包裝Quantifyingandpacking:按50kg/包~80kg/包自動(dòng)打包Automaticallypackmealas50kgperbag~80kgperbag除塵Dustremoving:設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)氣流帶走一些粕粉，利用除塵器進(jìn)行捕集Aircomingfrommachinescarrieslotsofmealpowder,andcollectthembycloneOurindustryprocessesdifferentkindsofoleaginousseeds,beans,fruitsandnutsfortheproductionofvegetableoils—mainlyforhumanconsumptionbutalsoforanimalfeedingandfortechnicalpurposes—andfortheproductionofoilseedmealswhichareusedasproteinrichfeedingstuffs.Usuallycrushingplantshaveintegratedrefiningfacilitiesthatproducefattyproductswhichcanbeintendedforfood,feedortechnicalusages.Theflowchartsherebelowillustratethevariousstepsoftheoilseedsprocessingfortheproductionofmeals,crudeandrefinedoils.Beneath,themainindividualprocessingstepsaredescribedinfurtherdetail.OilseedscrushingCleaning,DryingandPreparationoftheseeds/beansAsafirststeptheseed/beaniscleanedanddried.Foreignmaterial(likestones,glassandmetal)istakenoutbysievingandmagnetsanddisposedofoutsidethefeedchain.Dryingisperformedbyavoidingcontactwithcombustiongassesunlessnaturalgasisused.Thepreparationoftheseedsbeforeanextractionstepdependsonthekindofseed/beanandtherequiredqualityofthemeal.Someoilseeds,likesoybeansandsunflowerseed,maybedehulledafterthecleaningstep.Afterdehullingthemealwillhavealowercrudefibrecontent,andhenceahigherproteincontent.Thehullscanalsobeusedforfeedingpurposes,assuchorinpelletizedform.CrushingandHeatingInthepast,crushingwasdonebetweenmillstonesthatlaterbecamesteelrolls.Hencethefactoriesareknownasoilmillsandtheprocessasoilmillingoroilcrushing.Seedswithahighoilcontent,likerapeseedandsunflowerseed,areusuallymechanicallypressedinexpellersafterapreheatingstepinindirectlyheatedconditioners.Theexpellercake(orpressedcake)willthenbefurthertreatedintheextractor,sinceitmightstillcontentfrom4to8oreven10percentofoil.Althoughinsomecasestheexpellercakeisnotfurtherextractedbutafterdeepexpellingsoldassuchforfeedpurposes.Theexpellerworksasfollows:theoilbearingmaterialisfedintooneendofacylinderwithinwhichapower-drivenwormconveyorforcesthematerialtotheotherendofthecylinderandoutagainstresistance.Thepressureexertedintheprocesssqueezesouttheoil.Soybeans,witharelativelylowoilcontent,arethermallytreated,mechanicallycrushedandusedasrawmaterial/flakesforfurtherextraction.Sometimestherawmaterialispressedwithoutheating;suchoilsareknownascold-pressedoils.Sincecoldpressingdoesnotextractalltheoil,itispracticedonlyintheproductionofafewspecialedibleoils,i.e.oliveoil.DegummingCrudeoilshavingrelativelyhighlevelsofphosphatides(e.g.,soybeanoil)maybedegummedpriortorefiningtoremovethemajorityofthosephospholipidcompounds.Duringthedegummingprocessthecrudeoilistreatedwithalimitedamountofwaterinordertohydratethephosphatidesandthenseparatethembycentrifugation.Afterthedegummingprocess,thecrudeoilisdried.Soybeanoilisthemostcommonoiltobedegummed;thephospholipidsareoftenrecoveredandfurtherprocessedtoyieldavarietyoflecithinproducts.PressedcrudeoilTheresultingpressedcrudeoilcanbeconsumedassuchorbefurtherrefined.SolventextractionSolventextractionisusedtoseparateoilfromseeds/beanswiththeprincipleistoemployavolatileliquidinwhichtheoilisfreelysoluble.Thecommonsolventusedbycrushersishexane*.Thepre-processedseeds/beansaretreatedinamultistagecounter-currentprocesswithsolventuntiltheremainingoilcontentisreducedtothelowestpossiblelevel.*‘Hexane’inaccordancewithCouncilDirective88/344/EEConextractionsolventsusedintheproductionoffoodstuffsandfoodingredients.RemovingofsolventbydistillationThemiscella,amixtureofoilandsolvent,isseparatedbydistillationintotwocomponents,oilandsolvent.Thesolventisrecycledintotheextractionprocess.ExtractedcrudeoilCrudeoilsobtainedbypressingand/orextractionaresometimesuseddirectlyforfoodandfeedpurposes.Inmostcases,however,thecrudeoilsarerefinedinamultistageprocess.Crudeoilsmightcontainsubstancesandtracecomponents,whichareundesirablefortaste,stability,appearance,andodourormayinterferewithfurtherprocessing.Thesesubstancesandtracecomponentsincludeseedparticles,impurities,phosphatides,carbohydrates,proteins,andtracesofmetals,pigments,waxes,oxidationproductsoffattyacids,polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsandpesticideresidues.Internalspecificationsdevelopedbytheoilsandfatssectorstipulatethatcrudeoilsshouldmeetcertainqualityrequirements.Infact,thisisakeystepinensuringthatwhenrefiningisappliedtothisrawmaterial,thefullyrefinedoilissuitableforhumanconsumption.DesolventingandToastingThehexane-containingmealistreatedinthedesolventisingtoasterwiththehelpofindirectheatingandsteam.Thedesolventisingtoastingprocessservest