課件第三章詞語選擇

時(shí)尚英語詞匯?山寨異地戀剩女?婚百搭限時(shí)搶購(gòu)水貨microblogCopycatlong-distancerelationship3S

lady（single，seventies,

stuck）/leftgirlscougar（CougarClub）naked

weddingall-matchflashsalesmuggledgoods團(tuán)購(gòu)發(fā)燒友骨感卡奴?亞健康伴侶臉精神出軌搜索鉆石groupbuyingFancierboney

beautycard

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bachelor學(xué)歷散伙飯具有時(shí)效性的錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線經(jīng)適房家庭主男臉，吃軟飯的?另類菜鳥奔fabricate

academiccredentialsfarewell

dinnertime-efficientadmission

scoresaffordable

housinghouse-husbandkept

mankept

womanoffbeatrookiestreaking第三章詞語的選擇語言的形式與意義之間的關(guān)系可粗略劃分成以下三種：F1→M1;

F1→Mx;

Fx→M1（F代表形式，

M代表意義，x＞1）明辨詞義不僅是翻譯的起點(diǎn)，而且也是翻譯的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。用詞錯(cuò)誤往往會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子、乃至整篇文章的意思，正所謂“差之毫厘，謬以千里?！監(jiān)perate：He

took

the

machine

to

pieces

to

try

andfind

out

how

it

operated.他把機(jī)器拆開，想看看機(jī)器怎么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。If

there’s

an

electrical

failure,

it’s

possible

tooperate

the

lift

manually.如果停電，可以由人力開動(dòng)電梯。Changes

are

being

introduced

to

make

thedepartment

operate

more

efficiently.正在進(jìn)行，以提高部門的工作效率。Specially

equipped

troops

areoperatingundercover

activities

in

thehills.專門

在山上進(jìn)行

訓(xùn)練。We

have

representatives

operating

in

mostcountries.在許多國(guó)家都有

開展業(yè)務(wù)。Exchange

rates

are

currently

operating

tothe

advantage

of

exports.目前的匯率走勢(shì)對(duì)出口有利。Destructive

forces

are

clearly

operatingwithin

the

community.顯然社區(qū)中有破壞

在活動(dòng)。發(fā)展是硬道理。Development

is

the

absolute

/

cardinal/primary

principle.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)在我國(guó)已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出廣闊的發(fā)展前景。The

holiday

economy

promisesremarkable

growth.The

holiday

economy

holds

great

promiseof

growth.The

holiday

economy

has

remarkablepotential

f

rowth.The

holiday

economy

has

the

prospect

ofremarkable

growth.英譯漢中常用的確定詞義段一、根據(jù)詞語搭配和上下文選擇詞義– He

reached

his

hand

out

for

the

book

I

offered

him.他伸出手來接我給他的書。– We

tried

to

reach

them

by

cable.試著用電報(bào)跟他們聯(lián)絡(luò)。?– She

reached

up

and

pickedar

off

abranch.?她抬起手從一根枝上摘下一只梨。– The

speaker's

voice

couldn't

reach

to

the

back

ofthe

auditorium.?禮堂后排聽不到人

。–The

insecticide

was

put

out

of

the

child's

reach.?殺蟲劑放在孩子夠不著的地方。– The

upper

reaches

of

Minjiang

River

serves

asecological

barriers

of

Sichuan

Province

and

even

thewest

ofChina.岷江上游是 省乃至我國(guó)西南重要的生態(tài)屏障We

had

a

grand

viewofa

sea

of

clouds

when

weclimbed

to

the

top

of

the

mountain.當(dāng)

爬上了山巔時(shí)，看到了云海的壯觀景象。We

must

do

away

with

the

grandiose

style

ofwork.須擯棄浮夸的工作作風(fēng)。It

is

indeed

the

most

magnificent

drawing-roomI

have

ever

seen.那的確是我所見到的最豪華的客廳。The

buildings

around

the

Circus

are

rathernondescript,

though

some

of

them

are

largeand

quite

imposing.廣場(chǎng)周圍的建筑物并不起眼，不過其中有一些還比較高大、宏偉。Whenever

the

sta y

national

anthem

isperformed,

I

am

invariably

emotionallyroused.每當(dāng)奏起莊嚴(yán)的國(guó)歌時(shí)，我 感情上受到激發(fā)。1.集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去go

all

out

for

economic

development2.堅(jiān)持persist,不搞對(duì)抗logue,

refrain

from不搞勞民傷財(cái)?shù)摹靶蜗蠊こ獭眗efrain

from

building

“vanity

projects

”thatwaste

both

money

and

manpower對(duì)內(nèi)搞活，對(duì)外開放revitalize

domestic

economy,

open

up

tothe

outside

world5.spoof搞花架子do

something

superficial搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè)invigora arge

and

medium-sized

state-owned

enterprises更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控pay

more

attention

to

exercising

macro-control開放搞活open

up

andenliven

theeconomy靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè)increase

the

deficit

tospend

more

ondevelopment11）With

theinvention

of

writing,

a

greatadvance

was

made,

for

knowledge

couldthen

be

not

only

communicated

but

alsostored,libraries

made

education

possible,and

education

in

its

turnadded

tolibraries.譯文：由于文字的發(fā)明，人類取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)知識(shí)不僅可以交流，而且可以 。圖書為開展教育活動(dòng)提供了可能性，而教育又反過來增加了 的數(shù)量和內(nèi)容。develop=發(fā)展?His

plane

developed

engine

trouble

onlyseven aftertake-off.他的飛機(jī)起飛后只飛行了七英里就發(fā)生了機(jī)械故障。Modern

aircraft

are

so

heavy

that

the

wingsmust

develop

a

very

large

life

force

in

orderto

sustain

the

aircraft.現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)很重，機(jī)翼必須產(chǎn)生很大的升力才能保持飛機(jī)在空中飛行。Most

of

the

money

came

from

selling

thesecret

of

a

new

type

of

potato

hehaddeveloped.大部分錢是靠出售他培育土豆新品種的秘方得來的。As

early

as

his

second

film,

Chaplin

haddeveloped

his

own

manner

of

acting,

theonethat

was

to e

world

famous.早在

演第二部

時(shí)，他就已形成了自己的表演風(fēng)格，這就是他后來聞名于世的那種表演風(fēng)格。It

is

believed

thatbefore

writing

wasdeveloped,

people

in

China

used

tokeeprecords

byputting

a

number

of

stonestogether.人們認(rèn)為，在出現(xiàn)書寫之前，

常把石頭放在一起來記事。Some

married

people

who

are

not

satisfiedwith

their

family

may

resort

to

the

internetto

develop

an

extramarital

affair.一些對(duì)家庭不滿意的已婚男女也會(huì)借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)去搞戀。Photographers

return

andthe

photos

arequickly

developed.攝影 回來了，很快把

沖洗好了。In

develo a

design,

the

engineer

mustapply

his

knowledge

of

engineering

andmaterial

science.在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，工程師必須應(yīng)用自己在工程學(xué)和材料學(xué)方面的知識(shí)。While

people

in

other

countries

in

theworld

were

trying

to

catch

wildanimals

and birds

and

were

stillcollecting

seeds

and

nuts,

farmers

inChina

were

develo the

science

ofagriculture.當(dāng)世界上其他國(guó)家還在捕獵飛禽走獸、采集堅(jiān)果的時(shí)候，就已經(jīng)在從事農(nóng)業(yè)科技研究了。二、根據(jù)詞語搭配和上下文變通詞義段詞義引申詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化詞義的具體化詞義的抽象化1、詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化The

factors

which

are

likely

toinfluenceinvestment

spending

do

not

stop

here.譯：可能影響投資開支的因素并不止這些。Whether

you

like

it

or

not,

globalization

is

hereto

stay.

We

are

not

goingto

reverse

the

trend.譯：不管你對(duì)它的態(tài)度如何，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已成為 生活的一部分，這個(gè)趨勢(shì)

。Our

products,

if

maintained

properlyandregularly,

can

at

least

see

twenty

years’

service.譯： 的產(chǎn)品如果適當(dāng)?shù)囟ㄆ跈z修，至少可以使用20年。4）That’s

a

tall

story

about

the

town’shigh

street.譯:

有關(guān)這城主街的說法是在令人難以置信。2、詞義的具體化There

is

more

to

their

life

thanpolitical

andsocial

and

economic

problem,

more

thantransient

everydayness.他們的生活遠(yuǎn)不止那些政治的、社會(huì)的和經(jīng)濟(jì)的問題，遠(yuǎn)不止一時(shí)的柴米油鹽問題。The

factoryis

famous

for

its

arsenal

of

technicalgeniuses.這家工廠以擁有眾多技術(shù)精英而著稱。Our

unique

concept

was

a

response

tobuyerneeds,

bringing

greater

reliability,

higher-quality

output,exceptional

user-friendlinessand

operational

ease.唯一的信念就是要適應(yīng) 者的需要，生產(chǎn)更可靠的、質(zhì)量更高的產(chǎn)品，讓使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。Dobbin

hadbeen

in

the

coffee-room

for

an

houror

more

Hehad

tried

all

the

p

rs

but

could

notreadthem．在咖啡室少說也待了一個(gè)鐘頭。他翻遍了所有的報(bào)紙，可什么也沒看進(jìn)去It

isall

very

well,

again,to

have

atiger

in

the,

but

to

have

one

in

thedriver's

seat

isanother

matter

altogether.當(dāng)然油箱里裝滿優(yōu)質(zhì)

倒是好事，但是駕駛室里要是坐著橫沖直撞的 就完全是另一回事了。I

want

to

be

TV’s

Czar

of

scriptand

grammar．想成為電視這一行的霸主，所有 我說了算。3、詞義的抽象化The

interest

rates

have

see-sawed

between

10and

15

percent.利率一直在10％到15％之間不斷波動(dòng)。Brain

drain

has

been

Kangding’s

No.1

concern;as

a

matter

of

fact,

it

has

been

an

epidemic

inthisarea.人才外流一直是康定的頭號(hào)問題，實(shí)際上，它已經(jīng)成為那一地區(qū)帶普遍性的嚴(yán)峻問題。There

is

amixture

of

the

tiger

and

the

inthe

character

of

the

imperialists.主義者的性格既

，又狡猾。Every

life

has

its

roses

and

thorns.每個(gè)人的生活都有甜和苦。5）Tonyis

only

nineteen

and

the

baby

of

ourcrew.只有十九歲，是 機(jī)組里的小字輩。He

had

lived

all

his

life

in

desert

whereevery

cupful

of

water

might

be

a

matter

oflife

and

death.他一直在沙漠上生活，這地方每一杯水都得精打細(xì)算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸關(guān)的事。Instead，an

assassin’s

bullet

erased

inthe

minds

of

Americans

any

faultshehad．事實(shí)正好相反，一個(gè)刺客的

行徑反而使人忘卻了他所有的毛病。詞義的褒貶：He

was

a

man

ofhigh

renown

(fame).他是位有名望的人。（褒）The

adoption

of

new

policieswill

surely

leadtosome

striking

results.采取各項(xiàng)新政策必將帶來顯著成果。There

would

have

been

more

painful

result

butfor

the

drastic

measures.若不是采取了嚴(yán)厲措施，那將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的更痛苦的

。As

a

demanding

boss,

he

expected

totalloyaltyand

dedication

from

his

employees.他是個(gè)苛刻的

，要求手下的人對(duì)他忠心耿耿，鞠躬盡瘁。（貶）5）The

popularity

of evisionand

the

difficulty

offinancing

plays

have

helped

to

close

manytheatres.

But

now

it

seems

the

theatre

isaboutto

pick

up

again

after電視普及，加上戲劇籌資riod

ofdecline.，許多劇院被迫關(guān)門。然而經(jīng)過一端時(shí)間的

后，現(xiàn)在劇院似乎又將從新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。6) Those

who

do

not

remember

the

past

arecondemned

to

relive

it.凡是忘掉過去的人注定要重蹈

。（貶）7）"He

was

polite

and

always

gave

advice

willingly,"sherecalled.她回憶說，“他彬彬有禮，總是誨人不倦?！保òh譯英中常用的確定詞義段一、詞語的選擇1.

集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去go

all

outfor

economic

development2.堅(jiān)持persist,不搞對(duì)抗logue,

refrain

from不搞勞民傷財(cái)?shù)摹靶蜗蠊こ獭眗efrain

from

building

“vanity

projects

”thatwaste

both

money

and

manpower對(duì)內(nèi)搞活，對(duì)外開放revitalize

domestic

economy,

open

uptothe

outside

world5.spoof搞花架子do

something

superficial搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè)invigora arge

and

medium-sized

state-owned

enterprises更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控pay

more

attention

to

exercising

macro-control開放搞活open

up

and

enliven

the

economy靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè)increase

the

deficit

tospend

more

ondevelopment11、假日外出旅游，成為國(guó)人最風(fēng)行的。Traveling

on

holidays

has e

anactivity

popular

with

Chinese

people.Traveling

on

holidays

is

most

popularwith

Chinese

people.12、企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著改善。The

economic

performance

of

enterprisesimproved

markedly.13、生產(chǎn)生活條件明顯改善。

Production

and

living

conditions

haveremarkably

improved.14、中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，人才市場(chǎng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的潮流。There

will

be

newtrends

in

thenel

market

after

China’s

entryinto

the

WTO.15、大力加強(qiáng)

精神文明建設(shè)。We

should

vigorously

promote

socialistcultural

and

ethic

progress.二、詞語的搭配16、電腦的普及為網(wǎng)絡(luò)走進(jìn)千家萬戶創(chuàng)造了條件。The

popularization

of

computer

haspaved

theway

for

Interne try

into

average

families.The

popularization

of

computer

has

made

itpossible

for

theInternet

toenter

into

averagefamilies.The

popularization

of

computer

has

createdconditions

for

Interne try

into

averagefamilies.

(x)17、新形勢(shì)、新趨勢(shì)、新技術(shù)，促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)揮，促進(jìn)了各國(guó)之間的合作與交流。The

new

development,trendsand

technologieshave

helped

expand

productive

forces,

givenfull

play

to

creativity,

and

enhance

exchangesand

cooperation

among

countries.18、

要 人民的權(quán)力。We

should

maintain

the

people’s

rights.根據(jù)不同的上下文，“

”有不同的譯法：uphold

unity獨(dú)立主權(quán)

uphold

independence

andsovereignty國(guó)家主權(quán)defend

state

sovereignty人民利益safeguard

the

people’sinterests自尊safeguard

one’sself

respect世界和平與安全

maintain

/safeguardworld

peace

and

security19、積極開展資源回收利用，大力提高資源綜合利用率。We

need

to

increase

our

recycling

ofresources

in

order

to

unutilized

ourresources

more

effectively.20、積極推動(dòng) 在各行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用。We

need

to

extensively

apply

IT

inenterprises

in

all

industries.21、

積極調(diào)整、發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)。We

will

be

working

vigorously/energetically

torestructure

and

developtertiary

industries.22、工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得積極進(jìn)展。Significant

progress

was

made

inindustrial

structural

adjustment.23、東部地區(qū)要積極支持中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展。The

eastern

region

should

activelysupport

the

development

of

thecentral

and

western

regions.24、積極發(fā)展各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)。We

will

energetically

/

makegreat

efforts

to

develop

all

socialundertakings.三、詞語的引申25、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得巨大發(fā)展，終于揚(yáng)眉吐氣了。

Chinese

peoplefeel

proud

and

elated

for

thegreat

economic

development

in

China.26、“五一”假期，火車票十分緊俏，人們提前10天預(yù)訂火車票。Train

tickets

during

the

Labor

Day

holidays

werein

short

supply,

andpeople

flockedto

booktickets

ten

days

in

advance.27、 一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，消除貧困任重道遠(yuǎn)。China

is

a

develo

country,

and

it

has

along

way

to

go

to

shake

off

poverty.China

isa

develo

country,

and

it

is

anarduous

task

to

eradicate

poverty.商人的歡迎，但服裝和紡織28、家用電器和藝術(shù)品很受品卻吃了閉門羹。Electric

appliances

and

handicrafts

are

popularamong

Russian

businessmen,

but

clothes

andtextileproducts

are

given

the

cold

shoulder.29、

應(yīng)該審時(shí)度勢(shì)，順應(yīng)

，走和平

的光明大道。The authorities

should

size

up

thesituation

and

go

with

the

people’s

voice

toget

on

the

right

way

of

peaceful

reunification.30、傳統(tǒng)的人海戰(zhàn)術(shù)在現(xiàn)代化高技術(shù)面前

一擊。Compared

with

modern

high

technology,thetraditional

huge-crowd

strategy

is

notcompetitive

atall.三、詞義選擇的常見錯(cuò)誤（一）望文生義1）

My

shoes

are

theworse

for

wear.誤：正：皮鞋更加不好穿了。皮鞋穿破了。She

has

been

awidow

only

six

months.誤：她只做了六個(gè)月的寡婦。正：

丈夫死了至今不過半年。我十點(diǎn)鐘等你。誤：I’ll

wait

for

you

at

ten

o’clock.正：I’ll

expect

you

at

ten

o’clock.（二）

詞性4）Active

metals, anic

substances,and

other

oxidizable

materials

arealways

subject

to

slow

attack

byoxygen

when

exposed

to

the

air.誤：活潑金屬，有機(jī)物和其它可氧化的物質(zhì)，當(dāng)

在空氣中時(shí)，總是氧緩慢進(jìn)攻的對(duì)象。正：活