上海市黃浦區(qū)屆高三英語一模

黃浦區(qū)2018學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量試卷高三英語（滿分140分，完卷時(shí)間120分鐘）.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?Ifyousay___21___toiletseat,Kitchenspongestopthelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontaingermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevicesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthem.

you’rewrong.around10timesasmanyInoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephone’sownerreportedthetheftbefore___22___（die）fromthedisease.Soon,thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally___23___confess）tothecrime.___24___inthatunusualcaseacellphonecarrieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?“That'sallyou,”saysmicrobialecologistJarradHampton-Marcell.“That’sbiologicalinformation.”Itturnsoutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphoneortabletaredifferentfrom___25___ofyourfriendsandfamily.They’relikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethesemicrobialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.Ina2017study,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participants’homes,___26___countertopsandfloorstocomputerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan___27___（early）study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicrobialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho___28___（use）acomputerkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow___29___peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.measurement

B.similar

C.remarkably

D.monetary

E.astronomy

F.alteredG.civilization

H.defined

I.independence

J.invariably

K.dominatedTheNileTheancientGreekwriterHerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-as‘thegiftoftheNile

’.TheEgyptiansdependontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous

___31___.Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwasleftbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthepeakoftheflood.Anearlysystemof___33___aNilometer,wasusedtodeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver--___34___tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta(n)___35___systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingbacktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandanimals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso___36___advanced:surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊腫）.Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto___37___theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.Bythe16thcenturyEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon___38___fromBritainafterWorldWarⅡ.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,__________thecountryasacenterforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971___40___theecologyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountry’srapidlygrowingpopulation,currentlymorethan76million-thelargestintheArabworld..ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCitiesWatercovers71%ofEarth’ssurfaceyetonly2%ofit

is

accessible

asasource

of

fresh

water.

___41___onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho___42___water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris___43___foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits___44___.Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas.___45___forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,___46___tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,___47___,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfacedthe___48___ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%full—inthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas___49___thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,frombillionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan600millionlitres,andworking___50___withindustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.___51___,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing___52___waterforgardens,watermanagementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia___53___tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have___54___.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The___55___ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.41.A.ImpactB.PressureC.ImpressionD.Observation42.A.recycleB.wasteC.consumeD.apply43.A.restoredB.abstractedC.separatedD.preserved44.A.changeB.sourceC.originD.volume45.A.CompetitionB.ProtectionC.ConstructionD.Regulation46.A.contributingB.regardingC.respondingD.referring47.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.onthecontraryD.asaresult48.A.prospectB.illustrationC.symptomD.security49.A.reportedB.presentedC.predictedD.explained50.A.respectivelyB.increasinglyC.restrictivelyD.extensively51.A.BycomparisonB.InotherwordsC.TooursurpriseD.What’smore52.A.feasibleB.drinkableC.inevitableD.influential53.A.campaignB.statementC.presentationD.advertisement54.A.invadedB.liberatedC.sufferedD.proceeded55.A.changeB.theoryC.recordD.threatSectionB(A)Despiteanadvertisementcampaignsuggestingwall-to-wallspecialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithia”isgroundedinrealityfarmorethaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePaterson’saward-winningnovel,thescreenwritersDavidPatersonandJeffStockwellhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren.JessAarons(JoshHutcherson)isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparentsandatalentfordrawing.Anintroverted(內(nèi)向的)kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie(AnnaSophiaRobb),afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;togethertheycreateanimaginarykingdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree.Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandtheencouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTerabithia”keepsthefantasyinthebackgroundtofindmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupodirectsthis,hisfirstfeature,likesomeoneclosetothepainofbeingdifferent,fascinatedintiny,perfectdetails.Withstrongperformancesfromalltheleads,“BridgetoTerabithia”isabletohandleadulttopicswithsensitivity.Astheemotionallandscapedarkens,thosewhohaven’treadthebookmaybesurprisedatthesorrowthefilmmakerscausewithouteverresortingtohorrororterror.Inotherwords,yourchildrenmaycry,buttheywon’tbetraumatizedsobadly.Consistentlysmartanddelicateasaspiderweb,“BridgetoTerabithia”isthekindofchildren’smovierarelyseennowadays.Atatimewhenmanypublicschoolsarebeingforcedtocutmusicandartfromthecurriculum,thestory’sinsistenceonthehealingpowerofacultivatedimaginationisbothwelcomeandessential.ThesecondparagraphindicatesthatJessandLeslie________.losttheircontrolovertheimaginarykingdomlookeddownontheirindividualrealitiesformedagoodfriendshipdespitetheirdifferenttalentswroteabookaboutamagicallandcalledTerabithia57.Whichofthefollowingwordsismostlikelytoreplace“traumatized”(paragraph4)?A.criticizedB.ignoredC.delightedD.shockedThetwochildrenmostlikely________.skippedschooltoplayinthewoodsbehindtheircampuscreatedanimaginaryworldasanescapefromrealitydisappointedtheirparentswiththeirover-activeimaginationswonagainstthebulliesatschoolwithstrongperformancesWhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?Thefantasycomponentsofthemovieweretooover-done.Themovieismotionalbutnotmuchtoodramatic.“BridgetoTerabithia”hasanegativeimpactonpublicschooleducation.Childrenshouldn’twatchthefilmastheyaretooyoungtounderstandthetopics.(B)HotAirBalloonsAhotairballoonismadeupof3mainparts:TheEnvelopeTheactualfabricballoonwhichholdstheairTheBurnerTheunitwhichpushestheheatupintotheenvelopeTheBasketWherethepassengersandpilotstandThebasisofhowtheballoonworksisthatwarmerairrisesincoolerair.Thisisbecausehotairislighterthancoolairasithaslessmassperunitofvolume.Masscanbedefinedbythemeasureofhowmuchmattersomethingcontains.Theactualballoonhastobelargeasittakesalargeamountofheatedairtoliftitofftheground.Theburnerusespropanegastoheatuptheairintheenvelopetomovetheballoonoffthegroundandintotheair.Thepilotmustkeepfiringtheburneratregularintervalsthroughouttheflighttoensurethattheballooncontinuestothestable.Naturally,thehotairwillnotescapefromthehotattheverybottomoftheenvelopasfirstly,hotairrisesandsecondly,thefloatingpowerkeepsitmovingup.Tomovetheballoonupwards,thepilotopensupthepropanevaluewhichletsthepropaneflowtotheburnerwhichinturnfreestheflameupintotheenvelope.Itworksinmuchthesamewayasagasgrill:themoreyouopenthevalve,thebiggertheflametobeattheairandthefastertheballoonrises.The“ParachuteValve”attheverytopoftheballooniswhatisusedtobringtheballoondowntowardstheground.Itisacircleoffabriccutoutofthetopoftheenvelopwhichiscontrolledbyaropewhichrunsdownthroughthemiddleoftheenvelopetothebasket.Ifthepilotwantstobringtheballoondown,heorshesimplypullsontheropewhichwillopenthevalve,lettinghotairescape,decreasingtheinnerairtemperature.Thiscoolingofaircausestheballoontoslowitsrise.Thepilotcanoperatehorizontallybychangingtheverticalpositionoftheballoonbecausethewindblowsindifferentdirectionsatdifferentaltitudes.Ifthepilotwantstomoveinaparticulardirection,heorshesimplyarisesandfallstotheappropriatelevelandrideswiththewind.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto__________.A.explainhowhotairballoonsworkB.illustratewhyhotairballoonsareusefulC.describehotairballoons’structureD.informreadersabouthowhotairballoonsaremade61.Whatwouldhappenifthe“ParachuteValve”couldnotbereleasedafteritwasopened?A.Theinsideoftheballoonwouldcontinuetoheatup.B.TheballoonwouldclimbupmorerapidlyC.Theself-sealingvalvewouldneedtotakeovertheroleoftheParachuteValve.D.Theballoonwouldbegintomovedownmorerapidly.Whichofthefollowingskillsorknowledgewouldbethemostusefultoaballoonpilot?A.Theabilitytosewthepanelsoffabrictogethertomakeaballoon.B.Anunderstandingofhowpropanegasismanufactured.C.Aknowledgeofthebackgroundofpassengerswhoaretravellingintheballoon.D.Aknowledgeofaircurrentsandwinddirectionsintheareawhereheispilotingtheballoon.(C)ThesurfaceofVenushasneverseemedveryhospitable.Temperatureschangearound470°C(900°F),resultofarunwaygreenhouseeffect,andthepressureofitsatmosphere,thickwithcarbondioxideandsulfuricacid(硫酸),issome90timesthatofEarth’s.Lead(鉛)wouldflowlikewateronVenus,andwatercannothaveexistedinliquidformforperhapsabillionyears.

theNowNASA’SMagellanspacecraftseemstohavefoundonemorehorrorinthenastylandscape:activevolcanoes.LastweekthespaceagencyreleasedthefirstdetailedmapofVenusandthemostdramaticimagesevermadeofitssurface.Thepictureofferthebestevidencetodatethataplanetonceassumeddeadisactuallyalivelypotofgeologicalchange.ThemostamazingimageisofVenus’ssecondtallestmountain,MaatMons,whichrises8km(5miles).Mostoftheplanet’smanypeaks,including(6-mile-)highMaxwellMontes,lookbrightintheradarpicturesMagellantakesfromitsorbitabovethepermanentcouldcover.Thatmeanstheyarestrongreflectorsofradarwaves.ButMaatMonsisdark;liketheStealthbomber,itabsorbsmuchoftheradarfallingonit.Thisinterestingfact,sayprojectscientists,isastronghintthatthemountainshasrecentlybeencoveredwithlava(熔巖).Rockthatsitsonthesurfaceofmountaintopsappearstoweatherquicklyinthehot,chemicallyreactiveatmosphere,creatingasoilthatisrichinironsulfide(thismineral,thescientistsbelieve,thatcaneasilybeseenonradar.IfMaatMonsdoesn

硫化鐵).Itis’thaveany,ithasprobablybeenresurfaced,perhapswithinthepastfewyears.SuchresurfacinghasundoubtedlytakenplaceinVenuslowlands:earlierimagesoftheplanetshowedvastareasthatareremarkablyfreeofcraters(火山坑).ThatwouldbeeasytoexplainonaPlanetlikeEarth,wherecrateringfrommeteorstrikesiserasedbysteadyerosion.ButwhilethereissomeevidenceofwinderosiononVenus,thebestexplanationforthelackofcrateringisperiodiclavaflow.Magellanhasfounddirectevidenceofsuchflows,includingdomelikeupwellingsandhardenedstreamedofrocktrailingdownthesidesofVenusianpeaks.Therearealsosignsofothergeologicactivities,includingdramaticfaultingandseveraldistinctincidentsofmountainbuilding.Buttheevidencecan’tindicatewhethertheyreallyoccurredmillionsofyearsago.ThecaseforactiveVenusianvolcanoesisnotyetproved,butMagellan,whichisnowwellintoitssecondcompletesurveyoftheplanet’ssurface,mayeventuallysettletheissue.63.WhichofthefollowinghasNOpossibilitytobefoundonVenusnow?A.Carbondioxide

B.Sulfuricacid

C.Liquidwater

D.Activevolcanoes64.Thescientistsbelievethat_________showsupeasilyonradar.A.geologicalchange

B.ironsulfide

C.mountainmineral

D.lavaflow65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheresurfacinghaschangedtheimagesofthevastareasinVenuslowlands.B.ThewinderosiononVenusiscausedbyperiodiclavaflowsC.StreamsofrocktrailingdownthesideofVenusianpeakscanbeseenonEarthD.Othergeologicactivitieshavecauseddramaticandunbelievableclimatephenomenon.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.NASA’SMagallanspacecraftfailstostandtheenvironmentofVenus.B.ThereisclearandconfirmedevidencefortheactiveVenusianvolcanoesonVenus.C.SomeevidenceofperiodiclavaflowshasbeenfoundbyNASAastronauts.D.Magellanwillconductafollow-upcompletesurveyoftheVenus’surface.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencesgiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.However,facialrecognitionseemsmerelytoencodethem.B.Researchshow

that

artificial

intelligence

can

reconstruct

the

facialstructuresofpeople.C.Anyonewith

aphonecantake

apicture

for

facial-recognition

programs

to

use.D.Technologyisrapidlycatchingupwiththehumanabilitytoreadfaces.E.Continuousfacialrecordingthatpaintscomputerizeddataontotherealworldmightchangethetextureofsocialinteractions.F.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandiscrucialtotheformationofcomplexsocieties.NowhereToHide:WhatMachinesCanTellFromYourFaceThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.67Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughtheunconsciousshameorthetrickofafalsesmile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglives,intheofficeandthecourtroomaswellasthebarandthebedroom,readingfaces,forsignsofattraction,hostility,trustanddeceit.Theyalsospendplentyoftimetryingtohidetheirfeelings,intentionsornature.68InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance;inBritain,byretailerstospotpastshoplifters.ThisyearWelshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.InChinaitconfirmstheidentitiesofride-hailingdrivers,permitstouriststoenterattractionsandletspeoplepayforthingswithasmile.Apple’snewiPhoneisexpectedtouseittounlockthehomescreen.Setagainsthumanskills,suchapplicationsmightseemenhancive.Somebreakthroughs,suchasflightortheinternet,obviouslytransformhumanabilities.69Althoughfacesarepeculiartoindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,intrudeonsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyseimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavastscalepromisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.70Maskingtruefeelingshelpsfixthewheelsofdailylife.Ifyourpartnercanspoteveryprohibitedyawn,andyourbosseveryhintofannoyance,marriagesandworkingrelationshipswillbemoretruthful,butlessharmonious.Thebasisofsocialinteractionsmightchange,too,fromasetofcommitmentsfoundedontrusttocalculationsofriskandrewardderivedfromtheinformationacomputerattachestosomeone’sface.Relationshipsmightbecomemorereasonable,butalsotransactional.IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SportTourismTourismistheworld’slargestindustryandispredictedtogrowwellintotheyearstocome.Increasingly,theeconomicimportanceoftourismhasbeenrecognizedbygovernmentsaroundtheworld.Atthesametime,thetourismindustryhasbecomemorecomplicatedinitsdevelopmentandmarketingnewformsoftourism.Oneofthefastestgrowingpartsofthetourismindustryistravelrelatedtosportandphysicalactivity.Arecentsurveyfoundthatwhilethetraditionalbeachandsight-seeingvacationscontinuetopredominate,22%ofthosesurveyedreportedthatopportunitiestoparticipateinsportswereimportantwhenselectingavacation.Thetermsporttourismhasbeenadoptedinrecentyearstodescribesport-relatedleisuretravel.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthreearethreebroadcategoriesofsporttourism.Thefirstcategory.WatchingsportingeventsorSportsEventTourismincludeshallmarkeventssuchasFIFAWorldCupFootballChampionships,andtheOlympicgames.TournamentsponsoredbytheProfessionalGolfAssociationortheWorldTennisAssociationarealsopartofthespectator-centeredsectorofsporttourism.Thesecondtypeofsporttourism,celebrityandnostalgiasporttourisminvolvesvisitingfamoussports-relatedattractions.Visitsofthesportshallsoffamefallintothiscategory.Anotherformofcelebrityandnostalgiasporttourismthathasemergedinrecentyearsismeetingfamoussportspersonalities.Thecruiseindustryhasbeenexperiencedinthisarea.Sportsthemecruisesuchas“