七寶高中高一年級第一學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試英語試卷 (含答案)

七寶高中高一年級第一學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試英語試卷出卷人：審卷人：I.ListeningComprehension(24’)SectionAShortConversations（10%）Directions:InsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweenspeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Sewing.B.Cooking.2.A.Singing.B.PlayingthepianoC.Playingdrums.3.A.HisbikeB.Jane’sbikeC.ThekeytohisroomC.Art.D.Computer.D.Acting.D.Thekeytohisbike4.A.Themandoesn’tlikeacar,buthiswifedoes.B.Theman’swifedoesn’tlikeacar.C.Themanwantedtobuyacarforalongtime.D.Themancanaffordtobuyacaratlast.5.A.Toschool.B.Toherroom.C.Tothegrocerystore.6.A.Bobcan’thelp.C.Bobisunkind.D.Toherfriend’shouse.B.Bobwillhelp.D.Bobwantsmoney.7.A.Thenewapartmentischeaper.C.SheprefersalargerapartmentB.Shelikestolistentotheradio.D.Sheneedsaquieterplace.8.A.OnfootB.Bytaxi.C.Bytheirowncar.B.Heissickinbed.D.Bybus.9.A.Heisthesameasbefore.C.Heisbetter.D.Hisconditionisworse.10.A.$160.B.$150.C.$120.D.$50.SectionBPassages(6%)Directions:InpartB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.regularly.B.predictably.C.always.D.rarely12.A.Itcausesgreatdamage.B.Itextendstotheoceanfloor.C.Itislikelytolessen.D.Itincreasesrapidly.13.A.Itistheonlyfactorinfluencingthestrengthofhighwaves.B.Itinfluencesthepowerofhighwaves.C.Ithasnoinfluenceuponthestrengthofveryhighwaves.D.Itisirrelevanttothequestionofthepowerofhighwaves.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14.A.Anewwaytotakenotes.B.Ashortnameforthesurveyreadingmethod.C.Thefivestepsinthereadingprocess.D.Differentwaystostudyforexamination.15.A.Oneshouldthinkabouttheideaswhilereadingthewords.B.Oneshouldalwaystakenotes.C.Oneshouldreadonlythetitlesandtheimportantwords.D.Oneshouldreadsequencesofwords.16.A.takingnotes.B.underliningimportantpoints.D.BothAandB.C.keepingwhatyoureadinmind.SectionCLongerConversations（8%）Directions:InpartC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonfollowingconversation.TheLanguageStudyFairDate:17thto19th17.Place:NationalEducationCentre.Fairincludes:·Standswithtextbooks.·18byeducationalspeakers.·demonstrationsofthelatest19programs.Tickets:$5eachor$3fora20students.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.WhatwasHerbert’spreviousjob?WhydidHerbertmoveback?WhatisHerbert’spresentjob?HewasaItwas21.22inAlaska.Heisa23owner.WhenwillCindyandDavemeetHerbert?24.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II.GrammarSectionA(10%)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.Itisbelievedthatthosewhoattendlessons_____greatconcentrationaremorelikelytobetopones.A.onB.byC.withD.over26.Somefriendstriedtosettlethequarrelbetweenthetwinswithouthurtingthefeelingof_________,butfailed．A.noneB.eitherC.allD.neither27.Itissaidthatstudentsnowpossessmorefreetimetodevelop______intereststhem.A.nomatterwhatB.whateverC.howeverD.anything28.Wedidn’tdaretogooutofthehotel_________weranintoanythingdangerous.A.incaseB.whereC.sothatD.because29.Peter,afanoftennis,toldmethattheChineseplayerLiNa_________thesecondgoldmedalintheAustralianOpenTennisChampionshipinthecoffeebarthedaybefore.A.wins30.I_________thepoorlittlerabbit,butIdidn’thaveanyrightdrugswithmeatthatmoment.A.couldhavesavedB.hadsavedC.couldsaveD.shouldhavesaved31.Eachmeans_________tosolvetheproblem,butnoneiseffective.B.willwinC.wouldwinD.hadwonA.hasbeentriedoutB.havebeentriedoutC.willbetriedoutD.aretriedout32.TheowneroftheBMWcarconfessed_______downanoldladyatthecrossing.A.knockedB.tohaveknockedC.toknockingD.toknock33.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek_________TV.A.towatchB.watchingC.onwatchingD.watch34._________environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystemtorecover.A.EvenifB.IfonlyC.WhileD.Once35._________getshomefirstistocooksupperforourbigfamily.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Thosewho36.Itwasthirtyyears_______hewasinvestedasanoutstandingalumnustocelebratethe128thanniversaryoftheuniversity.A.sinceB.whileC.beforeD.until37.Attheendoftheprogram,thestudentsarepaid$600–awaythisprogramdiffersfromothers,_________oftenchargeafee.A.whoB.thatC.theyD.which38.ThefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,BarackObama,wontheelectionintheend,butitremains,ofcourse,_________whetherhecanovercomethepresentdifficulties.A.tosee39.Carbondioxide_________fromburningfuelsisthemostcommonofthe“greenhousegases”.A.havingbeenproducedB.producingC.tobeproducedD.produced40.Onlywhen_________possibletosettletheproblemamongtheboystudents.B.seenC.seeingD.tobeseenA.doestheclassteachercomewillitbeB.theclassteachercomeswillitbeD.theclassteachercomesitwillbeC.hastheclassteachercomeitwillbeSectionB(10%)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.MichelleObamatogetherwithhertwodaughtersandhermother(41)__________(be)visitingChinainthisweeklongvisit.Itishermaintaskthataimsatpromotingeducationandperson-to-personexchanges.ThisvisitmarksthefirstmeetingbetweenMichelleObamaandPengLiyuan,(42)______husbandsruntheworld’sfirstandsecond(43)______(large)economiesandhavesought(尋求)tobuildanewrelationship(44)______(base)ontrustandmutual（相互的）respect.PengwillaccompanyObamatotheformerImperialPalace,(45)______(follow)byaprivatedinnerandaperformance.OnSaturday,sheistospeakatprestigiousPekingUniversity,(46)_______AmericanproductsandculturearehugelypopularandthereisarespectfortheU.S.firstfamily.MichelleObama’sdecision(47)__________(visit)China,accompaniedbyherdaughtersandmother,isbeingconsidered(48)______asignofrespectforChinesesocietyandculture,aswellasawayofhumanizingtherelationshipbetweenthetwonations.Byasimilarmeasure,theglamorousPengLiyuan,whoholds(49)______honoraryrankequivalenttomajorgeneral,hasbrokenthemold(模式；類型)ofreticent（寡言少語的）,virtuallyinvisibleChineseladies,usingherfametopromoteAIDSawarenessandothercauses.TheObamawomenaretoflyMondaytothenortherncityofXi’an,home(50)_____thefamedTerraCottaWarriorsMuseum,thenvisitapandabreedingfacilityoutside.III.Vocabulary:(10%)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.potentialB.achievementC.reviewsAC.biologicalAD.evolvedBC.interactionBD.claimD.responsibleAB.valuableCD.imitatingABC.rulesFromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst____51___,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethisvaluabletool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhuman’sfuture____52____andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguists(語言學(xué)家)believethatevolutionis____53____forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They___54___thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswithaninnate（天生的）languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour____55___forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical___56___timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current____57___ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinlowergrades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeingexposedtothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe____58____oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstrates(表明)that__59___withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguageacquisitionthananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.Inotherwords,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsby___60___them.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.IV.ReadingComprehension(15%)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.E-mailsystemsatthousandsofcompaniesandgovernmentofficesaroundtheworldwereattackedbyaviruscalled“Melissa”thatdisguisesitselfasan“importantmessage”fromafriend.Inspiteofaweekendofwarnings,morethan50,000___61___atabout100placesaroundtheworldhavebeen___62___bythevirus,computersecurityexpertssaidonMonday.The___63___begantoshowuplastFridayandspreadrapidlyonMondaybymakingcomputersfireoffdozensofinfectede-mails.Althoughtheviruscausesnoserious___64___toacomputer,itseffectswerefar-reaching.Tomakematters___65___,asimilarviruscalledPapawasdiscoveredonMonday.Papaisprogrammedtosendoutevenmore___66___e-mailsthanMelissa.TheMelissaviruscomesinthe___67___ofane-mail,usuallycontainingthesubjectline“ImportantMessage.”Itappearstobefroma___68___.Thebodyofthee-mailmessagesays,“Hereisthatdocumentyouaskedfor…don’tshowittoanyoneelse.”Attachedtothe___69___isadocumentfile.Oncetheuseropensthat___70___,thevirusdigsintotheuser’saddressbookand___71___infecteddocumentstothefirst50addresses.E-mailsfromthePapavirus___72___anattachedspreadsheetfile.Whenthe___73___opensthatfile,thevirussends60infectede-mails.The___74___whythisisspreadingsofastisthatyouaregettingitfrompeopleyouknow.Besides,youshouldneveropendocumentsorattachmentsfrompeopleyoudon’tknow.Peoplewhogetanunexpectede-mailwiththe“importantmessage”subjectlineshould___75___itimmediatelyandnotopenthemessage.61.A.computers62.A.madeB.machinesC.carsD.housesB.builtC.attackedD.destroyed63.A.germ64.A.caseB.illnessB.damageB.betterC.diseaseC.situationC.interestingC.hurtD.virusD.hurt65.A.worse66.A.infectedD.annoyingD.seriousB.damaged67.A.shape68.A.doctor69.A.body70.A.address71.A.reads72.A.make73.A.computer74.A.factB.nameB.bossC.formD.faceC.friendC.virusD.childD.addressD.fileB.messageB.bookC.messageC.writesC.includeC.teacherC.situationC.saveB.sendsB.excludeB.studentB.caseD.makesD.produceD.userD.reasonD.keep75.A.deleteB.copySectionB（25%）Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,andC.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“Everythinghappensforthebest,”mymothersaideachtimeIfaceddisappointmentorevendepression.“Ifyoucarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Andyou’llrealizethatitwouldn’thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment.”Motherwasright,whichIdidn’tdiscoveruntilaftergraduatingfromcollegein1932.Ihaddecidedtotryforajobinradio,thenworkmywayuptosportsannouncer.IhitchhikedtoChicagoandknockedonthedoorofeverystation—andgotturneddowneverytime.Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn’triskhiringaninexperiencedperson.“Gooutintheremoteareasandfindasmallstationthat’llgiveyouachance,”shesaid.IwentbackhometoDixon,Illinois.Whiletherewerenoradio-announcingjobsinDixon,myfathersaidMontgomeryWardhadopenedastoreandwantedalocalathletetomanageitssportsdepartment.SinceDixonwaswhereIhadplayedhighschoolfootball,Iapplied.Thejobsoundedjustrightforme.ButIwasn’thired.Mydisappointmentmusthaveshown.“Everythinghappensforthebest.”Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.ItriedWOCRadioinDavenport,Iowa.Theprogramdirector,awonderfulScotsmannamedPeterMacArthurtoldmetheyhadalreadyhiredanannouncer.AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover.Iaskedaloud,“Howcanafellowgettobeasportsannouncerifhecan’tgetajobinaradiostation?”IwaswaitingfortheelevatorwhenIheardMacArthurcalling,“Whatwasthatyousaidaboutsports?Doyouknowanythingaboutfootball?”Thenhestoodmebeforeamicrophoneandaskedmetobroadcastanimaginarygame.Theprecedingautumn,myteamhadwonagameinthelast20secondswitha65-yardrun.Idida15-minuteboosttothatplay,andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday’sgame!Onmywayhome,asIhavemanytimessince,Ithoughtofmymother’swords,“Ifyoucarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Somethingwouldn’thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment.”76.Welearnfromthepassagethat________.A.thefrustrationoftheauthorpreventedhimfromperformingwellatWOCRadioB.bothoftheauthor’sparentsshowedsupportwhenhewastryingtosearchforajobC.PeterMacArthurrecognizedtheauthor’stalentinbroadcastingafterreadinghisresumeD.theauthorlostallhishopeandcouragewhenhewasturneddownbyMontgomeryWard77.Whatwasmostlikelytheauthor’sattitudetowardsPeterMacArthur?A.HewasworriedthatPeterwouldn’tbelieveinhisability.B.HewasafraidthathisloudinnerclaimwouldannoyPeter.C.HewasangrythatPeterdidn’tofferhimasatisfyingposition.D.HewasgratefulthatPetercouldnoticehisbroadcastingpotential.78.Whatlessoncanyoulearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinthepassage?A.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Nocross,nocrown.(B)B.Preventionisbetterthancure.D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.Australianscientistsaretryingtogivekangaroo-stylestomachstocattleandsleepinordertocutthegreenhousegasestheysendout,whichisthoughttoberesponsibleforglobalwarming.Thankstospecialbacteriaintheirstomachs,kangarooflatulence(腸胃氣脹)containsnomethane(甲烷)andscientistswanttotransferthatbacteriatocattleandsheepwhoproducelargequantitiesoftheharmfulgas.Whiletheusualimageofgreenhousegaspollutionisabillowingsmokestack(煙囪)pushingoutcarbondioxide,farmanimals’passingwindcontributeasurprisinglyhighpercentageoftotalemissionsinsomecountries.“FourteenpercentofemissionsfromallsourcesinAustraliaisfromentericmethanefromcattleandsheep,”saidAtholKlieve,aseniorresearchscientistwiththeQueenslandstategovernment.“AndifyoulookatanothercountrysuchasNewZealand,whichhasgotamuchhigheragriculturalbase,they’reactuallyuparound50percent,”hesaid.Researcherssaythebacteriaalsomakesthedigestiveprocessmuchmoreefficientandcouldpotentiallysavemillionsofdollarsinfeedcostsforfarmers.Butitwilltakeresearchersatleastthreeyearstoisolatethebacteria,beforetheycanevenstarttodevelopawayoftransferringittocattleandsheep.Anothergroupofscientists,meanwhile,hassuggestedAustraliansshouldfarmfewercattleandsheepandjusteatmorekangaroos.Andabout20percentofhealth-consciousAustraliansarebelievedtoeatthenationalsymbolalready.“It’slowinfat,it’sgothighproteinlevelsandit’sverycleaninthesensethatbasicallyit’sthefree-rangeanimal,”saidPeterAmptoftheUniversityofNewSouthWales’sinstituteofenvironmentalstudies.79.Scientistsintendtoputbacteriaintocattleandsheep_______.A.topreventthemfromsendingoutharmfulgasesB.tohelpAustralianfarmerstoearnmoremoneyC.sothattheycanprotectAustralianecosystemD.sothattheycanmakefulluseofspecialbacteria80.AtholKlieveseemstobelievethat___________.A.cattleandsheepproducemorecarbondioxideB.lesscattleandsheepareraisedinNewZealandC.farmanimalsaretoblameforgreenhousegasesD.NewZealandhasthemostanimalsintheworld81.TheadvantagesPeterAmptlistsaboutkangaroosdon’tinclude_________.A.itisrichinproteinC.itischeaperthanbeef(C)B.islowinfatD.itiscleanerthansheepToomuchwork,toolittlemoneyandnotenoughopportunityforpromotionorgrowtharestressingusoutonthejob,accordingtoanewsurveyfromtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Weallknowthatstressreducesallofthethingsthathelpproductivity—mentalclarity(清晰),short-termmemory,decision-makingandmoods.One-thirdofemployeesexperiencelastingstressrelatedtowork,thesurveyfound.Fifty-fourpercentofthe1,501employedadultssurveyedsaytheyfeeltheyarepaidtoolittlefortheircontributions,and61%saidtheirjobsdon’tofferadequateopportunitiestoadvance.Onlyhalfoftheadultssurveyedsaidtheyfeelvaluedatwork.Besides,women’sstressisrisingasfamiliesrelymoreonwomen’searnings.Anemployedwife’scontributiontofamilyearningshasreached,onaverage,47%since2009,sowomenfeelespeciallystuckandtense.Thirty-twopercentofwomensaidtheiremployersdon’tprovidesufficientopportunitiesforinternaladvancement,comparedwith30%ofmen.Womenaremorelikelytofeeltenseduringatypicalworkday,reportingmoreoftenthattheiremployerdoesn’tappreciatewhattheydo.Physically,thebodyrespondstostressbysecretinghormonesintothebloodstreamthatstimulateaccelerated(加速的)heartrateandbreathingandtensingofmuscles.Peoplewhoexperiencestressasapositiveoftenhaveincreasedbloodflowtothebrain,musclesandlimbs,similartotheeffectsofaerobicexercise.Thosewhofeelfrightenedorthreatened,however,oftenhaveanunstableheartrateandconstrictingbloodvessels(血管).Theirbloodpressurerisesandhandsandfeetmaygrowcold.Theymaybecomeagitated,speakmoreloudlyorexperienceerrorsinjudgment.Emotionalresponsestostressoftendividealonggenderlines,withmenmorelikelytohavea“fightorflight”reactionwhilewomenaremorelikelytohavea“tendandbefriend”response,seekingcomfortinrelationshipsandcareoflovedones,accordingtotheresearch.Womentendto“internalize”,whichcontributestotheirstress.Manywomenhesitatetospeakupforthemselvesorchallengebehaviortheyseeasunfair.KayKeaney,interiordesigner,40,rosefastataCaliforniamedicalgroup,takingonresponsibilityforinteriorandfacilityplanning.Withher60-hourworkweeks,plusearly-morningandlate-nightmeetingsanda1.5-hourcommuteeachway,sheseldomhadtimewithhertwosmallchildren.Whetherstuckintrafficonherwaytoa6p.m.pickupatdaycare,ortornbetweenherchildrenandurgentworkemails,“Ijustwantedtocrawloutofmyskin,”shesays.“Iwasoverwhelmed.”Yetshehesitatedtocomplain.“Therewastoomuchworktobedone,andplayingtheMommycardwasbadform.”Buttheexpertssuggestthatwomenshouldgivethemselvesavoice.82.Theunderlinedword“agitated”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.fearfulB.optimisticC.anxiousD.ambitious83.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Everyonehasapainfulsenseofbeingunder-appreciatedorunder-paid.B.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplefeelsatisfiedwithwork-lifebalance.C.Animprovingjobmarketismakingsomepeople’sworkliveseasier.D.Mostwomenhavehigherlevelsofworkstressthantheoppositesex.84.WecanlearnfromtheexampleofKayKeaneythat_____.A.relievingoneselffromstressinvolvesbeingfrankaswellasbraveB.experiencingsymptomsoflastingstresscausescommunicationbarriersC.seekingcomfortfromfriendsorrelativeshaslittletodowithofficestressD.beingchallengedordevaluedbyothersleadstonumeroushealthproblems85.Whatismostprobablytobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Otheraspectsinlifeaffectedbystressinwork.B.Tipstohelpwomenhandletheirhardtimesproperly.C.Examplestoshowthedifferentgenderresponsestostress.D.Reasonswhypeoplearelikelytofeeltensewhenworking.DUniversityeducatorslargelythinkhighlyofthewondersofteachingthroughtechnology,butskepticsquestionwhethersomethingislostwhenprofessorsandlecturesrelytooheavilyonelectronicmediaorwheninteractionwithstudentstakesplaceremotely—incyberspaceratherthantherealspaceoftheclassroom.HansUlrichGumbrecht,theProfessorofLiteratureatStanfordUniversity,isonesuchskeptic.“Ithinkthisenthusiasticandsometimeschildishandblindpushingtowardthemoretechnologythebetter,themorewebsitesthebetterteacher,andsoforth,isverydangerous—is,indeed,suicidal,”heindicates.However,Gumbrechtwarnsthattherearefew,ifany,studieseithersupportingorrejectingthehypothesisthattraditionalwaysofteachingaresuperiortoteachingviatheInternet.Hesaysthathecouldpointonlytohis“intuitionthatrealclassroompresenceshouldbemaintained,”andemphasizestheneedforeducatorstoexaminecriticallywheretechnologyservesausefulpedagogical(教學(xué)法的)functionandwhereitdoesnot.Yet,Gumbrechtallowsthat,forcoursesinwhichknowledgetransmissionisthesolepurpose,electronicmediaprobablycandothejobwellenough.Indeed,giventhe20thcentury’sknowledgeexplosionandtheincreasingcostsofhighereducation,usingtechnologyasopposedtoreal-lifeteachersforthetransmissionofinformationisprobablyinevitable,headmits.Inanycase,knowledgetransmissionshouldnotbethecorefunctionoftheu